Ukufa Kwezingane Ngokuzumayo (SIDS): Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

I-Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) iwukufa okungaqondakali kwengane enempilo ebonakala iphilile ngesikhathi ilele, okuvamise ukutholakala ezinganeni ezineminyaka engaphansi konyaka. Lesi simo esibuhlungu sivela ngaphandle kokuxwayisa futhi singachazwa ngisho nangemva kokuhlolwa okuphelele, kufaka phakathi ukuhlolwa komzimba nokucubungula indawo yokufa.

I-SIDS iyaziwa nangokuthi "ukufa ebetheleni" ngoba kuvame ukutholakala lapho izingane zilele ebetheleni lazo. Nakuba lesi simo kuyisaba elibi kunazo zonke labazali, ukuqonda amaqiniso mayelana ne-SIDS kungakusiza ukuthi uthathe izinyathelo zokunciphisa ingozi futhi uzizwe ukhululekile ekuhlaleni ingane yakho.

Iyini i-Sudden Infant Death Syndrome?

I-SIDS iwukufa okuzumayo, okungaqondakali kwengane enempilo ebonakala iphilile eneminyaka engaphansi kwengu-12. Ukufa kwenzeka ngesikhathi ilele futhi kuhlala kungachazeki ngisho nangemva kokuhlolwa okuphelele ochwepheshe bezokwelapha napheleni.

Ukuze ukufa kubhalwe njenge-SIDS, kufanele kuhlangatshezwane nemibandela emithathu. Ingane kufanele ibe neminyaka engaphansi konyaka, ukufa kufanele kube okuzumayo nokungaqondakali, futhi akukho sizathu esingatholakala ngisho nangemva kokuhlolwa komzimba okuphelele, ukuhlolwa kwendawo yokufa, nokubuyekezwa komlando wezokwelapha.

I-SIDS ingxenye yeqembu elikhulu elibizwa nge-Sudden Unexpected Infant Death (SUID), elihlanganisa wonke ukufa kwezingane okuzumayo. Noma kunjalo, i-SIDS ibhekisela kuphela ezimweni lapho kungatholakali sizathu ngisho nangemva kokuhlolwa okuphelele.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-Sudden Infant Death Syndrome?

I-SIDS ayinazimpawu zoxwayiso noma izimpawu ongazibuka. Izingane ezibulawa yi-SIDS zibonakala zinephilile futhi azibonisi zimpawu zokucindezeleka ngaphambi kokufa.

Yilokhu okwenza i-SIDS ibe yinto ebulalayo emindenini. Ayikho izimpawu ezifana nokuvuvukala, ukukhala, noma ubunzima bokuthanda okungaxwayisa abazali ukuthi kukhona okungalungile. Ingane ayivuki nje ebuthongweni.

Abazali abathile bakhathazeka ngezinto ezivamile ezinganeni ezincane ezifana nokuthanda okungapheli (ukuyeka okufushane ukuthanda ngesikhathi ulele) noma ukuthukuthela ngesikhathi ulele. Lokhu kuvame ukuba okuvamile futhi akuhlobene nengozi ye-SIDS.

Yini ebangela i-Sudden Infant Death Syndrome?

Imbangela eqondile ye-SIDS ihlala ingaziwa, kodwa abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ivela ekuhlanganiseni izinto ezithinta ingane ebuthakathaka. Lezi zinto cishe zisebenza ndawonye ukuvimba ukuthanda kwengane, izinga lenhliziyo, noma ukuvuka ebuthongweni.

Oosayensi banezinkolelo eziningana mayelana nalokho okungase kube nomthelela ku-SIDS. Nazi izinto eziyinhloko abacwaningi abazihlola:

• Ukungalingani kwengqondo ezindaweni eziqondisa ukuthanda nokuvuka ebuthongweni
• Ukukhula okungapheli kwengxenye yengqondo eqondisa ukuthanda
• Izinkinga ekubeni kwengane ukuba ivuke lapho amazinga oksijini ehlala phansi
• Izinto zofuzo ezingenza ezinye izingane zibe buthakathaka
• Ukuqina kwemvelo ngesikhathi esibalulekile sokuthuthuka

"Imodeli yezingozi ezintathu" iphakamisa ukuthi i-SIDS ivela lapho izimo ezintathu zenzeka ndawonye. Ingane ebuthakathaka ibhekene noxinzelelo lwephutha ngesikhathi esibalulekile sokuthuthuka, ngokuvamile phakathi kwezinyanga eziyi-2-6 lapho izinhlelo zokuqondisa ukuthanda zikhula.

Nini okufanele ubona udokotela ngezinkinga ze-Sudden Infant Death Syndrome?

Kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho wezingane ngokushesha uma ingane yakho iyeka ukuthanda, ibe luhlaza, noma ibe buthakathaka ngesikhathi ilele. Nakuba lezi zenzakalo zivame ukungahlobene ne-SIDS, zidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Shaya u-911 ngokushesha uma uthola ingane yakho ingaphenduli, ingathandi, noma uma isikhumba sayo sibonakala siluhlaza noma siluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ngisho noma uphumelele ekuvuseleleni ingane yakho, idinga ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha okuphaphandayo.

Hlela isikhathi sokuvakashela udokotela wakho njalo ukuze uxoxe ngokuvimbela i-SIDS uma ukhathazekile ngokuphepha kokulala kwengane yakho. Udokotela wakho wezingane angabuyekeza izindlela zokulala eziphephile futhi aphathe noma yikuphi ukukhathazeka okukhethekile ongabe unakho ngengozi yengane yakho.

Ziyini izinto ezikhuphula ingozi ye-Sudden Infant Death Syndrome?

Nakuba i-SIDS ingenzeka kunoma iyiphi ingane, izinto ezithile zingase zikhuphule ingozi. Ukuqonda lezi zinto ezikhuphula ingozi kungakusiza ukuthi uthathe izinyathelo zokudala indawo yokulala ephephile kakhulu yengane yakho.

Nazi izinto eziyinhloko ezikhuphula ingozi abacwaningi abazitholile:

• Ukulala esiswini noma eceleni kunokulala ngemuva
• Ukuvezwa ukubhema utshwala ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa noma ngemva kokuzalwa
• Ukuthanda okushisa kakhulu ngenxa yempahla eningi noma imibhede
• Imibhede ebushelelezi, ama-bumpers, noma amathoyizi ebetheleni
• Ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi noma ubunzima obuphansi bokuzalwa
• Ubulili besilisa (amadodana anezingozi eziphakeme kancane)
• Iminyaka phakathi kwezinyanga eziyi-2-6
• Umlando womndeni we-SIDS
• Umama oneminyaka engaphansi kwengu-20
• Ukukhathalelwa okungalungile noma okungaphelili ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa
• Ukusebenzisa utshwala noma izidakamizwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa

Ukuba nezinto ezikhuphula ingozi akusho ukuthi ingane yakho izophuthuma i-SIDS. Izingane eziningi ezinezinto eziningi ezikhuphula ingozi zihlala zinephilile ngokuphelele, kuyilapho i-SIDS ingenzeka kancane ezinganeni ezingenazo izinto ezikhuphula ingozi ezaziwayo.

Ziyini izinhlanganisela ezingase zenzeke ezihlobene ne-Sudden Infant Death Syndrome?

I-SIDS ngokwayo ayinazo izinhlanganisela ngoba iholela ekufeni. Noma kunjalo, umthelela emindenini nasemabandleni ungaba mkhulu futhi uhlale isikhathi eside.

Imindeni ethintekile yi-SIDS ivame ukuhlangabezana nokudumazeka okukhulu, icala, nokulimala. Abazali bangase bazisole noma balwe nokucindezeleka nokukhathazeka. Abazalwane nomndeni omkhulu nabo badinga ukwesekwa ukuze baqonde ukulahlekelwa kwabo.

Eminye imindeni ikhathazeka kakhulu ngezingane ezilandelayo, okubangela ukuziphatha okuvikelayo kakhulu noma izifo zokukhathazeka. Ukwelashwa kwabasebenzi bezempilo namaqembu wokusekela angasiza imindeni ukuthi ihambe ngalezi zinselele futhi ithole izindlela ezempilo zokubhekana nokulahlekelwa kwabo.

I-Sudden Infant Death Syndrome ingavikeleka kanjani?

Nakuba ungakwazi ukuvimbela ngokuphelele i-SIDS, ukulandela imiyalo yokulala ephephile kunganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yengane yakho. "Umklamo we-Back to Sleep," manje obizwa nge- "Safe to Sleep," usizile ekuphuculeni ukufa kwe-SIDS ngaphezulu kwe-50% kusukela ngawo-1990.

Nazi izinyathelo ezibaluleke kakhulu ongazithatha ukuze unciphise ingozi ye-SIDS:

1. Beka ingane yakho ngemuva njalo ukuze ilande, ngesikhathi sokulala kwasemini nangesikhathi sokulala ebusuku
2. Sebenzisa indawo yokulala eqinile ehlanganiswe neshiti elifanelekile
3. Gcina indawo yokulala yengane yakho ingabi namabhakede, amapilishi, ama-bumpers, namathoyizi
4. Gwema ukuvezwa ukubhema ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nangemva kokuzalwa
5. Ncesha ingane yakho uma kungenzeka
6. Yabelana egumbini (kodwa ungabelani embhedeni) nengane yakho okungenani izinyanga eziyisithupha zokuqala
7. Gwema imikhiqizo ethi inciphise ingozi ye-SIDS
8. Thola ukunakekelwa okulandelwayo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa
9. Landela isimiso esikhuthazwayo sokugonywa
10. Nikeza i-pacifier ngesikhathi sokulala ngemva kokuba ukuncesha kuqalile

Lezi zinyathelo zisebenza ndawonye ukudala indawo yokulala ephephile kakhulu yengane yakho. Ngisho nezinguquko ezincane, njengokususa ibhakede ebetheleni, zingenza umehluko obalulekile ekuphuculeni ingozi.

I-Sudden Infant Death Syndrome ihlonishwa kanjani?

I-SIDS ihlonishwa ngenqubo yokususa ngemva kokuba ezinye izimbangela zokufa zisuke.

Inqubo yokuhlola iqala ngokuhlolwa komzimba okuphelele okwenziwa yisazi sokuhlaziya esikwaziyo. Ukuhlolwa komzimba kuhlola wonke amangqamuzana nezinhlelo zomzimba ukuze kubukele noma yikuphi ukungalingani noma izimpawu zesifo ezingachaza ukufa.

Abahloli benza nokucubungula okuningiliziwe kwendawo yokufa. Babhala indawo yokulala yengane, isikhundla, nanoma yiziphi izinto ezingase zibe nomthelela ekufeni. Lokhu kusiza ukwahlukanisa i-SIDS ekubulaleni okungahlosiwe noma ezinye izifo ezihlobene nokulala.

Ochwepheshe bezokwelapha babuyekeza umlando ophelele wezokwelapha wengane nezimo ezihlobene nokufa. Kuphela lapho kungatholakali sizathu ngemva kwalokhu kuhlolwa okuphelele lapho ukufa kubhalwa njenge-SIDS.

Iyini ukwelashwa kwe-Sudden Infant Death Syndrome?

Ayikho ukwelashwa kwe-SIDS ngoba iholela ekufeni. Noma kunjalo, uma uthola ingane yakho ingaphenduli, i-CPR ngokushesha nokukhathalelwa kwezokwelapha okuphaphandayo kubalulekile.

Uma abaphenduli bezimo eziphuthumayo bephumelela ekuvuseleleni ingane eyiyeke ukuthanda, ingane izokuthola ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okuphakathi. Odokotela bazokwenza ukuhlolwa okuningi ukuze baqonde ukuthi yini ebangela ukuyeka ukuthanda futhi banikeze ukwelashwa okufanele.

Emindenini elahlekelwe ingane yi-SIDS, ukwelashwa kugxile ekwelashweni kokudabuka nasekusekelweni ngokomzwelo. Izibhedlela nemiphakathi eminingi inikeza izinhlelo ezikhethekile zokudabuka zemindeni ethintekile ngokufa kwengane.

Unganikeza kanjani ukunakekelwa okusekayo ngesikhathi kukhona ukukhathazeka kwe-SIDS?

Uma ukhathazekile ngengozi ye-SIDS, gxila ekudaleni indawo yokulala ephephile kakhulu yengane yakho. Lokhu kukunikeza izenzo ezithile ongazithatha ngenkathi uphatha ukukhathazeka kwakho ngalesi simo esingavamile.

Cabanga ukusebenzisa umonitha wengane ukuze uthole ukuzola kwengqondo, kodwa khumbula ukuthi abamonitha abakwazi ukuvimbela i-SIDS. Khetha amadivayisi alandelela ukuhamba noma ukuthanda uma kukusiza uzizwe ukhululekile, kodwa unganciki kuwo njengezinto zokuphepha.

Nakekela impilo yakho yengqondo ngokukhuluma nabanye abazali, ujoyine amaqembu wokusekela, noma ukhulume nomeluleki uma ukukhathazeka kwakho nge-SIDS kuphazamisa impilo yakho yansuku zonke noma ukubopha nengane yakho.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani isikhathi sakho sokuvakashela udokotela ngezinkinga ze-SIDS?

Ngaphambi kwesikhathi sakho sokuvakashela, bhala phansi imibuzo noma ukukhathazeka okukhethekile onakho mayelana ne-SIDS nokuphepha kokulala kwengane yakho. Lokhu kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukhuluma ngazo zonke izikhalo zakho ngesikhathi sokuvakashela.

Letha uhlu lwemikhuba yokulala yengane yakho, kufaka phakathi lapho iyalala khona, isikhundla osibeka khona, nezinto ezikhona endaweni yayo yokulala. Udokotela wakho angabuyekeza lezi zindlela futhi anikeze noma yiziphi izinguquko ezidingekayo.

Lungela ukuxoxa ngomlando womndeni wakho, kufaka phakathi noma yikuphi ukufa kwengane ngaphambili noma izehlakalo ezinkulu nengane yakho yamanje. Lolu lwazi lusisiza udokotela wakho ukuthi ahlole izinto ezikhuphula ingozi yengane yakho futhi anikeze isiqondiso esikhethekile.

Iyini into ebaluleke kakhulu mayelana ne-Sudden Infant Death Syndrome?

I-SIDS isimangalo esingavamile kodwa esinzima esithinta izingane ezinephilile ngesikhathi zilele. Nakuba imbangela eqondile ihlala ingaziwa, ukulandela izindlela zokulala eziphephile kunganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yengane yakho.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ongayenza iwukubeka ingane yakho ngemuva njalo ukuze ilande endaweni ephephile. Lesi sinyathelo esilula, kanye nezinye izinyathelo zokuvimbela, sesisindise izinkulungwane zobomi kusukela kwaqala imikhankaso yokulala ephephile.

Khumbula ukuthi i-SIDS ingavamile, ithinta cishe ingane eyodwa ku-1,000. Izingane eziningi ezilandela izindlela zokulala eziphephile zihlala zinephilile futhi ziphephile. Gxila ezinyathelweni ongazilawula ngenkathi ufuna ukwesekwa uma ukukhathazeka nge-SIDS kuphazamisa ukumnandi kwakho ngesikhathi sakho nengane yakho.

Imibuzo evamile ebuzwayo mayelana ne-Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

Ingabe i-SIDS ingenzeka emini noma ebusuku kuphela?

I-SIDS ingenzeka kunoma yisiphi isikhathi sokulala, kungaba ngesikhathi sokulala kwasemini noma ebusuku. Ingozi ikhona noma nini lapho ingane yakho ilele, kungakho izindlela zokulala eziphephile kufanele zilandele wonke amasikhathi okulala, hhayi ebusuku kuphela.

Ingabe abamonitha bezingane bavimbela i-SIDS?

Abamonitha bezingane, kufaka phakathi labo abalandelela ukuthanda noma ukuhamba, abazange kuqinisekiswe ukuthi bavimbela i-SIDS. Nakuba la madivayisi anganikeza ukuzola kwengqondo kubazali, akufanele athathe indawo yezindlela zokulala eziphephile. I-American Academy of Pediatrics ayikhuthazi ukusebenzisa la mamonitha njengezinto zokuvimbela i-SIDS.

Ingabe kuphephile ukuvumela ingane yakho ilande embhedeni wami ukuze ngiyilandele eduze?

Ukabelana embhedeni empeleni kukhuphula ingozi yokufa kwengane okuhlobene nokulala, kufaka phakathi i-SIDS. Indlela ephephile kakhulu iwukwabelana egumbini ngaphandle kokwabelana embhedeni, lapho ingane yakho iyalala khona egumbini lakini kodwa endaweni yayo yokulala ehlukile, njenge-bassinet noma ibetheleli eduze kombhede wakho.

Kufanele ngenzeni uma ingane yami iphenduka esiswini sayo ngesikhathi ilele?

Uma ingane yakho ingaphinda iphenduke ngemuva iye esiswini nasesiswini iye ngemuva ngokwayo (ngokuvamile cishe eminyakeni eyi-4-6), awudingi ukuyibuyisela ngesikhathi ilele. Noma kunjalo, kufanele uqhubeke uyibeke ngemuva ekuqaleni kwesikhathi ngasinye sokulala. Qiniseka njalo ukuthi indawo yayo yokulala ihlala ingabi nemibhede ebushelelezi nezinye izingozi.

Ingabe kukhona izimpawu zoxwayiso zokuthi ingane yami ingase ibe nengozi enkulu ye-SIDS?

I-SIDS ivela ngaphandle kwezimpawu zoxwayiso noma izimpawu. Izingane ezibulawa yi-SIDS zibonakala zinephilile ngokuphelele ngaphambi kwalokho. Nakuba izinto ezithile ezikhuphula ingozi zingase zikhuphule amathuba e-SIDS, ukuba nalezi zinto ezikhuphula ingozi akusho ukuthi i-SIDS izokwenzeka, futhi izingane eziningi ezingenazo izinto ezikhuphula ingozi zihlala ziphephile ngokuphelele. Gxila ekuvimbeleni ngezindlela zokulala eziphephile kunokubuka izimpawu zoxwayiso.