Uyini i-Swine Flu? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelapha

I-Swine flu iwukutheleleka komphefumulo okubangelwa yi-H1N1 influenza virus eyadlulela kubantu evela ezingulwini. Leli virus laqala ukukhuluma ngalo ngesikhathi se-pandemic ka-2009, kodwa manje kubhekwa njengesihlalo sezinkathi eziqhelekileyo se-flu esidabuka unyaka nonyaka.

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi i-swine flu isebenza njenge-flu eqhelekileyo namuhla. Abantu abaningi bayaphila ngokuphelele ngokuphumula okulungile nokunakekelwa, futhi kukhona ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo uma ukudingayo.

Uyini i-Swine Flu?

I-Swine flu ithola igama layo ngoba yaqala ukudlulela kubantu evela ezingulwini ngo-2009. I-H1N1 virus ebangela i-swine flu empeleni iyinhlanganisela yama-virus e-flu yezingulube, izinyoni, nabantu ahlanganiswe ndawonye.

Namuhla, leli virus lidlulela komunye umuntu njenge-flu eqhelekile. Akusekhoxhunyaniswe nezingulube noma imikhiqizo yezingulube, ngakho awukwazi ukuyibamba ngokudla inyama yenkukhu noma ukuba eduze kwezingulube.

I-World Health Organization yamemezela ukuqhuma kwe-swine flu ka-2009 njenge-pandemic ngoba kwakuyivirus entsha eyasakazeka ngokushesha emhlabeni jikelele. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, i-H1N1 virus iye yaba yingxenye yesiqondiso sethu seqhelekile se-flu sezinkathi.

Ziyini Izimpawu ze-Swine Flu?

Izimpawu ze-swine flu zifana kakhulu nezimpawu ze-flu eqhelekileyo sezinkathi. Abantu abaningi baye baba ne-flu eqhelekileyo ongayazi kakade.

Nazi izimpawu ezivame kakhulu ongazibona:

• Ukuqhuma komkhuhlane, ngokuvamile okuzumayo nokuphezulu
• Ubuhlungu bomzimba nobuhlungu bemisipha
• Intloko
• Ukukhathala okukhulu noma ukukhathala
• Ukuhlanza okwomile
• Ubuhlungu entanyeni
• Ikhala noma iphunga elivalekile

Abanye abantu nabo baye baba nezinkinga zokugaya ukudla ezingavamile nge-flu eqhelekile. Lokhu kungabandakanya isicanucanu, ukugabha, noma isifo sohudo, ikakhulukazi kubantwana.

Izimpawu zakho zivame ukuvela ezinsukwini eziyi-1 kuya kwezi-4 ngemuva kokubekwa endaweni ye-virus. Abantu abaningi baqala ukuzizwa bephilile ngaphakathi kweviki, nakuba ukukhathala kungaphikelela izinsuku ezimbalwa ngemuva kokuba ezinye izimpawu ziphume.

Yini ebangela i-Swine Flu?

I-Swine flu ibingelwa yi-H1N1 influenza A virus. Leli virus lidlulela komunye umuntu ngezintuli zomphefumulo lapho umuntu one-flu ekhwehlela, ethi, noma ekhuluma.

Ungayibamba i-swine flu ngezindlela ezimbalwa ezahlukene. Indlela evamile kakhulu ukuphefumula izintuli ezivela kumuntu othelelekile oseduze. Ungatheleleka futhi ngokuthinta izinto ezinaleli virus kuzo bese uthinta umlomo wakho, impumulo, noma amehlo.

I-virus ingaphila ezintweni izikhathi ezimbalwa, yingakho ukuhlanza izandla kubalulekile. Abantu abane-swine flu bayatheleleka kakhulu ezinsukwini eziyi-3 kuya kwezi-4 zokugula kwabo, nakuba bangasakaza i-virus kusukela cishe usuku olulodwa ngaphambi kokuba izimpawu ziqale kuze kube izinsuku eziyi-5 kuya kwezi-7 ngemuva kokugula.

Nini Okufanele Ubone Udokotela Nge-Swine Flu?

Abantu abaningi abane-swine flu bangaphila ekhaya ngokuphumula nokunakekelwa okusekela. Noma kunjalo, kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho uma uthola izimpawu ezinkulu noma ungumuntu ophethwe kakhulu.

Funani ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uthola lezi zibonakaliso zezixwayiso:

• Ubunzima bokuqeda umoya noma ukuphefumula okufushane
• Ubuhlungu noma ukucindezeleka esifubeni
• Ukukhathazeka okungapheli noma ukudideka
• Ukugabha okukhulu noma okungapheli
• Ukuqhuma komkhuhlane okuphezulu okungaphenduli ekupholiseni umkhuhlane
• Izimpawu ze-flu eziphucuka kepha zibuyela ngomkhuhlane nokukhwela okubi kakhulu

Kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho ekuqaleni kokugula kwakho uma unesongo elikhulu lokuthola izinkinga. Lokhu kubandakanya abesifazane abakhulelwe, abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65, abantwana abancinyane, nabantu abanezimo ezingapheli njenge-asthma, isifo sikashukela, noma isifo senhliziyo.

Ukukhathalela okuphaphandayo kuyadingeka uma unebunzima obukhulu bokuqeda umoya, ubuhlungu esifubeni, ukukhathazeka okungapheli, noma uma ungakwazi ukugcina izinto ezinwetshiwe ngenxa yokugabha.

Ziyini Izingozi Zokuthola I-Swine Flu?

Noma ubani angayibamba i-swine flu, kodwa amaqembu athile anezingozi eziphezulu zokutheleleka noma ukuthola izinkinga ezinzima. Ukuqonda izinga lakho lengozi kukusiza ukuthi uthathe izinyathelo ezifanele.

Unethuba elikhulu lokubamba i-swine flu uma:

• Uhlala noma usebenza ezindaweni ezikhukhumele
• Uxhumeke eduze nomuntu one-flu
• Awuzange uthole i-vaccine ye-flu sezinkathi
• Une-immune system ebuthakathaka
• Uthinta izinto ezithelelekile njalo ngaphandle kokuhlanza izandla okulungile

Amaqembu athile abhekene nezingozi eziphezulu zezinkinga ezinzima ezivela kwi-swine flu. Lokhu kubandakanya abesifazane abakhulelwe, abantwana abaneminyaka engaphansi kwengu-5 (ikakhulukazi abaneminyaka engaphansi kwengu-2), abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65, nabantu abanezimo zezokwelapha ezingapheli.

Izimo ezingapheli ezandisa ingozi yakho zibandakanya i-asthma, isifo sikashukela, isifo senhliziyo, isifo somlomo, isifo se-liver, nezimo ezibuthakathaka i-immune system yakho. Uma ungowomunye walawa maqembu, kubalulekile ukuba uthole i-vaccine yakho yonyaka ye-flu bese ufuna ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ekuqaleni uma izimpawu zivela.

Ziyini Izinhlungu Ezingaba khona ze-Swine Flu?

Abantu abaningi bayaphila kwi-swine flu ngaphandle kwezinkinga ezihlala njalo. Noma kunjalo, njenge-flu eqhelekileyo sezinkathi, i-swine flu ngezinye izikhathi ingabangela izinkinga ezinzima kakhulu, ikakhulukazi kubantu abasezingozini eziphezulu.

Izinhlungu ezivamile ongahlangabezana nazo zibandakanya:

• I-Pneumonia, engaba yi-viral noma i-bacterial
• I-Bronchitis noma ukubi kakhulu kwezimo zomphefumulo ezikhona
• Ukutheleleka kwe-sinus
• Ukutheleleka kwezindlebe
• Ukuphelelwa amanzi ngenxa yomkhuhlane nokungeni kwamanzi okulungile

Izinhlungu ezinzima kakhulu azivamile kodwa zingaba khona. Lokhu kungabandakanya i-pneumonia enzima edinga ukungena esibhedlela, ukubi kakhulu kwezimo zezokwelapha ezingapheli njenge-asthma noma isifo sikashukela, noma ezimweni ezingavamile, ukuvuvukala kwenhliziyo, ubuchopho, noma imisipha.

Abesifazane abakhulelwe babhekene nezingozi ezikhethekile, njengoba i-swine flu ingabangela izinkinga zokukhulelwa noma ukubeletha kwangaphambi kwesikhathi. Abantwana nabantu abadala abane-immune system ebuthakathaka bangase babe nesifo esinzima noma eside. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ngokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okulungile, izinhlungu eziningi zingaphathwa kahle.

I-Swine Flu Ingavikeleka Kanjani?

Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela i-swine flu ukuba uthole i-vaccine yakho yonyaka ye-flu. I-flu shot sezinkathi ihlanganisa ukuvikelwa kwi-H1N1 virus ebangela i-swine flu, kanye nezinye izinhlobo ze-flu ezivamile.

Imikhuba yakho yansuku zonke inganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yakho yokubamba noma ukusakaza i-swine flu:

• Geza izandla zakho njalo ngesepha namanzi okungenani imizuzwana engama-20
• Sebenzisa i-hand sanitizer esekelwe e-alcohol uma isepha alikho
• Gwema ukuthinta amehlo akho, impumulo, nomlomo ngezandla ezingageziwe
• Hlala kude nabantu abagulayo uma kungenzeka
• Vala ukukhwela noma ukuthimula ngethishu noma ngehlombe lakho
• Hlanza futhi uhlanze izinto ezithintwayo njalo

Uma ugula, ungasiza ukuvimbela ukusakaza i-virus kwabanye ngokuhlala ekhaya kuze kube yilapho ungenamkhuhlane okungenani amahora angama-24 ngaphandle kokusebenzisa imithi yokunciphisa umkhuhlane. Ukugqoka i-mask uma kufanele ube seduze kwabanye kungasiza futhi ekuvikeleni ukutheleleka.

I-Swine Flu Ihlonishwa Kanjani?

Udokotela wakho ngokuvamile angayihlola i-swine flu ngokusekelwe ezimpawu zakho nokukhehla komzimba, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sezinkathi ze-flu. Izimpawu zifana kakhulu ne-flu eqhelekileyo sezinkathi ukuthi ukuhlolwa okuqondile ngokuvamile akudingeki ngezinqumo zokwelapha.

Noma kunjalo, umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo angase akukhuthaze ukuhlolwa ezimweni ezithile. Lokhu kungabandakanya uma unesongo elikhulu lokuthola izinkinga, uma ungenesibhedlela, noma ekuqaleni kokusakazeka kwe-flu lapho odokotela bedinga ukubona ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo ze-flu ezisakazekayo.

Ukuhlolwa okuvamile kakhulu ukuhlolwa okusheshayo kwe-influenza, okungakunikeza imiphumela ngemizuzu engaba yi-15 usebenzisa i-swab yempumulo noma yomlomo. Ukuhlolwa okuningiliziwe kwe-laboratory njenge-RT-PCR kungabonisa ngokuqondile i-H1N1 virus, kodwa lokhu kuthatha isikhathi eside ukucubungula futhi ngokuvamile kugcinelwe izimo ezikhethekile.

Khumbula ukuthi ukuhlolwa okusheshayo okungabi nalutho akukhiphi ukutheleleka kwe-flu. Lokhu kuhlolwa akunembile ngokuphelele, ngakho udokotela wakho uzosekela kakhulu ezimpawu zakho nembali yakho yezokwelapha ukuqondisa ukwelashwa kwakho.

Uyini Ukwelapha kwe-Swine Flu?

Abantu abaningi abane-swine flu bayaphila ngokunakekelwa okusekela ekhaya, begxila ekuphumuleni, ekuphumeni kwamanzi, nasekuphatheni izimpawu. Imithi ye-antiviral iyatholakala kodwa isebenza kangcono uma iqalwa phakathi kwamahora angama-48 okuqala kwezimpawu.

Uhlelo lwakho lokuphatha ekhaya kufanele lubandakanye:

• Ukuphumula okuningi ukuze usize umzimba wakho ulwe nokutheleleka
• Ukunwa kwamanzi amaningi ukuvimbela ukuphelelwa amanzi
• Ukuthatha imithi yokunciphisa ubuhlungu njenge-acetaminophen noma i-ibuprofen ngenxa yobuhlungu nomkhuhlane
• Ukusebenzisa i-humidifier noma ukuphefumula umusi ukuqeda ukungcola
• Ukuhlanza ngamanzi ashisayo ane-salt ngenxa yokuqeda ubuhlungu entanyeni

Imithi ye-antiviral njenge-oseltamivir (Tamiflu) noma i-zanamivir (Relenza) inganciphisa ukugula kwakho ngosuku olulodwa futhi inciphise ubukhulu bezimpawu. Udokotela wakho cishe uzokubhalela lezi uma unesongo elikhulu lokuthola izinkinga noma uma ufuna ukwelashwa ekuqaleni kakhulu kokugula kwakho.

Gwema ukunika i-aspirin kubantwana noma abantu abasha abanezibonakaliso ze-flu, njengoba lokhu kungabangela isimo esingavamile kodwa esinzima esibizwa nge-Reye's syndrome. Namathela kwi-acetaminophen noma i-ibuprofen kubantu abasha esikhundleni salokho.

Indlela Yokuthatha Ukwelashwa Ekhaya Ngesikhathi Se-Swine Flu?

Ukukhathalela wena ekhaya yiyona ndlela ebaluleke kakhulu yokwelapha i-swine flu. Umzimba wakho udinga isikhathi namandla ukuze ulwe ne-virus, ngakho ukudala indawo yokwelapha ephumuzayo kubalulekile.

Gxilisa kula maqembu abalulekile wokunakekelwa ekhaya. Okokuqala, qinisekisa ukuphumula ngokulala ngangokunokwenzeka futhi ugweme imisebenzi enzima kuze kube yilapho uzizwa ukhulu. I-immune system yakho isebenza kanzima uma ulele, ngakho ungazizwa unecala ngokuchitha isikhathi esengeziwe embhedeni.

Hlala unamanzi ngokunwa amanzi, itiye lezimila, ama-broths ashisiwe, noma izixazululo ze-electrolyte usuku lonke. Gwema utshwala ne-caffeine, njengoba lokhu kungabangela ukuphelelwa amanzi. Uma unebunzima bokuhlala unamanzi, zama ukunwa kancane kancane kunokuba unwe amanzi amaningi ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Phatha izimpawu zakho ngendlela yemvelo uma kungenzeka. Sebenzisa i-humidifier enomusi opholile noma uphefumule umusi ovela eshawa elishisayo ukuqeda ukungcola. Ukuhlanza ngamanzi ashisayo ane-salt kungakhulula ubuhlungu entanyeni, futhi uju lungasiza ekuqedeni ukukhwela (ungayiniki uju kubantwana abaneminyaka engaphansi kwengu-1).

Hlola ubushushu bakho nezimpawu zakho nsuku zonke. Gcina irekhodi elilula lokuthi uzizwa kanjani, lokhu kungakusiza ukubona uma uthuthuka noma uma udinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha.

Kufanele Uzilungiselele Kanjani Ukuya Kulodokotela?

Ukuba ulungile ukuya kudokotela kuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola ukunakekelwa okulungile ngezimpawu zakho ze-swine flu. Ukuba nolwazi olukhulu okulungile kungenza i-appointment yakho ibe yiphumelelayo futhi ibe yingcono.

Ngaphambi kokuya kwakho, bhala izimpawu zakho nokuthi zaqala nini. Faka imininingwane enjengomkhuhlane wakho ophezulu kakhulu, indlela amazinga akho kwamandla ashintshile ngayo, nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezikukhathazayo kakhulu. Leli thrafu lisiza udokotela wakho ukuqonda ukuthi ukugula kwakho kuqhubeka kanjani.

Lungiselela uhlu lwemithi yonke oyithathayo njengamanje, kufaka phakathi imithi ye-over-the-counter, izongezo, nanoma yimiphi imithi yasekhaya oyizamile. Letha futhi ulwazi nganoma yiziphi izimo zezempilo ezingapheli onazo nokuthi uthole yini i-vaccine ye-flu yalo nyaka.

Bhala imibuzo ofuna ukuyibuza udokotela wakho. Lokhu kungabandakanya ukuthi ungabuya nini emsebenzini noma esikoleni, izibonakaliso zezixwayiso okumele uzibheke, noma ukuthi amalungu omndeni akho adinga yini izinyathelo ezikhethekile. Ukuba nemibuso yakho ebhalwe phansi kuqinisekisa ukuthi awukhohlwa ukukhathazeka okubalulekile ngesikhathi se-appointment.

Uma kungenzeka, ronga umuntu okufanele akuqhubele kwi-appointment, njengoba ungase uzizwe ubuthakathaka noma ukhubeka. Gqoka i-mask ukuvikela abanye esikhungweni sezokunakekelwa kwezempilo, futhi fika ngemizuzu embalwa ekuqaleni ukuze ugcwalise noma yimiphi imibhalo edingekayo.

Iyini Iphuzu Eliyinhloko Nge-Swine Flu?

I-Swine flu iyisifo esiphatheka kalula esiphilwa abantu abaningi ngokuphelele ngokunakekelwa okulungile nokuphumula. Nakuba yabangela ukukhathazeka ngesikhathi se-pandemic ka-2009, manje iyisigaba esisodwa se-flu sezinkathi esingasivimbela ngokujova unyaka nonyaka.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyikhumbule ukuthi ukuvimbela yilona thuluzi lakho elihle kakhulu. Ukuthola i-flu shot yakho yonyaka, ukuhlanza izandla zakho kahle, nokuhlala ekhaya uma ugula kunganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yakho yokubamba noma ukusakaza i-swine flu.

Uma ugula, lalela umzimba wakho futhi ungangabazi ukufuna ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha uma ungowomunye walawa maqembu asezinkingeni noma uma izimpawu zakho ziya zibi. Abantu abaningi bazizwa bekhulu kakhulu ngaphakathi kweviki, futhi ngokwelashwa okulungile, izinkinga ezinzima azivamile.

Khumbula ukuthi ukuba ne-swine flu kanye akukwenzi ube nokuvikelwa ekuyitholeni futhi, njengoba ama-virus e-flu ashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Yingakho ukujova unyaka nonyaka kuhlala kubalulekile ekuvikeleni wena nomphakathi wakho.

Imibuzo Evamile Ebuzwayo Nge-Swine Flu

Q.1 Ngikwazi yini ukubamba i-swine flu ngokudla inyama yenkukhu noma ukuba eduze kwezingulube?

Cha, awukwazi ukubamba i-swine flu ngokudla inyama yenkukhu ebilisiwe kahle noma imikhiqizo yenyama yenkukhu. Awukwazi ukuyithola futhi ngokuba eduze kwezingulube. I-H1N1 virus manje isakazeka komunye umuntu ngezintuli zomphefumulo, njenge-flu eqhelekileyo sezinkathi. Igama elithi "swine flu" livela emthonjeni wayo wokuqala ngo-2009, kodwa akusekhoxhunyaniswe nezingulube.

Q.2 Ingabe i-swine flu iyingozi kakhulu kunenyama yenkukhu eqhelekileyo sezinkathi?

Namuhla, i-swine flu ayiyona ingozi kakhulu kunenyama yenkukhu eqhelekileyo sezinkathi. Lapho iqala ukuvela ngo-2009, yabangela ukukhathazeka okukhulu ngoba kwakuyivirus entsha futhi abantu babengenakho ukuvikelwa kuyo. Manje njengoba iyisigaba sezinkathi zethu ze-flu futhi ihlanganiswe ekujovweni konyaka nonyaka, isebenza ngendlela efana nezinye izinhlobo ze-flu ngezingozi nemiphumela efanayo.

Q.3 Ngingatheleleka isikhathi esingakanani nge-swine flu?

Uyatheleleka kakhulu ezinsukwini eziyi-3 kuya kwezi-4 zokugula kwakho, kodwa ungasakaza i-virus kusukela cishe usuku olulodwa ngaphambi kokuba izimpawu ziqale kuze kube izinsuku eziyi-5 kuya kwezi-7 ngemuva kokugula. Abantwana nabantu abane-immune system ebuthakathaka bangase batheleleke isikhathi eside. Kufanele uhlale ekhaya kuze kube yilapho ungenamkhuhlane okungenani amahora angama-24 ngaphandle kokusebenzisa imithi yokunciphisa umkhuhlane.

Q.4 Ingabe i-flu shot eqhelekileyo ivikela kwi-swine flu?

Yebo, i-vaccine ye-flu yonyaka yezinkathi ihlanganisa ukuvikelwa kwi-H1N1 virus ebangela i-swine flu, kanye nezinye izinhlobo ze-flu ezivamile okulindelekile ukuba zisakazeke ngalowo nyaka. Yingakho ukuthola i-flu shot yakho yonyaka kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela i-swine flu. I-vaccine ivuselelwa unyaka nonyaka ukuze ihambisane nezinhlobo ezinezela ukusakazeka ngesikhathi sezinkathi ze-flu ezizayo.

Q.5 Kufanele ngenze njani uma ngicabanga ukuthi ngine-swine flu kodwa ngingakwazi ukubona udokotela ngokushesha?

Gxilisa ekuphumuleni ekhaya: phumula kakhulu, hlala unamanzi, futhi sebenzisa imithi ye-over-the-counter njenge-acetaminophen noma i-ibuprofen ngenxa yomkhuhlane nobuhlungu. Hlola izimpawu zakho ngokucophelela futhi ufunane ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uthola izibonakaliso zezixwayiso njengobunzima bokuqeda umoya, ubuhlungu esifubeni, ukukhathazeka okungapheli, noma ukugabha okukhulu. Abanikeli bezempilo abaningi banikeza futhi ukuxhumana kwe-telehealth okungakusiza ukunquma ukuthi udinga ukunakekelwa yini ngokomuntu siqu.