Ukuthi yini i-Takayasu's Arteritis? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

I-Takayasu's arteritis iyisimo esingavamile lapho i-immune system yakho ihlasela ngephutha imithambo yegazi enkulu emzimbeni wakho, okubangela ukuba ivuvuke futhi icindezeleke. Lolu vuvuko oluqhubekayo lubonakala kakhulu ku-aorta (umthambo omkhulu wegazi emzimbeni wakho) nakwizinye izintambo ezinkulu, ezithwala igazi elicebile nge-oksijini kusuka enhliziyweni yakho kuya kweminye imingcele yomzimba wakho.

Nakuba lesi simo sizwakala sisabisa, ukuqonda ukuthi kwenzekani emzimbeni wakho kungakusiza ukuba uqaphele izimpawu ngokushesha futhi usebenze neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo ukuze lilawulwe kahle. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ngokwelashwa okuqondile, abantu abaningi abane-Takayasu's arteritis bangaphila impilo egcwele, esebenzayo.

Ukuthi yini i-Takayasu's arteritis?

I-Takayasu's arteritis yisifo se-autoimmune esibangela ukuvuvukala emithambweni yegazi enkulu kulo lonke umzimba wakho. I-immune system yakho, evamise ukukuvimbela ekuthelelekeni, ihlukanisa ngephutha izindonga ze-artery ezempilo njengezingozi futhi izihlasela.

Lolu vuvuko oluqhubekayo lwenza izindonga ze-artery zakho zibe zinzima futhi ziqine, kancane kancane zinciphisa indawo lapho igazi ligeleza khona. Cabanga ngayo njengompompo yensimu eba yinkimbinkimbi noma ecindezelwe, inciphisa ukugeleza kwamanzi ezitshalweni zakho.

Lesi simo sivame ukubathinta abesifazane abaneminyaka engama-15 kuya kwengu-40, nakuba singase senzeke kunoma iyiphi iminyaka. Ngakho-ke kubizwa ngokuthi “isifo esingenayo i-pulse” ngoba ukuvuvukala kungenza kube nzima ukuzwa i-pulse ezandleni zakho ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa komzimba.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-Takayasu's arteritis?

Izimpawu ze-Takayasu's arteritis zivame ukuvela ezigabeni ezimbili, futhi ukuzazi ngokushesha kungenza umehluko omkhulu emiphumeleni yakho yokwelashwa. Abantu abaningi abaziqondi izimpawu zabo ezihlobene nesimo esisodwa ekuqaleni.

Phakathi nesigaba sokuqala sokuvuvukala, ungase ube nezinto ezilandelayo:

• Ukukhathala okuqhubekayo okungaphuli ngokuphumula
• Ukuthuthumela okuncane okuza nokuya
• Ukushisa ebusuku okunamakha okunamakha
• Ukwehliswa kwesisindo okungachazwanga ezinyangeni ezimbalwa
• Ubuhlungu bemisipha namalunga kulo lonke umzimba wakho
• Ukuzizwa ngokujwayelekile ukungaphili kahle noma ukukhathala

Lezi zimpawu zokuqala zingase zibe njengokulwa ne-influenza eqhubekayo engapheli. Abantu abaningi baqala becabanga ukuthi bacindezelekile noma basebenza kakhulu.

Njengoba isimo siqhubeka futhi imithambo yegazi icindezeleka kakhulu, ungase uqaphele:

• Ubuhlungu noma ubuthakathaka bezandla, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi somsebenzi womzimba
• Ukufunda okuhlukile kwezinga lokucindezela kwegazi phakathi kwezandla zakho
• I-pulse ebuthakathaka noma engenayo ezandleni zakho
• Ukukhungatheka noma ukukhanya ekhanda uma umi
• Izinhlungu zikhanda ezihluke kunezinto zakho ezivamile
• Ukushintsha kokubona noma ukubona okuphazamisekile
• Ubuhlungu esifubeni noma ukuphefumula okunzima
• Izandla noma iminwe ebandayo eguqula umbala

Abanye abantu nabo baye baba nezimpawu ezingavamile kodwa ezingathi sína njengokulimala okufana nokwesifo sokuqhaqhazela, izinkinga zokukhumbula, noma ukucindezela kwegazi okuphezulu kakhulu. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho ukugeleza kwegazi emithambweni ebalulekile kunciphisiwe kakhulu.

Yini ebangela i-Takayasu's arteritis?

Imbangela eqondile ye-Takayasu's arteritis ayiqondakali ngokuphelele, kodwa abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ivela ekuhlanganiseni izici ze-genetic nezici zemvelo. I-immune system yakho idlala indima ebalulekile kule nqubo.

Ososayensi bacabanga ukuthi ukuguquguquka okuthile kwe-genetic kungenza abanye abantu babe sengozini enkulu yokuthuthukisa lesi simo. Noma kunjalo, ukuba nalezi zici ze-genetic akusho ukuthi uzophula i-Takayasu's arteritis.

Izici zemvelo ezingase ziqalise lesi simo kubantu abane-genetic abathintekayo zihlanganisa:

• Ukutheleleka yi-viral, ikakhulukazi lezo ezithinta imithambo yegazi
• Ukutheleleka yi-bacterial okubangela ukusebenza ngokweqile kwe-immune system
• Ukuvezwa ezinto eziyingozi noma amakhemikhali athile
• Ucindezeleko olukhulu lomzimba noma lwengqondo
• Ukushintsha kwe-hormonal, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokukhula noma ukukhulelwa

Lesi simo kubonakala sikhona kakhulu kubantu base-Asia, ikakhulukazi labo baseJapan, Korea, naseNingizimu-mpumalanga Asia. Noma kunjalo, singathinta abantu banoma yiluphi uhlobo lobuzwe.

Nini okumele ubona udokotela nge-Takayasu's arteritis?

Kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu eziqhubekayo ezingaphuli ngokuphumula noma ngokunakekelwa kwasekhaya okuyisisekelo. Ukuxilongwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi nokwelashwa kungavimbela ukuphazamiseka okukhulu.

Funani ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uqaphela:

• Ukukhathala okungachazwanga okuphephela izinyanga ezingaphezu kwezimbili
• Ukuthuthumela okuncane okuqhubekayo ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacile
• Ukwehliswa kwesisindo esikhulu ongakwazi ukuchaza
• Ubuhlungu noma ubuthakathaka bezandla ngesikhathi semisebenzi evamile
• Ukufunda okuhlukile kwezinga lokucindezela kwegazi phakathi kwezandla zakho
• Izinhlungu zikhanda ezintsha noma ezibi kakhulu
• Ukushintsha kokubona noma ukubona okuphazamisekile

Thola ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okusheshayo ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezinzima eziquka ubuhlungu esifubeni, ukuphefumula okunzima, ukwehluleka kokubona ngokuzumayo, noma izimpawu zokuqhaqhazela ezinjengobunqunu ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba wakho noma ukukhuluma okuthakazelisayo.

Khumbula, izimpawu eziningi zingaba nezinye izimbangela, ngakho-ke zama ukungakhathazeki ngenkathi ulinde i-aphoyintimenti yakho. Okubalulekile ukuhlolwa nokukhathalelwa okuqondile.

Ziyini izici ezingozi ze-Takayasu's arteritis?

Ukuqonda izici zakho ezingozi kungakusiza ukuba uqaphele izimpawu futhi uxhume izinkinga nodokotela wakho. Noma kunjalo, ukuba nezici ezingozi akusho ukuthi uzophula lesi simo.

Izici eziyinhloko ezingozi zihlanganisa:

• Ukuba owesifazane, njengoba abesifazane bathinteka kakhulu kaningana kunamadoda
• Iminyaka engama-15 kuya kwengu-40, nakuba ingase ibe khona kunoma iyiphi iminyaka
• Ubuzwe base-Asia, ikakhulukazi isizwe saseJapan, Korea, noma iNingizimu-mpumalanga Asia
• Umlando womndeni wezifo ze-autoimmune
• Ukutheleleka kwangaphambili okungase kube yimbangela yokushintsha kwe-immune system
• Ukuhlala ezindaweni ezithile lapho lesi simo sivame kakhulu khona

Ezinye izici ezingavamile ezingozi abacwaningi abazifunda zihlanganisa ukuvezwa ezintweni ezithile ezingozi zemvelo, ukutheleleka okuthile yi-viral ngesikhathi sobuntwana, nokuhlushwa ezinye izimo ze-autoimmune.

Kufanele kuqapheleke ukuthi abantu abaningi abanezi zici ezingozi abazange baphulise i-Takayasu's arteritis. Lesi simo sihlala singavamile ngisho nasemaqenjini anezingozi eziphezulu.

Ziyini izinhlanganisela ezingase zenzeke nge-Takayasu's arteritis?

Nakuba izinhlanganisela zingase zibe yisabisa, ukuziqonda kusiza ukuba uqaphele izimpawu zezexwayiso futhi usebenze neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo ukuze uvikele izinkinga ezinzima. Izinhlanganisela eziningi zithuthuka kancane kancane futhi zingalawulwa ngokwelashwa okuqondile.

Izinhlanganisela ezivamile ezingase zenzeke zihlanganisa:

• Ukucindezela kwegazi okuphezulu kusuka emithambweni yegazi ecindezelekile eya emphefumulweni wakho
• Izinkinga zenhliziyo, kuhlanganise inhliziyo enkulu noma ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo
• Ukuqhaqhazela kusuka ekugelezeni kwegazi okunciphisiwe ebuchosheni bakho
• Izinkinga zokubona noma ubuthakathaka bokuqonda kusuka ekugelezeni kwegazi okuncane emehlweni akho
• Ukwenzakala kwemphefumulo kusuka ekugelezeni kwegazi okuncane
• I-claudication yesandla, lapho izandla zakho zikhathala ngokushesha ngesikhathi zisetshenziswa

Izinhlanganisela ezingavamile kodwa ezinzima zingase zihlanganise:

• I-Aortic aneurysm, lapho umthambo wakho omkhulu wegazi uqhuma futhi ubuthakathaka
• Ukutheleleka kwenhliziyo kusuka emithambweni yegazi evaliwe
• Izinkinga ezinzima zokukhumbula noma ukucabanga
• Ukuvalwa okuphelele kwemithambo yegazi enkulu okudinga ukuhlinzwa okusheshayo

Izindaba ezikhuthazayo ukuthi ukuxilongwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi nokwelashwa okuqhubekayo kungavimbela izinhlanganisela eziningi. Ukulandelela okuvamile kusiza iqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo ukubamba izinkinga ngaphambi kokuba zibe nzima.

I-Takayasu's arteritis ixilongwa kanjani?

Ukuxilongwa kwe-Takayasu's arteritis kungathatha isikhathi ngoba izimpawu zayo zihambisana nezinye izimo eziningi. Udokotela wakho uzosebenzisa ukuhlanganiswa kokuhlolwa komzimba, ukuhlolwa kwegazi, nokufunda izithombe ukuze enze ukuxilongwa okuqondile.

Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa komzimba wakho, udokotela wakho uzohlola i-pulse yakho ezindaweni ezahlukene futhi afake ukucindezela kwegazi ezandleni zombili. Uzolalela inhliziyo yakho nemithambo yegazi enkulu nge-stethoscope, efuna imisindo engavamile ebonisa imithambo yegazi ecindezelekile.

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi udokotela wakho angase aku-odele kuhlanganisa:

• Izimpawu zokuvuvukala ezinjenge-ESR ne-CRP ukuze zilinganise amazinga okuvuvukala
• Ukubalwa kwegazi okuphelele ukuze uhlole i-anemia noma ukushintsha kwegazi okunye
• Izimpawu ze-autoimmune ukuze ukhale izimo ezinye
• Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwemphefumulo ukuze uhlole ukonakala komzimba

Ukufunda izithombe kusiza udokotela wakho ukubona isimo semithambo yakho yegazi:

• I-CT angiography yenza izithombe eziningi zemithambo yakho yegazi
• I-MR angiography isebenzisa ama-magnetic fields ukuze ibone imithambo yegazi
• I-Ultrasound ingabonisa ukugeleza kwegazi nokuqina kwedonga le-artery
• I-PET scans ingathola ukuvuvukala okusebenzayo emithambweni yegazi

Udokotela wakho angase futhi enze i-angiography, lapho i-contrast dye isetshenziswa emithambweni yakho yegazi ukuze enze izithombe ze-X-ray eziningi. Lolu viwo ngokuvamile lugcinelwe izimo lapho ezinye izithombe zingacaci ngokwanele.

Ukwelashwa kwe-Takayasu's arteritis kuyini?

Ukwelashwa kwe-Takayasu's arteritis kugxile ekulawuleni ukuvuvukala, ukuvimbela ukonakala komthambo wegazi okuqhubekayo, nokulawula izinhlanganisela. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi eminingi yokwelashwa okuphumelelayo iyatholakala, futhi abantu abaningi bayaphendula kahle ekwelapheni.

Uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa luzohlanganisa imithi ukuze ulawule ukuvuvukala:

• I-Corticosteroids efana ne-prednisone ukuze inciphisa ukuvuvukala ngokushesha
• I-Methotrexate noma ezinye izidakamizwa ze-immunosuppressive zokulawula isikhathi eside
• Imithi ye-Biologic efana ne-TNF inhibitors ezimweni ezinzima
• Imithi yokucindezela kwegazi ukuze ivikele inhliziyo yakho nemphefumulo yakho
• Imithi yokuncipha kwegazi uma usengozini yokuthrombosis

Kwezinye izimo, ungase udinga izinqubo zokubuyisela ukugeleza kwegazi:

• I-Angioplasty ukuvula imithambo yegazi ecindezelekile
• Ukubekwa kwe-Stent ukuze ugcine imithambo yegazi ivuliwe
• Ukuhlinzwa kwe-Bypass ukuqondisa igazi ngaphandle kwemithambo yegazi evaliwe
• Ukulungiswa okuhlinzwa kwezingxenye zemithambo yegazi eyonakele

Iqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo lizokulandela njalo ngokuhlolwa kwegazi nokufunda izithombe ukuze libone ukuthi ukwelashwa kusebenza kahle kangakanani. Abantu abaningi badinga ukuqhubeka nokwelashwa okuthile isikhathi eside ukuze bavimbele ukubuyela emuva.

Ukuthi ungayilawula kanjani i-Takayasu's arteritis ekhaya?

Ukulawula i-Takayasu's arteritis ekhaya kuhlanganisa ukwenza izinqumo zokuphila ezisekela impilo yakho yonke futhi usebenze kanye nokwelashwa kwakho kwezokwelapha. Imikhuba yansuku zonke encane ingenza umehluko obalulekile endleleni ozizwa ngayo.

Gxilisa amehlo akho ekukhetheni impilo enempilo yenhliziyo:

• Dla ukudla okulinganiselayo okugcwele izithelo, imifino, nama-grain aphelele
• Limita ukudla okunosawoti ukuze ulawule ukucindezela kwegazi
• Zivocavoca njalo njengoba kuvunyelwe udokotela wakho
• Gcina isisindo esinempilo ukuze unciphise ukucindezela enhliziyweni yakho
• Ungabhemi, njengoba kungenza ukonakala komthambo wegazi kube kubi kakhulu
• Limita ukusetshenziswa kotshwala

Ukulawula ukucindezeleka nokukhathala kubaluleke kakhulu:

• Thola ubuthongo obanele, uqonde amahora angu-7-9 ebusuku
• Sebenzisa amasu okuqeda ukucindezeleka njengokucamngca noma ukuphefumula okujulile
• Zithathe isikhathi futhi uphumule uma uzizwa ukhathele
• Hlala uxhumene nomndeni wakho nabangane abasekelayo
• Cabanga ukujoyina iqembu loxhaso lwabantu abanezimo ezifanayo

Landelela izimpawu zakho futhi ugcine umbhalo wanoma yikuphi ukushintsha. Lolu lwazi lusiza iqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo ukulungisa ukwelashwa kwakho njengoba kudingeka.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani i-aphoyintimenti yakho nodokotela?

Ukulungiselela i-aphoyintimenti yakho kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola okuningi esikhathini sakho nodokotela wakho. Ukulungiselela okuhle kungasiza futhi kunciphisa ukukhathazeka ngokuxoxa ngezimpawu zakho.

Ngaphambi kwe-aphoyintimenti yakho, bhala phansi:

• Zonke izimpawu zakho, kuhlanganise nokuthi zaqala nini nokuthi yini ezenza zibe ngcono noma zibe zimbi
• Uhlu oluphelele lwemithi, izithasiselo, nama-vitamin owathathayo
• Umlando wakho womndeni wezokwelapha, ikakhulukazi izifo ze-autoimmune
• Ukutheleleka kwamuva, izehlakalo ezinzima, noma ukushintsha okukhulu kokuphila
• Imibuzo ofuna ukuyibuza udokotela wakho

Letha izinto ezibalulekile nawe:

• Amakhadi e-Insurance nokubonakala
• Uhlu lwabanye odokotela obake wabona ngalezi zimpawu
• Noma yimiphi imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwangaphambili noma amarekhodi ezokwelapha
• Ulungu oluthenjwayo lomndeni noma umngane wokusekela

Unganqikazi ukubuza imibuzo ngesikhathi se-aphoyintimenti yakho. Udokotela wakho ufuna ukukusiza uqonde isimo sakho nezindlela zokwelashwa.

Iyini into ebaluleke kakhulu nge-Takayasu's arteritis?

I-Takayasu's arteritis iyisimo esilawuleka uma sixilongwa ngokushesha futhi silashwe ngokufanele. Nakuba kuyisifo esinzima se-autoimmune esidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okuqhubekayo, abantu abaningi abanesimo esinjalo baphila impilo egcwele, esebenzayo.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyikhumbule ukuthi ukuqaphela izimpawu ngokushesha nokufuna ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha kungavimbela ukuphazamiseka okukhulu. Uma uhlangabezana nokukhathala okuqhubekayo, izimpawu ezingachazwanga, noma ukushintsha kokuzizwa komzimba wakho, unganqikazi ukuxoxa nazo nodokotela wakho.

Ukusebenza eduze neqembu lakho lezokwelapha, ukuthatha imithi njengoba kuqokiwe, nokwenza izinqumo zokuphila ezempilo konke kuhlanganyela emiphumeleni emihle. Khumbula ukuthi ukulawula isimo esingapheli kuyimigijimi, hhayi ukugijima, futhi ukuba neqembu loxhaso oluqinile kwenza uhambo lube lula.

Imibuzo evamile ebuzwa nge-Takayasu's arteritis

Ingase iphiliswe yini i-Takayasu's arteritis?

Okwamanje, ayikho impilo ye-Takayasu's arteritis, kodwa ingalawulwa kahle ngokwelashwa okuqondile. Abantu abaningi bafinyelela ekuphumuleni, lapho isifo siyeka khona futhi izimpawu ziphucuka kakhulu. Ngokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okuqhubekayo nokulawulwa kokuphila, abantu abaningi bangagcina impilo enhle futhi bavimbele ukuphazamiseka okukhulu.

Ingabe i-Takayasu's arteritis iyadluliselwa?

I-Takayasu's arteritis ayidluliselwa ngqo njengezinye izifo ze-genetic, kodwa kubonakala sengathi kunengxenye ye-genetic ekhuphula ubungozi. Ukuba nelungu lomndeni elinesimo noma ezinye izifo ze-autoimmune kungase kukhuphule kancane ubungozi bakho, kodwa abantu abaningi abanezi zici ze-genetic abazange baphulise lesi simo.

Ingabe ukukhulelwa kungathinta i-Takayasu's arteritis?

Ukukhulelwa kungaphathwa kahle kwabesifazane abane-Takayasu's arteritis, kodwa kudinga ukulandelela ngokucophelela kokubili udokotela wakho we-rheumatologist nodokotela wakho we-obstetrician. Ezinye izidakamizwa zingase zidinga ukulungiswa, futhi ukulandelela ukucindezela kwegazi kuba kubaluleke kakhulu. Abesifazane abaningi banokukhulelwa nokukhulelwa okuhle ngokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okuqondile.

Ukwelashwa kwe-Takayasu's arteritis kuhlala isikhathi esingakanani?

Abantu abaningi abane-Takayasu's arteritis badinga ukwelashwa isikhathi eside ukuze bavimbele ukubuyela emuva nokuphazamiseka. Isikhathi esiqondile sihlukahluka kumuntu ngamunye, kodwa abantu abaningi badinga uhlobo oluthile lwemithi iminyaka noma impilo yonke. Udokotela wakho uzohlangana nawe ukuze uthole ukwelashwa okuncane okuphumelelayo okuthiba isimo sakho siqine.

Ingabe ukushintsha kokuphila kungasiza ekulawuleni i-Takayasu's arteritis?

Yebo, izinqumo zokuphila ezempilo zidlalela indima ebalulekile ekulawuleni i-Takayasu's arteritis. Ukusebenza komzimba okuvamile, ukudla okunempilo yenhliziyo, ukulawula ukucindezeleka, nokuqeda ukubhema konke kungasiza ekuthuthukiseni impilo yakho yonke futhi kunganciphisa ukuvuvukala. Noma kunjalo, ukushintsha kokuphila kufanele kuhambisane, kungabi yisikhombisi, sokwelashwa kwakho okuqokiwe kwezokwelapha.