Umgilamkhulu Wethisa? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

Umgilamkhulu wethisa uqala lapho amaseli kwenye noma kokubili izitha zikhuphuka ngokungaphathekile. Nakuba ukuzwa igama elithi "umgilamkhulu" kungase kubangele ukukhathazeka, umgilamkhulu wethisa ungomunye wemigilamkhulu elashwa kalula, ikakhulukazi uma utholakala ngokushesha.

Lolu hlobo lomgilamkhulu luhlale lulimaza amadoda aselula, ngokuvamile phakathi kweminyaka engu-15 no-35. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ngezinketho zokwelapha zanamuhla, izinga lokululama liphezulu kakhulu. Iningi lamadoda athola umgilamkhulu wethisa liqhubeka nokuphila impilo evamile, enempilo.

Umgilamkhulu wethisa yini?

Umgilamkhulu wethisa uqala lapho amaseli avamile ethisini eqala ukushintsha futhi azale ngokungaphathekile. Izitha yizitho ezincane, ezinobumba oluyisigxobo ezitholakala esikhwameni sesikhumba, ngaphansi kwelungu lolumile.

Lezi zitho zinezibopho ezibalulekile - zenza isperm ne-testosterone, uhormoni lwabesilisa. Uma umgilamkhulu uqala lapha, ngokuvamile uqala kumaseli enza isperm, okuthiwa ama-germ cells.

Umgilamkhulu ngokuvamile uqala njengobumba oluncinyane noma indawo eqinile kwenye ithisi. Nakuba lokhu kungase kuzwakale kuyesabekayo, umgilamkhulu wethisa uphendula kahle ekwelapheni, ngezinga lokululama eliphezulu kuka-95% uma utholakala ngokushesha.

Ziyini izimpawu zomugilamkhulu wethisa?

Isinyathelo esivamile yibumba elingenabuhlungu noma ukukhula kwenye ithisi. Ungase uqaphele lokhu ngesikhathi ugeza noma ugqoka - ngokuvamile kuzwakala njengobumba oluncinyane, oluqinile noma ibhola le-marble.

Ake sibheke izimpawu okufanele uzilinde, sikhumbula ukuthi eziningi zalezi zimpawu zingaba nezinye izimbangela futhi:

• Ibumba elingenabuhlungu noma ukukhula kwenye ithisi
• Ukuzwa isisindo esikhwameni sesikhumba
• Ubuhlungu obuthambile esiswini esingezansi noma esiswini
• Ukuqoqwa okungazelelwe kwamanzi esikhwameni sesikhumba
• Ubuhlungu noma ukungakhululeki kwenye ithisi noma esikhwameni sesikhumba
• Ukukhula noma ukubuthakathaka kwethisi
• Ubuhlungu emhlane (uma umgilamkhulu usuvele usakazeke)

Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi umgilamkhulu wethisa awuvamile ukubangela ubuhlungu obukhulu ekuqaleni. Amadoda amaningi achaza ukuzwa njengobunxilisayo noma ukuzwa isisindo kunokuba ubuhlungu obukhulu.

Amanye amadoda abona futhi ukushintsha endaweni yesifuba, njengokukhula noma ukubuthakathaka kwethisi. Lokhu kwenzeka ngoba izinhlobo ezithile zomugilamkhulu wethisa zingenza ama-hormone athinta ezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

Ziyini izinhlobo zomugilamkhulu wethisa?

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zomugilamkhulu wethisa, futhi ukwazi ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo olukuyo kusiza udokotela wakho ukuba ahlele indlela yokwelapha engcono kakhulu. Zombili izinhlobo zilashwa kalula, kodwa zihamba kancane ngendlela ehlukile.

Uhlobo lokuqala lubizwa ngokuthi i-seminoma, oluvame ukukhula kancane futhi ngokuvamile lulimaza amadoda aseminyaka engu-30 no-40. Le migilamkhulu inobunzima ngokukhethekile ekwelapheni ngomgogodla, okwenza kube lula ukuwelapha ezimweni eziningi.

Uhlobo lwesibili yi-non-seminoma, oluhlanganisa izinhlobo eziningi futhi ngokuvamile lulimaza amadoda aselula aseminyaka yobusha, ama-20s, nama-30s okuqala. Le migilamkhulu ngokuvamile ikhula ngokushesha kune-seminomas kodwa iphendula kahle kakhulu ekwelapheni nge-chemotherapy.

Ngezinye izikhathi, i-tumor ingaba nezinhlobo zombili zamaseli, abaguli ababiza ngokuthi i-mixed germ cell tumor. Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lizokunquma ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo olukuyo ngokuhlola okucophelelayo, njengoba lokhu kuqondisa uhlelo lwakho lokwelapha.

Yini ebangela umgilamkhulu wethisa?

Imbangela eqondile yomugilamkhulu wethisa ayiqondakali ngokuphelele, kodwa abacwaningi baye baqaphela izinto eziningi ezingase zikhulise ingozi. Iningi lamacala liqala ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacile, ngakho kubalulekile ukungazisola uma ubhekene naleli cala.

Izinto eziningi zingase zifake isandla ekukhuleni komgilamkhulu wethisa:

• Ithisi engaphumi (cryptorchidism) - lapho ithisi elilodwa noma kokubili zingaphumi esikhwameni sesikhumba ngaphambi kokuzalwa
• Umlando womndeni womugilamkhulu wethisa
• Umgilamkhulu wethisa wangaphambili kwenye ithisi
• Ukukhula okungavamile kwethisi
• I-Klinefelter syndrome (isimo se-genetic)
• Ukutheleleka yi-HIV
• Uhlanga nobuzwe (kuvamile kakhulu kumadoda amhlophe)

Ukuba nethisi engaphumi yiyona ingozi enkulu ezaziwayo. Ngisho noma kwenziwe ukuhlinzwa ukuhambisa ithisi endaweni efanele, ingozi ihlala iphezulu kunokujwayelekile.

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ukuba nezinto ezikhuthaza ingozi akusho ukuthi uzoba nomgilamkhulu ngokuqinisekile. Amadoda amaningi anezingozi awazutholi umgilamkhulu wethisa, kanti amanye angenazo izingozi ezaziwayo azuthola.

Kufanele ubone nini udokotela ngezinkinga zethisi?

Kufanele ubone udokotela uma uqaphela noma yikuphi ukushintsha okungavamile ethisini lakho, ngisho noma kungabangeli ubuhlungu. Ukutholakala ngokushesha kwenza ukwelapha kube nomphumela omuhle futhi kube lula.

Hlela i-aphoyintimenti uma uhlangabezana nanoma yikuphi ukushintsha okuphilayo okungaphezu kwamasonto amabili. Ungalindi izimpawu zibe zimbi noma zibe buhlungu - umgilamkhulu wethisa ngokuvamile awubangeli ubuhlungu obukhulu ezingxenyeni zokuqala.

Xhumana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha uma uqaphela ibumba eliqinile, ukukhula okungapheli, noma noma yikuphi ukungakhululeki okuphilayo ethisini lakho noma esikhwameni sesikhumba. Xhumana nabo uma uhlangabezana nobuhlungu obukhulu, obukhulu ethisini lakho, njengoba lokhu kungase kubonise isimo esiphuthumayo esihlukile.

Khumbula, iningi lezimpawu zethisi nezinguquko azilona umgilamkhulu. Izimo ezinjengokutheleleka, ama-cysts, noma ukulimala zingabangela izimpawu ezifanayo. Noma kunjalo, kuphela ochwepheshe bezokwelapha abangahlola kahle lezi zinguquko futhi banikeze ukuzola.

Ziyini izingozi zomugilamkhulu wethisa?

Ukuqonda izingozi kungakusiza uhlale uqaphele impilo yakho, kodwa khumbula ukuthi iningi lamadoda anezingozi aliwutholi umgilamkhulu wethisa. Lezi zinto zibonisa nje ukuthi ungase uzuze ngokuba ophilayo ngokuhlola okuzenzakalelayo kwethisi.

Nawa ama-risk factors amakhulu abaguli abaye bawabona:

• Ubudala (kuvamile kakhulu kumadoda aseminyaka engu-15-35)
• Ithisi engaphumi, ngisho noma ilungisiwe ngokuhlinzwa
• Umlando womndeni, ikakhulukazi kubazali noma abafowabo
• Umlando womuntu siqu womugilamkhulu wethisa
• Uhlanga (ingozi enkulu kumadoda amhlophe)
• Ukungaqali noma ukukhula okungavamile kwesperm
• Ukutheleleka yi-HIV
• Izimo ezithile ze-genetic ezinjenge-Klinefelter syndrome

Ubudala buyinye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu - umgilamkhulu wethisa unephethini ekhethekile lapho ufinyelela khona emadodeni aselula, ngokungafani nezinye izifo eziningi eziba khona kakhulu njengoba ubudala bukhula.

Uma unezingozi eziningi, ungakhathazeki. Kunalokho, sebenzisa lolu lwazi ukuze uhlale uqaphile ngempilo yakho ngokuhlola okuzenzakalelayo okuvamile nokuxhumana okuvulekile nodokotela wakho.

Ziyini izinhlanganisela ezingase zenzeke zomugilamkhulu wethisa?

Uma utholakala ngokushesha, umgilamkhulu wethisa awuvamile ukubangela izinhlanganisela ezinkulu. Noma kunjalo, ukuqonda izinkinga ezingase zenzeke kungakusiza uqonde ukuthi kungani ukwelapha okusheshayo kubalulekile kangaka.

Ukukhathazeka okukhulu ukuthi umgilamkhulu ungasakazeka kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba uma ungalashwa. Nansi into okufanele uyazi ngezinhlanganisela ezingase zenzeke:

• Ukusazeka kuma-lymph nodes aseduze esiswini
• Ukusazeka emaphaphwini noma e-liver ezimweni eziphambili
• Izinkinga zokuzala ngenxa yomugilamkhulu noma ukwelapha
• Ukungahlangani kahle kwama-hormone uma zombili izitha zithinteka
• Imiphumela yengqondo nomzwelo
• Okungavamile: Umgilamkhulu wesibili ngenxa yokwelapha (okungavamile kakhulu)

Izinkathazo zokuzala ngokuvamile zikhathaza amadoda kakhulu. Nakuba umgilamkhulu wethisa nokwelapha kwakhe kungathinta ukubala, amadoda amaningi azala abantwana ngemva kokwelapha. Udokotela wakho angaxoxa ngezinketho zokulondoloza ukubala ngaphambi kokuba ukwelapha kuqale.

Umphumela womzwelo awufanele uhlale ukhona. Ukubhekana nomgilamkhulu ebuntwaneni kungase kuzwakale kuyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa amaqembu wokusekela nokwelulekwa kungenza umehluko omkhulu ehambweni lakho.

Umgilamkhulu wethisa utholakala kanjani?

Ukuthola umgilamkhulu wethisa ngokuvamile kuqala ngokuhlolwa komzimba bese kuqhubeka ngezilingo ezilula. Udokotela wakho uzofuna ukukhipha ezinye izimo futhi anqume uhlobo oluqondile nesigaba somgilamkhulu uma kukhona.

Inkqubo yokuhlola ngokuvamile iqala ngodokotela wakho ehlola izitha zakho, ezwa amabumba, ukukhula, noma ezinye izinguquko. Bazohlola futhi isisu sakho nesifuba ukuze babone izimpawu zokuthi umgilamkhulu ungase usakazeke.

Izivivinyo zegazi zizalandela, zibheka amamaki athile aboniswa yi-testicular cancers. Lezi zibonisi, ebizwa nge-AFP, i-HCG, ne-LDH, zingasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuxilongwa nasekulandeleleni ukuthi ukwelapha kusebenza kahle kangakanani.

I-ultrasound yesikhwame sakho sesikhumba inikeza izithombe eziningi zethisi yakho. Lolu hlolo olungenabuhlungu lungabonisa ukuthi ibumba liqinile (okuvamile ukuba umgilamkhulu) noma ligcwele amanzi (okuvamile ukuba yi-cyst).

Uma lezi zilingo zikhomba umgilamkhulu, cishe uzodinga i-CT scan yesifuba sakho, isisu, ne-pelvis. Lokhu kusiza ekuqondeni ukuthi umgilamkhulu usuvele usakazeke kuma-lymph nodes noma kwezinye izitho, okuqondisa uhlelo lwakho lokwelapha.

Yini ukwelapha komgilamkhulu wethisa?

Ukwelapha umgilamkhulu wethisa kunomphumela omuhle kakhulu, ngezinga lokululama eliphezulu kuka-95% ezimweni eziningi. Indlela ethile ixhomeke kuhlobo lomgilamkhulu, isigaba salo, nempilo yakho yonke, kodwa qiniseka ukuthi kunezindlela ezinhle ezikhona.

Ukuhlinzwa cishe kuyisinyathelo sokuqala, okuhlanganisa ukususa ithisi ethintekile ngenqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-radical inguinal orchiectomy. Lokhu kungase kuzwakale kuyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa ukususa ithisi yonke kuqinisekisa ukuthi wonke amaseli omgilamkhulu asusiwe futhi akwenzi ukushintsha okukhulu ekukhiqizweni kwama-hormone noma ekuzaleni uma enye ithisi iphilile.

Ngemva kokuhlinzwa, iqembu lakho lokwelapha lizonquma ukuthi ingabe kukhona ukwelapha okwengeziwe okudingekayo. Ngomugilamkhulu wokuqala, ungase uthole ukwelapha ngomgogodla kuma-lymph nodes aseduze. Lokhu ukwelapha kunomphumela omuhle kakhulu futhi ngokuvamile kuhlanganisa izikhathi zansuku zonke amasonto ambalwa.

Ngo-non-seminomas nezimbangela eziphambili, i-chemotherapy ivame ukunconywa. Ukuhlanganiswa okuvamile kubizwa nge-BEP (bleomycin, etoposide, ne-cisplatin), enezilinganiso zomphumela omuhle. Iningi lamadoda libekezelela i-chemotherapy kahle, nakuba ungase ube nokhathazeka, isicanucanu, noma ezinye iziphumo ezingalindelekile.

Ngezinye izikhathi, ikakhulukazi ngomugilamkhulu wokuqala, udokotela wakho angase ancome ukulinda okusebenzayo esikhundleni sokwelapha okwengeziwe ngokushesha. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukulandelela okuvamile ngezivivinyo zegazi nezithombe ukuze ubone noma yikuphi ukushintsha ngokushesha.

Ungaziphatha kanjani izimpawu ekhaya ngesikhathi sokwelapha?

Ukuphatha iziphumo ezingalindelekile ekhaya kungakusiza uzizwe ukhululekile ngesikhathi sokwelapha. Izindlela ezilula zingenza umehluko omkhulu empilweni yakho yansuku zonke ngesikhathi umzimba wakho uphilisa.

Ngemva kokuhlinzwa, kuzodingeka uthathe isikhathi sokuphumula izinsuku ezimbalwa. Faka ama-ice packs ukunciphisa ukukhula, gqoka izingubo ezisekelayo, futhi uqaphele ukuphakamisa izinto ezisindayo cishe isonto elilodwa. Iningi lamadoda libuyela emisebenzini evamile phakathi kwamasonto angu-2-3.

Uma uthola i-chemotherapy, ukuhlala uqinisile kubalulekile. Phuza amanzi amaningi usuku lonke, dle ukudla okuncane okuvamile uma une-nausea, futhi ungangabazi ukusebenzisa imithi yokulwa ne-nausea udokotela wakho ayibhalile.

Ukhathazeka kuvamile ngesikhathi sokwelapha, ngakho-ke lalela umzimba wakho uphumule uma kudingeka. Ukuzivocavoca okulula njengokuhamba kungasiza ekuqinisiseni amazinga wakho kwamandla, kodwa gwema ukuzivocavoca okukhulu kuze kube yilapho udokotela wakho enikeza imvume.

Gcina umbhalo wanoma yiziphi izimpawu noma iziphumo ezingalindelekile ozibona. Lolu lwazi lusiza iqembu lakho lezokwelapha ukulungisa uhlelo lwakho lokwelapha uma kudingeka futhi kuqinisekise ukuthi uthola ukunakekelwa okuhle kakhulu.

Kufanele uzilungiselele kanjani i-aphoyintimenti yakho nodokotela?

Ukulungiselela i-aphoyintimenti yakho kungakusiza uthole okuningi ngesikhathi sakho nodokotela futhi kuqinisekise ukuthi zonke izinkathazo zakho zixazululwe. Ukulungiselela kancane kuhamba ibanga elikhulu ekusikweni uzizwe uqinile futhi ulwazi.

Bhala zonke izimpawu zakho, kufaka phakathi ukuthi zaqala nini nokuthi zishintshe kanjani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Faka imininingwane mayelana namazinga obuhlungu, noma yimaphi amabumba owaqaphela, nokuthi lezi zinkinga zithinta kanjani impilo yakho yansuku zonke.

Letha uhlu lwezidakamizwa zonke ozithathayo, kufaka phakathi imithi yezokwelapha nezinye izinto. Buye uqoqe ulwazi mayelana nomlando womndeni wakho wezokwelapha, ikakhulukazi noma yimiphi imigilamkhulu ebekhona kubantu bakini.

Lungiselela uhlu lwemibuzo ofuna ukuyibuza. Ungakhathazeki ngokuzwakala ungalwazi - udokotela wakho ufuna ukukusiza uqonde isimo sakho ngokuphelele. Cabanga ngokuletha umngani noma ilungu lomndeni omethembayo ukuze uthole ukusekelwa futhi ukhumbule ulwazi olubalulekile.

Cabanga ngezinkathazo zakho ngaphandle kwezinto zezokwelapha futhi. Imibuzo mayelana nokuzala, umsebenzi wobulili, umsebenzi, nobuhlobo konke kuyizinto ezifanele futhi ezibalulekile ekunakekelweni kwakho.

Iyini into ebaluleke kakhulu ngomugilamkhulu wethisa?

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyikhumbule ukuthi umgilamkhulu wethisa ulashwa kalula, ikakhulukazi uma utholakala ngokushesha. Nakuba ukuxilongwa komgilamkhulu kungelula, lolu hlobo oluthile lunenye yeziprognosis ezinhle kakhulu kunayo yonke imigilamkhulu.

Ukuhlola okuzenzakalelayo okuvamile yilona khona ukusivikela okuhle kakhulu - yazi ukuthi izitha zakho zizizwa kanjani ngokujwayelekile ukuze ukwazi ukuqaphela izinguquko ngokushesha. Iningi lamadoda athola umgilamkhulu wethisa liqhubeka nokuphila impilo evamile, kufaka phakathi ukuba nemindeni nokufuna imigomo yawo.

Ungavumeli ukwesaba kukuvimbe ekuthola ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha uma uqaphela into engavamile. Ukutholakala ngokushesha kwenza umehluko omkhulu empumelelweni yokwelapha nokunciphisa ubukhulu bokwelapha okudingekayo.

Khumbula ukuthi ukuba nomgilamkhulu wethisa akukukhombi - kuyinselele nje ongayinqoba ngokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okufanele nokusekelwa abathandekayo bakho.

Imibuzo evamile ebuzwayo ngomugilamkhulu wethisa

Umgilamkhulu wethisa ungavikeleka yini?

Ngeshwa, ayikho indlela eqinisekisiwe yokuvimbela umgilamkhulu wethisa njengoba iningi lamacala liqala ngaphandle kwezizathu ezaziwayo. Noma kunjalo, ukuhlola okuzenzakalelayo okuvamile kungasiza ekutholakaleni kwakhe ngokushesha lapho ukwelapha kunomphumela omuhle kakhulu. Uma unezingozi ezinjengethisi engaphumi, ukuhlala uqaphile ngezinguquko nokugcina ukuhlola okuvamile nodokotela wakho yilona khona isu lakho elihle kakhulu.

Ngingakwazi yini ukuba nabantwana ngemva kokwelapha umgilamkhulu wethisa?

Amadoda amaningi azala abantwana ngempumelelo ngemva kokwelapha umgilamkhulu wethisa. Uma ukhathazekile ngokuzala, xoxa nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuba ukwelapha kuqale. Ithisi enempilo ingakhiqiza isperm nama-hormone anele ngokusebenza okujwayelekile, futhi ukubala kuvame ukubuyela ngisho nangemva kwe-chemotherapy, nakuba kungase kudingeke isikhathi esithile.

Kufanele ngenze kaningi kangakanani ukuhlola okuzenzakalelayo kwethisi?

Odokotela abaningi bancoma ukwenza ukuhlola okuzenzakalelayo kwethisi kanye ngenyanga, ngokukhethekile ngemva kokugeza okufudumele noma ukugqoka lapho isikhumba sesikhwame sesikhumba siphumule. Isikhathi esihle kakhulu singesikhathi noma ngemva kokuba uqale ukuqala ukuba yisilisa kuze kube seminyakeni yobudala. Uma uqaphela noma yikuphi ukushintsha, amabumba, noma imizwa engavamile, xhumana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha kunokulinda ukuhlolwa kwakho okulandelayo oluhleliwe.

Umgilamkhulu wethisa ubuhlungu yini?

Umgilamkhulu wethisa ngokuvamile awubangeli ubuhlungu obukhulu ezingxenyeni zokuqala, yingakho amadoda amaningi ehlala elibalekela ukufuna ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha. Ungase uzwe ubuhlungu obuthambile, isisindo, noma ukungakhululeki, kodwa ubuhlungu obukhulu abuvamile. Ungalindi ubuhlungu bukhule - noma yimaphi amabumba angavamile, ukukhula, noma izinguquko ethisini lakho kudinga ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha.

Ziyini iziphumo zesikhathi eside zokwelapha umgilamkhulu wethisa?

Iningi lamadoda alihlangabezani nanoma yiziphi iziphumo ezinkulu zesikhathi eside ngemva kokwelapha umgilamkhulu wethisa. Abanye bangase babe nezinguquko zesikhashana noma ezingapheli zokuzala, futhi ngokungavamile, amadoda athola i-chemotherapy angase abe nengozi enkulu yezinkinga zenhliziyo noma imigilamkhulu yesibili eminyakeni eminingi kamuva. Noma kunjalo, lezi zingozi ngokuvamile ziphansi, futhi iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lizolandelela impilo yakho isikhathi eside ukuze libone noma yiziphi izinkinga ngokushesha. Iningi labo abaphila ngemva komgilamkhulu wethisa liphila impilo evamile, enempilo.