Ukuthi yini iTetanus? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, & Ukwelashwa

ITetanus yisifo esibi kakhulu esibangelwa yibhaktheriya esithinta uhlelo lwakho lwezinzwa, sibangela ukubamba okubuhlungu kwemisipha emzimbeni wakho wonke. Ibhaktheriya ebangela i-tetanus ihlala emhlabathini, uthuli, nasezindlini zezilwane, futhi ingangena emzimbeni wakho ngezinhlungu, amanxeba, noma ukwephulwa kwesikhumba sakho.

Nakuba i-tetanus ingase ibukeke iyesabekayo, ivinjelwa ngokuphelele ngokuqiniswa okuqondile. Ukuqonda ukuthi isebenza kanjani nokuthi yini okufanele uyilindele kungakusiza uhlale uvilikile futhi wazi ukuthi nini kufanele ufune ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha.

Iyini i-tetanus?

ITetanus kwenzeka lapho ibhaktheriya ebizwa nge-Clostridium tetani ingena emzimbeni wakho ngenxeba futhi ikhiqize i-toxin enamandla. Le toxin ihlasela uhlelo lwakho lwezinzwa, ikakhulukazi ihlose izinzwa eziqondisa imisipha yakho.

Ibhaktheriya ikhula ezindaweni ezingenayo i-oksijini, kungakho amanxeba okuphunga okujulile ayingozi kakhulu. Uma isesimweni sakho, ikhipha ama-toxins abangela imisipha yakho ukuba iqiniswe ngamandla futhi ngokungenakulawuleka.

Lesi simo sithola igama lesidlaliso elithi "lockjaw" ngoba kuvame ukubangela ukubamba okukhulu kwemisipha emaxatheni nasezintamini kuqala. Noma kunjalo, i-tetanus ingathinta imisipha emzimbeni wakho wonke, okwenza kube yiphuthuma lokwelapha elidinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-tetanus?

Izimpawu ze-tetanus zivame ukuvela phakathi kwezinsuku eziyi-3 kuya kweziyi-21 ngemuva kokutheleleka, nakuba ngezinye izikhathi zingase zivele noma kuphi kusukela ngosuku olulodwa kuya ezinyangeni eziningi kamuva. Ukuqonda ukuthi inxeba liseduze kangakanani nohlelo lwakho oluphakathi lwezinzwa, izimpawu zivame ukuthuthuka ngokushesha.

Nazi izimpawu eziyinhloko ongazihlangabezana nazo, uqale ngezivamile kakhulu:

• Ukuqina kwamaxatheni nobunzima bokuvula umlomo (lockjaw)
• Ukubamba kwemisipha entanyeni, okwenza kube nzima ukugwinya
• Ukuqina kwemisipha yesisu
• Ukubamba okubuhlungu kwemisipha emzimbeni wakho wonke okungathatha imizuzu eminingana
• Ukuqina komzimba nokukhipha izingqondo
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kanye nesivinini sokubetha kwenhliziyo
• Ubuhlungu ekhanda nokuthukuthela

Ukubamba kwemisipha kungase kubangelwe izinto ezincane njengokukhala okuzwakalayo, ukukhanya okukhulu, noma ukushaya okuthambile. Lokhu kubamba kuvame ukuba buhlungu kakhulu futhi kungaba namandla okwanele okubangela ukuphazamiseka kwamafu emikhakheni enzima.

Ezimeni ezingavamile, abanye abantu bathuthukisa i-tetanus yendawo, lapho ukubamba kwemisipha kwenzeka kuphela eduze nendawo yenxeba. Le fomu ivame ukuba mncane futhi inethemba elihle kune-tetanus ejwayelekile.

Yini ebangela i-tetanus?

ITetanus ibangelwa yibhaktheriya ye-Clostridium tetani, evame ukutholakala emhlabathini, uthuli, ezinhlanzini zezilwane, nasezindaweni zethusi eziqandayo. Lezi bhaktheriya zenza ama-spores angaphila ezimweni ezinzima iminyaka eminingi.

Ibhaktheriya ingangena emzimbeni wakho ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zamanxeba nokulimala:

• Amanxeba okuphunga okujulile avela ezinzipeni, izimpini, noma eziqeshini
• Ukusika okuvela ezintweni ezingcolile noma eziqandayo
• Ukushisa, ikakhulukazi lokho okuthunyelwe ngomgqomo noma udoti
• Ukulimala kokucindezela lapho ithusi lilimala khona
• Ukuklabalasa noma ukukhahlela kwezilwane
• Amanxeba okuhlinzwa atholakala
• Ukutholakala kwamazinyo noma izinqubo
• Ukusetshenziswa kwamadwala okuqhakazela ngezimpini ezingcolile

Into ebalulekile ukuthi lezi bhaktheriya zidinga indawo engenayo i-oksijini ukuze zikhule futhi zikhiqize ama-toxins. Kungakho amanxeba okujulile, amncane ayingozi kakhulu, njengoba adala izimo ezifanele zebhaktheriya ye-tetanus ukuze zikhule.

Kufanele kuqaphele ukuthi i-tetanus ayikwazi ukusabalala kumuntu oya komunye. Ungayithola kuphela lapho ibhaktheriya ingena emzimbeni wakho ngqo ngenxeba noma ukwephulwa kwesikhumba sakho.

Kufanele ubona nini udokotela nge-tetanus?

Kufanele ufune ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma une-nxeba elingase libe nethuba lokungena ibhaktheriya ye-tetanus emzimbeni wakho, ikakhulukazi uma ungaqiniseki ngesimo sakho sokuqiniswa. Ungalindi izimpawu ukuthi zivele, njengoba i-tetanus ingavikeleka uma iwelashwa ngokushesha ngemuva kokubekwa.

Xhumana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha uma une:

• Inxeba elijulile lokuphunga, ikakhulukazi okuvela entweni engcolile noma eqandayo
• Inxeba elithunyelwe ngomgqomo, umhlabathi, noma izindlala zezilwane
• Ukushisa okuye kwavulelwa izinto ezingcolile
• Ukuklabalasa noma ukukhahlela kwezilwane
• Inxeba noma yiliphi uma ishothi lakho lokugcina le-tetanus lalingaphezu kweminyaka eyi-5-10 edlule

Funani ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ze-tetanus, njengokuthi ukuqina kwamaxatheni, ubunzima bokuginya, noma ukubamba kwemisipha. Ukwelashwa kwangoko kungasindisa impilo futhi kusize ukuvimbela ukuphazamiseka okukhulu.

Khumbula, kungcono njalo ukuba oqaphile ngokunakekelwa kwamanxeba. Ngisho nokusika okuncane kungase kube nethuba lokuholela e-tetanus uma kuthunyelwe futhi awuqiniswanga kahle.

Ziyini izinto ezingaba yingozi ze-tetanus?

Ubungozi bakho bokuthuthukisa i-tetanus kuncike ikakhulu ekuqinisweni kwakho kanye nohlobo lwenxeba olinayo. Abantu abangenawo ukuqiniswa noma abangazange bathole izithombe zokugcina ezikhulukazi babhekene nengozi enkulu.

Izinto eziningana zingandisa amathuba akho okuthola i-tetanus:

• Ukungaqiniswa ngokumelene ne-tetanus noma ukuba nokuqiniswa okungaphelele
• Ukungatholi izithombe zokugcina ze-tetanus njalo eminyakeni eyi-10
• Ukuba neminyaka engaphezu kwe-60, njengoba ukuvikelwa kuvame ukwehla ngokwanda kweminyaka
• Ukuba nesifo sikashukela, okungathinta ukululama kwamanxeba nokuphendula komzimba
• Ukusebenza ezolimo, ukwakha, noma eminye imisebenzi enokubekwa komhlabathi
• Ukusebenzisa ama-injection drugs, ikakhulukazi ngezimpini ezihlanganyelwe noma ezingcolile
• Ukuphila ezindaweni ezingenayo ukuhlanzeka noma ukufinyeleleka okulinganiselwe kwezokunakekelwa kwezempilo

Izimo ezithile zezokwelapha zingase zikhulise ubungozi bakho. Abantu abanezinhlelo zokulwa nezifo ezibuthakathaka bangase bangaphenduli kahle ekuqinisweni noma bangase balahlekelwe ukuvikelwa ngokushesha kunabantu abaphilile.

Abesifazane abakhulelwe abangenawo ukuqiniswa babhekene nezingozi ezengeziwe, njengoba i-tetanus ingathinta umama nomntwana. Noma kunjalo, ukuqiniswa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kungavikela izingane ezintsha ezinyangeni zabo zokuqala.

Ziyini izinkinga ezingase zenzeke nge-tetanus?

ITetanus ingase iholele ezingxeni ezinkulu, ezisongela impilo uma ingalashwa ngokushesha nangokufanele. Ukubaluleka kwezinkinga kuvame ukuncika ekuqaleni kokwelashwa nokuthi umzimba wakho uphendula kahle kangakanani ekwelapheni.

Izinkinga ezivamile nezinkulu kakhulu zihlanganisa:

• Ukwehluleka kokuphefumula ngenxa yokubamba kwemisipha yokuphumula
• Ukungahambi kahle kwenhliziyo kanye nokungaqini komzimba
• Ukuphazamiseka kwamafu okuvela ekuqinisweni okukhulu kwemisipha
• Ama-blood clots emaphashini noma ezinyaweni
• I-Pneumonia evela ebunzimeni bokuginya nokuphumula
• Izingxenye eziphezulu kakhulu zoxinzelelo lwegazi
• Ukwehluleka kwesibindi okuvela ezintweni zokuphazamiseka kwemisipha

Ezimeni ezingavamile, ukubamba kwemisipha okuhlala isikhathi eside kungabangela ukonakala okungapheli kwemisipha noma izinzwa. Abanye abantu bangase bahlangabezane nokuqina okungapheli noma ubuthakathaka ngisho nangemuva kokululama.

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ngokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okufanele, abantu abaningi bangase balulame ngokuphelele e-tetanus. Noma kunjalo, inqubo yokululama ingathatha amasonto kuya ezinyangeni, futhi abanye abantu bangase badinge ukuvuselelwa okuningi ukuze babuyisele umsebenzi ophelele.

Ungayivimbela kanjani i-tetanus?

ITetanus ivinjelwa ngokuphelele ngokuqiniswa, okwenza kube omunye wemizekelo ephumelelayo kakhulu yokuvikela izifo ezimweni zanamuhla zezokwelapha. Isithombe se-tetanus siphephile, sisebenza, futhi sinikeza ukuvikelwa okuhlala isikhathi eside uma sinikezwa ngokuya ngezikhathi ezinconyiwe.

Nansi indlela ongazivikela ngayo wena nomndeni wakho:

• Thola uchungechunge oluphelele lokuqiniswa kwe-tetanus njengoba kunconywe yidokotela wakho
• Thola izithombe zokugcina ze-tetanus njalo eminyakeni eyi-10 kulo lonke impilo yakho
• Hlanza wonke amanxeba ngokucophelela ngesepha namanzi ngokushesha
• Funani ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngamanxeba okujulile noma athunyelwe
• Sebenzisa imishini yokuphepha efanele uma usebenza nezithuluzi noma emhlabathini
• Gcina indawo yakho yokuhlala ihlanzekile futhi usebenze ukuhlanzeka okuhle

Abesifazane abakhulelwe kufanele bathole isithombe se-Tdap (esivikelayo ngokumelene ne-tetanus, i-diphtheria, ne-pertussis) ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ngasinye. Lokhu akukuvimbeli umama kuphela kodwa futhi kunikeza ama-antibodies engane ezinyangeni eziningana.

Ukukhathalela amanxeba okuqondile kuyindlela yakho yesibili yokuzivimbela. Ngisho nokuqiniswa, ukuhlanza amanxeba ngokushesha nangokucophelela kusize ukuvimbela ibhaktheriya ukuba ibe nokutheleleka.

ITetanus ihlonishwa kanjani?

Odokotela bahlonishwa i-tetanus ikakhulukazi ngokuya ngezimpawu zakho nomlando wakho wezokwelapha, njengoba kungekho ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuqondile okungakuqinisekisa ngokushesha ukutheleleka. Udokotela wakho uzokubuza ngamanxeba amasha, ukulimala, kanye nomlando wakho wokuqiniswa.

Ukuhlonishwa kuvame ukubandakanya izinyathelo eziningana. Okokuqala, udokotela wakho uzokwenza ukuhlolwa komzimba, efuna ukuqina kwemisipha nokuqina okubalulekile okuchaza i-tetanus. Bazogxila ekubeni nakho kwakho ukuvula umlomo nokuginya.

Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lingase liqhube izilingo zokusekela. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kungahlola izimpawu zokutheleleka futhi kulandele ukuphendula komzimba wakho ekwelapheni. Kwezinye izimo, bangase bathathe amasampula endaweni yenxeba ukuze bazame ukuhlonishwa ibhaktheriya ye-tetanus, nakuba lokhu kungaphumeleli njalo.

Ngezinye izikhathi odokotela basebenzisa ukuhlolwa okuthiwa "i-spatula test," lapho bethinta emuva komlomo wakho nge-tongue depressor. E-tetanus, lokhu kuvame ukubangela imisipha yakho yamaxatheni ukuluma i-spatula kunokubangela ukugwinya okujwayelekile.

Ukuhlonishwa kwangoko kubalulekile ngoba izimpawu ze-tetanus zingase ziphoswe kwezinye izimo njenge-meningitis noma ukusebenza kwamadwala. Isipiliyoni sika dokotela wakho kanye nomlando ophelele wemisebenzi yakho yakamuva nokulimala kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuhlonishwa okuqondile nokwelashwa kwangoko.

Ukuphathwa kwe-tetanus kuyini?

Ukuphathwa kwe-tetanus kugxila ekuqedeni i-toxin, ukulawula izimpawu, nokusekela umzimba wakho ngenkathi ululama. Ukwelashwa kuvame ukudinga ukungena esibhedlela, ngokuvamile eyunithi yokunakekelwa okuqondene lapho abasebenzi bezokwelapha bengabheka khona isimo sakho eduze.

Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lizoqala izindlela eziningana zokwelapha i-tetanus:

• I-tetanus immune globulin (TIG) ukuqeda ama-toxins angakabambene nethusi lezinzwa
• Ama-antibiotics afana ne-metronidazole ukubulala ibhaktheriya esele
• Imithi yokulawula ukubamba kwemisipha kanye ne-seizures
• Ukuhlanza amanxeba nokususa ithusi elifile uma kudingeka
• Ukusekelwa okusekelayo kufaka phakathi usizo lokuphumula nokusekelwa kokudla
• Ukuqiniswa kwe-tetanus ukuvimbela ukutheleleka kwesikhathi esizayo

Ukuphatha ukubamba kwemisipha kuvame ukuba yingxenye enzima kakhulu yokwelashwa. Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lingase lisebenzise imithi yokunciphisa imisipha, imithi yokulala, noma ezimeni ezinzima, imithi ephazamisa imisipha okwesikhashana ngenkathi inikeza ukusekelwa kokuphefumula okuzenzakalelayo.

Ukululama kungathatha amasonto ambalwa kuya ezinyangeni, kuye ngokubaluleka kwesimo sakho. Ngalesi sikhathi, uzodinga ukunakekelwa okuphelele kufaka phakathi ukuvuselelwa komzimba ukuze kusize ukubuyisela umsebenzi wemisipha futhi kuvimbele izinkinga ezivela ekuphumuleni isikhathi eside embhedeni.

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ukusinda i-tetanus kunikeza ukuvikelwa okuncane kwemvelo, ngakho ukuqiniswa kuhlala kubalulekile ngisho nangemuva kokululama. Udokotela wakho uzoqinisekisa ukuthi uthola ukuqiniswa okufanele ngaphambi kokushiya isibhedlela.

Ungazinakekela kanjani ekhaya ngesikhathi sokululama kwe-tetanus?

Ukukhathalela ekhaya kwe-tetanus kunqunyelwe ngoba lesi simo sidinga ukwelashwa okukhulu kwezokwelapha endaweni yesibhedlela. Noma kunjalo, uma udokotela wakho eqinisekisa ukuthi kuphephile ukuthi uhambe ekhaya, kunezinyathelo ezibalulekile ongazithatha ukuze usekele ukululama kwakho.

Ngesikhathi sokululama kwakho ekhaya, gxila kulezi zindawo eziyinhloko:

• Thatha yonke imithi eyalwe ngokuqondile njengoba iyalwe, ikakhulukazi imithi yokunciphisa imisipha
• Landela ukuvivinya komzimba wakho ukuze ubuyisele amandla nokukhula
• Dle ukudla okunomsoco ukuze usize umzimba wakho ululame futhi wakhe kabusha ithusi lemisipha
• Thola ukuphumula okuningi futhi ugweme ukukhuthazwa ngokukhanya okukhulu noma umsindo olukhulu
• Gcina iziqondiso zokulandelela neqembu lakho lezokwelapha
• Bheka izimpawu zezinkinga futhi wazi ukuthi nini kufanele ufune usizo

Indawo yakho yokululama kufanele ibe zothile futhi ithobe, njengoba umsindo olukhulu noma ukunyakaza okungazelelwe kungase kuqhube ukubamba kwemisipha kwabanye abantu. Amalungu omndeni nabaphathi kufanele baqonde lokhu futhi basize ukudala indawo ethule yokululama.

Kujwayelekile ukuzizwa ubuthakathaka futhi ukhuluphale amasonto noma izinyanga ngisho nangemuva kwe-tetanus. Yiba nesineke nawe futhi ungaqhubeki nemisebenzi evamile. Udokotela wakho uzokukhokhela uma kuphephile ukubuyela emsebenzini, ukuqhuba, noma eminye imisebenzi evamile.

Kufanele uzilungiselele kanjani i-aphoyintimenti yakho yodokotela?

Uma ukhathazekile ngokubekwa kwe-tetanus noma uhlangabezana nezimpawu, ukulungiselela ukuvakasha kwakho kudokotela kungasiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola ukunakekelwa okuhle kakhulu okungenzeka. Letha ulwazi olubalulekile oluzosisiza udokotela wakho ukuba enze ukulinganisa okuqondile.

Ngaphambi kokuqokwa kwakho, buthana nalolu lwazi olubalulekile:

• Imininingwane mayelana nanoma yimaphi amanxeba amasha, ukukhahlela, noma ukulimala, kufaka phakathi ukuthi kwenzeke nini nokuthi kwenzeke kanjani
• Umlando wakho wokuqiniswa, ikakhulukazi lapho uthole khona ishothi lokugcina le-tetanus
• Uhlu lwemithi yamanje nanoma yiziphi izinto ozitholakala
• Ulwazi mayelana nezimpawu zakho, kufaka phakathi ukuthi zaqala nini nokuthi ziguquke kanjani
• Izithombe zanoma yimaphi amanxeba uma kungenzeka
• Imibuzo ofuna ukuyibuza udokotela wakho

Bhala phansi izimpawu zakho ngokuningiliziwe, kufaka phakathi ukuthi yini eziqalisa futhi yini ezenza zibe ngcono noma zimbi. Uma ukubamba kwemisipha kwenzeka, qaphela ukuthi kwenzeka kaningi kangakanani nokuthi kuhlala isikhathi esingakanani.

Ungangabazi ukufuna ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo esikhundleni sokulinda i-aphoyintimenti ehlelwe uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezinkulu njengobunzima bokuginya, izinkinga zokuphefumula, noma ukubamba kwemisipha okubanzi. Lezi zimo zidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Khumbula, abahlinzeki bezempilo bangathanda ukukubona ngenxa yokubekwa kwe-tetanus okungase kube yinto engathandeki kunokulahlekelwa ithuba lokuvimbela lokhu kutheleleka okubi.

Iyini into ebalulekile mayelana ne-tetanus?

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyikhumbule mayelana ne-tetanus ukuthi ivinjelwa ngokuphelele ngokuqiniswa. Nakuba i-tetanus ingaba yisimo esibi futhi esisongela impilo, ukuhlala uqiniswe ngezithombe zakho ze-tetanus kunikeza ukuvikelwa okuhle.

Qiniseka ukuthi wena namalungu omndeni wakho niyathola izithombe zokugcina ze-tetanus njalo eminyakeni eyi-10. Uma ungakhumbuli ukuthi uthole nini ishothi lokugcina le-tetanus, kungcono ukuqiniswa kunokubeka ingozi. Isithombe siphephile futhi sisebenza kubantu bazo zonke izigaba.

Uma ukulimala kwenzeka, ukunakekelwa kwamanxeba okuqondile kuyindlela yakho elandelayo yokuzivimbela. Hlanza wonke ukukhahlela nokukhahlela ngokucophelela, futhi ungangabazi ukufuna ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngamanxeba okujulile, angcolile, noma abangelwa izinto eziqandayo. Ukwelashwa kwangoko ngemuva kokubekwa okungenzeka kungavimbela i-tetanus ukuba ithuthuke.

Khumbula ukuthi ibhaktheriya ye-tetanus ikhona yonke indawo endaweni yethu, kodwa awudingi ukuphila ngokwesaba. Ngokuqiniswa okuqondile kanye nezindlela ezinhle zokunakekelwa kwamanxeba, ungaqhubeka nemisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke ngokuzethemba, wazi ukuthi uvikelwe kuleli gciwane elivinjelwayo.

Imibuzo evamile ebuzwa mayelana ne-tetanus

Ungayithola yini i-tetanus ekusikeni okuncane noma ukukhahleleni?

Yebo, i-tetanus ingase ithuthuke nanoma yiliphi inxeba elivumela ibhaktheriya ukuba ingene emzimbeni wakho, kufaka phakathi ukukhahlela okuncane nokusika. Noma kunjalo, amanxeba okuphunga okujulile abeka ingozi enkulu ngoba adala izimo ezingenayo i-oksijini lapho ibhaktheriya ye-tetanus ikhula khona. Izinto eziyinhloko ukuthi inxeba lithunyelwe ngomgqomo noma udoti nokuthi uqiniswe. Ngisho nokukhahlela okuncane kufanele kuhlanzwe ngokucophelela, futhi kufanele ucabange ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha uma ungaqiniseki ngokuvikelwa kwakho kwe-tetanus.

Isikhathi esingakanani ukuvikelwa kwe-tetanus kuhlala isikhathi esingakanani ngemuva kokuqiniswa?

Ukuvikelwa kwe-tetanus okuvela ekuqinisweni kuvame ukugcina iminyaka eyi-10, kungakho izithombe zokugcina zinconywa njalo eminyakeni eyi-10. Noma kunjalo, ukuvikelwa kungase kuhluke phakathi kwabantu, futhi abanye abantu bangase babe nokuvikelwa okuhlala isikhathi eside noma esifushane. Uma uthola inxeba elikubeka engozini enkulu ye-tetanus futhi sekuphele iminyaka engaphezu kwe-5 kusukela esithombeni sakho sokugcina, udokotela wakho angase ancome ishothi lokugcina ngokushesha. Isithombe sinikeza ukuvikelwa okuhle uma sinikezwa ngokuya ngezikhathi ezinconyiwe.

Kungenzeka yini ukuthola i-tetanus kabili?

Yebo, ungayithola i-tetanus ngaphezu kwesikhathi esisodwa ngoba ukuba nesifo akukuvimbeli ukuvikelwa kwemvelo okuhlala isikhathi eside. Inani le-tetanus toxin edingekayo ukubangela ukugula lincane kakhulu ukubangela ukuphendula komzimba okuqinile okuzokuvimbela esikhathini esizayo. Kungakho ukuqiniswa kuhlala kubalulekile ngisho nangemuva kokululama e-tetanus. Udokotela wakho uzoqinisekisa ukuthi uthola ukuqiniswa okufanele njengengxenye yenqubo yakho yokwelashwa nokululama.

Ingathinta yini i-tetanus izilwane ezifuywayo nezinye izilwane?

Yebo, i-tetanus ingathinta izilwane eziningi, kufaka phakathi izinja, ikati, amahhashi, kanye nezilwane ezifuywayo. Noma kunjalo, ezinye izilwane njengezinyoni kanye nezilwane eziningi ezikhula egazini ziyamukeleka ngokwemvelo e-tetanus toxin. Izilwane ezifuywayo zingaqiniswa ngokumelene ne-tetanus, futhi odokotela bezilwane abaningi bayifaka ezinhlelweni zokuqiniswa okujwayelekile. Uma isilwane sakho sifuywayo sinenxeba elingase silibeke engozini yebhaktheriya ye-tetanus, xhumana nodokotela wakho wezilwane ukuze uthole iseluleko mayelana nokukhathalela amanxeba nezidingo zokuqiniswa.

Kufanele wenzeni uma uqhakazela i-nail eqandayo?

Uma uqhakazela i-nail eqandayo, funani ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha, ikakhulukazi uma sekuphele iminyaka engaphezu kwe-5 kusukela esithombeni sakho sokugcina se-tetanus. Okokuqala, hlanza inxeba ngokucophelela ngesepha namanzi, faka uxinzelelo ukulawula ukuphuma kwegazi, bese uyihlanganisa ngebhande elihlanzekile. Ungayisusi into uma isalukile ezinzwini zakho. Uthusi ngokwalo alibangelwa i-tetanus, kodwa izinto eziqandayo zivame ukuthunyelwa ngomgqomo nokuqothuka okungase kube nebhaktheriya ye-tetanus. Udokotela wakho uzohlola inxeba futhi aqinisekise ukuthi udinga ishothi lokugcina le-tetanus noma olunye ukwelashwa.