Uthombocytopenia yini? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

Uthombocytopenia yisimo lapho igazi lakho linamathoni amancane kunokujwayelekile. Amathoni yizicubu zegazi ezincane ezisiza igazi lakho ukuthi liqine uma ulimazile, njengokuqengqela ibhande lemfundo emgodini.

Uma inani lamathoni lakho liwela ngaphansi kuka-150,000 nge-microliter yebhuludi, odokotela bakubiza lokhu ngokuthi uthombocytopenia. Lokhu kwenza kube nzima ukuthi igazi lakho liqine kahle, okungase kubeka ingozi yokushayiswa kalula noma ukuphuza igazi okuthe kuyeke.

Ziyini izimpawu zokuthombocytopenia?

Abantu abaningi abane-thrombocytopenia ephansi ababonisi zimpawu nhlobo. Uma izimpawu zivele, ngokuvamile zihambisana nokuqina okuncane kwegazi lakho.

Nazi izimpawu ezivame kakhulu ongazihlangabezana nazo:

• Ukushayiswa kalula, ikakhulukazi ekuthintweni okuncane noma ekuthintweni.
• Amachaphazi amancane abomvu noma aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka esikhunwini sakho okuthiwa yi-petechiae.
• Ukuphuza igazi isikhathi eside ekuthungeni noma emsebenzini wamagciwane.
• Isikhathi eside noma esinzima se-menstrual.
• Amagciwane apuza igazi uma uhlanza amazinyo.
• Ukuphuza igazi ekhaleni okwenzeka kaningi kunokujwayelekile.

Ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu, ungase ubone igazi emanzini akho noma emathunjini, noma uhlangabezane nokuphuza igazi okukhulu ngokweqile ngemuva kokuthunga. Lezi zimpawu zenzeka ngoba umzimba wakho awunamathoni anele ukwakha amaqembu ngokushesha nangokuphumelelayo.

Ziyini izinhlobo zokuthombocytopenia?

Uthombocytopenia uza ngezindlela eziningi ezahlukene, kuye ngokuthi yini ebangela inani lamathoni aphansi. Ukuqonda uhlobo kungasiza udokotela wakho ukuba akhethe indlela yokwelapha engcono kakhulu kuwe.

Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zihlanganisa:

• Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP): Isistimu yakho yokuzikhusela ihlasela amathoni akho.
• Uthombocytopenia obangelwa imithi: Imithi ethile ibangela ukuba inani lamathoni lakho liwe.
• Uthombocytopenia ohlobene nokukhulelwa: Ukuncipha okuncane kwamapuleti ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
• Uthombocytopenia yesibili: Amathoni aphansi abangelwa ezinye izimo zezokwelapha.

Uhlobo ngalunye lunzalo ezahlukene futhi lungadinga amasu ahlukene okwelapha. Udokotela wakho uzobona ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo olukhona ngokuhlola igazi nembali yakho yezokwelapha.

Yini ebangela uthombocytopenia?

Uthombocytopenia kwenzeka uma umzimba wakho ungenzi amathoni anele, ubhubhisa amaningi kakhulu, noma uwabopha esibelethweni sakho. Ake sihlole ukuthi yini engase ihole kulezi zimo.

Izimbangela ezivamile zokunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwamapuleti zihlanganisa:

• Ukutheleleka kwe-viral njenge-hepatitis C noma i-HIV.
• Imithi ethile, ikakhulukazi imithi ye-chemotherapy.
• Ukusetshenziswa okukhulu kotshwala isikhathi eside.
• Ukuntuleka kwe-vitamin B12 noma i-folate.
• Izifo ze-bone marrow.

Isistimu yakho yokuzikhusela ingase ibuye ibhubhise amathoni ngokushesha kunokujwayelekile ngenxa yalokhu:

• Izimo ze-autoimmune njenge-lupus noma i-rheumatoid arthritis.
• Imithi ethile njenge-heparin noma i-quinine.
• Ukutheleleka kwe-bacterial egazini lakho.
• Ukuqina kokukhulelwa.

Ezimweni ezimbalwa, isibeletho sakho singase siqonge futhi sibambe amathoni esikhundleni sokuwavumela ukuthi aqhubeke ehamba. Lokhu kwenzeka ngezifo zesibindi, ezinye izifo zomdlavuza, noma ukutheleleka njenge-malaria.

Nini kufanele ubheke udokotela ngokuthombocytopenia?

Kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho uma ubona ukuphuza igazi okungavamile noma izindlela zokushayiswa. Nakuba ukushayiswa okuncane kweminyaka kuyinto evamile, izimpawu ezithile zidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha.

Funani ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha uma uhlangabezana nalokhu:

• Ukushayiswa okuvela ekuthintweni okulula kakhulu noma kungekho sizathu esibonakalayo.
• Ukuphuza igazi okungayeki ngemuva kwemizuzu engu-10-15 yokucindezela ngqo.
• Amachaphazi abomvu noma aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka evela esikhunwini sakho.
• Ukuphuza igazi okukhulu okungavamile kwe-menstrual.
• Ukuphuza igazi ekhaleni noma emagciwaneni kaningi.

Thola usizo lwezokwelapha oluphuthumayo ngokushesha uma unezinhlungu ezinzima, ukungabaza, igazi ekugabha kwakho noma emathunjini, noma noma yiziphi izimpawu zokopha igazi ngaphakathi. Lokhu kungase kubonise inani lamathoni eliphansi kakhulu elidinga ukwelashwa okusheshayo.

Ziyini izinto ezikhulayo ezingozi zokuthombocytopenia?

Izinto eziningi zingandisa amathuba akho okuba nothombocytopenia. Ukuqonda lezi zinto ezikhulayo ezingozi kungakusiza wena nodokotela wakho ukuba nibone izimpawu zokuqala.

Ungase ube nengozi enkulu uma:

• Uthatha imithi ethile njenge-blood thinners, ama-antibiotic, noma imithi yokubamba.
• Une-autoimmune condition njenge-lupus noma i-rheumatoid arthritis.
• Usebenzisa utshwala oluningi njalo.
• Ukulemthe, ikakhulukazi ekhathini lakho lesithathu.
• Unembali yomndeni yezifo zokopha igazi.
• Uthola ukwelashwa kwe-chemotherapy noma i-radiation.

Ezinye izinto ezingavamile ezikhulayo ezingozi zihlanganisa ukuba nezifo ezithile ze-viral, isifo sesibindi, noma izifo zomdlavuza wegazi njenge-leukemia. Iminyaka ingase futhi ibe nomthelela, njengoba i-immune thrombocytopenic purpura ivame kakhulu kubantwana nabantu abadala.

Ziyini izinhlanganisela ezingase zenzeke zokuthombocytopenia?

Abantu abaningi abane-thrombocytopenia ephansi baphila impilo evamile ngaphandle kwezinhlanganisela ezinzima. Noma kunjalo, amanani aphansi kakhulu amathoni angase ahole ezinkingeni zokopha igazi ezidinga ukuphathwa ngokucophelela.

Izinhlanganisela ezingase zenzeke zihlanganisa:

• Ukuphuza igazi isikhathi eside ngemuva kokulimaza noma ukuthunga.
• Ukuphuza igazi ngaphakathi ezimweni ezinzima.
• Ukuntuleka kwe-iron anemia ngenxa yokulahlekelwa igazi isikhathi eside.
• Ukungozi okukhulu ngesikhathi semisebenzi yamagciwane noma ukuthunga.

Inhlanganisela enzima kakhulu kodwa engavamile ukuphuza igazi ebuchosheni, okwenzeka uma amanani amathoni ewa kakhulu (ngokuvamile ngaphansi kuka-10,000). Kungakho odokotela belandela izimo ezinzima ngokucophelela futhi bangase bancoma ukwelashwa ukuze bakhulise amanani amathoni ngokushesha.

Ngokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okufanele nokubhekwa, izinhlanganisela eziningi zingavikeleka noma ziphathwe kahle. Iqembu lakho lokukhathalela impilo lizohlala likusekela ukuze linciphise ubungozi ngenkathi ligcina ikhwalithi yempilo yakho.

Uthombocytopenia ungavikeleka kanjani?

Awukwazi ukuvimbela zonke izinhlobo zokuthombocytopenia, kodwa ungathatha izinyathelo zokunciphisa ingozi yezimbangela ezithile. Ukuvimbela ngokuvamile kugxile ekugwemeni izinto ezibangela ukukhathazeka nokugcina impilo yonke.

Nazi ezinye izindlela eziwusizo zokuvimbela:

• Khawukhawule ukusetshenziswa kotshwala ngezilinganiso ezinconyiwe.
• Thatha imithi ngokuqondile njengoba kunqunywe futhi ubhale noma yikuphi ukuphuza igazi okungavamile.
• Dla ukudla okulinganiselayo okuno-vitamin B12 ne-folate.
• Hlola ukuhlanzeka okuhle ukuvimbela ukutheleleka.
• Thola izigqoko ezicindezelwe ukuvimbela ukutheleleka kwe-viral.

Uma une-autoimmune condition, ukusebenzisana eduze nodokotela wakho ukuyilawula kungasiza ukuvimbela uthombocytopenia. Ukubhekwa njalo kungase futhi kubambe izinguquko enanini lamathoni akho ngokushesha, ngaphambi kokuba izimpawu zivele.

Uthombocytopenia uhlolwa kanjani?

Ukuthola uthombocytopenia kuqala ngokuhlola igazi oluqondile okuthiwa yi-complete blood count (CBC). Lolu hlolo luqala ukuthi unamathoni amaningi kangakanani nge-microliter yebhuludi.

Udokotela wakho uzodinga ukuhlola okwengeziwe ukuthola imbangela yangempela:

• Ukuhlolwa kwe-blood smear ukubuka usayizi nokuma kwamapuleti.
• Ukuhlola ama-antibody e-autoimmune.
• Ukubhekwa kwezinga le-vitamin B12 ne-folate.
• Ukuhlola umsebenzi wesibindi.
• Ukuhlola ukutheleleka kwe-viral njenge-hepatitis noma i-HIV.

Ezimweni ezithile, udokotela wakho angase ancome i-bone marrow biopsy ukuhlola ukuthi umzimba wakho wakha amathoni kahle kangakanani. Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha isampula encane ye-bone marrow, ngokuvamile emathanjeni akho, ukuyibuka ngaphansi kwesikrini.

Inqubo yokuxilonga iyasiza iqembu lakho lokukhathalela impilo ukuthi liqonde ukuthi awunamathoni amancane, kodwa kungani kwenzeka. Lolu lwazi luqondisa indlela yokwelapha ephumelelayo yisimo sakho esithile.

Yini ukwelashwa kokuthombocytopenia?

Ukwelashwa kokuthombocytopenia kuncike kulokho okubangela inani lamathoni aphansi nokuthi izimpawu zakho zinzima kangakanani. Abantu abaningi abanezimpawu ezilula abadingi ukwelashwa nhlobo.

Udokotela wakho angase ancome:

• Ukuyeka imithi engase ibe yimbangela yengxaki.
• I-corticosteroids ukunciphisa umsebenzi wesimiso sokuzikhusela.
• Ukwelashwa kwe-immunoglobulin ukukhulisa ukukhiqizwa kwamapuleti.
• Ukuthungwa kwamapuleti ezimweni ezinzima.
• Imithi njenge-eltrombopag ukukhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwamapuleti.

Ngokuqondene ne-immune thrombocytopenic purpura, ukwelashwa kungase kuhlanganise imithi ecindezela isimiso sakho sokuzikhusela noma, ezimweni ezinzima, ukususwa kwesibeletho sakho. Umgomo ukuphakamisa inani lamathoni akho kuze kube yileveli ephephile ngenkathi uqaphela imbangela yangempela.

Izinhlelo zokwelapha zikhethwa ngokuya ngesimo sakho esithile, impilo yonke, nokuthi uyaphendula kanjani ekuphishekelweni kokuqala. Iqembu lakho lokukhathalela impilo lizolandela intuthuko yakho ngokucophelela futhi lilungise ukwelashwa njengoba kudingeka.

Indlela yokuphatha uthombocytopenia ekhaya?

Ukuphatha uthombocytopenia ekhaya kugxile ekuvimbeleni ukulimala nokubona ukuthi nini udinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha. Ukulungiswa okuncane kwesitayela sempilo kungenza umehluko omkhulu ekuvikelweni kwakho nasekuxoleni kwakho.

Nazi izinyathelo ezisebenzayo ongazithatha:

• Sebenzisa ibrashi yamagciwane ebushelelezi futhi ugweme ukugqoka ngamandla.
• Gqoka izinto zokukhuselwa ngesikhathi semidlalo noma imisebenzi yomzimba.
• Gwema imithi njenge-aspirin engase ikhulise ingozi yokopha igazi.
• Sebenzisa izikhafu zombane esikhundleni sezikhafu zesandla.
• Gcina indawo yakho yokuhlala ingenamakona aqinile nezinto ezibangela ukuwela.

Qaphela izinguquko ezimpawu zakho futhi ugcine umbhalo wanoma yikuphi ukushayiswa okusha noma ukuphuza igazi. Uma udinga izinqubo zezokwelapha, qiniseka ukuthi ukhombisa abahlinzeki bakho bezempilo ngokuthombocytopenia yakho ukuze bakwazi ukuthatha izinyathelo ezifanele.

Hlala uxhumene neqembu lakho lokukhathalela impilo futhi ungangabazi ukubiza uma ukhathazekile nganoma yiziphi izimpawu. Bakhona ukukusekela nokukusiza uphile ngokuphepha nale simo.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani i-aphoyintimenti yakho yodokotela?

Ukulungiselela i-aphoyintimenti yakho kukusiza ukuthi uthole okuningi ngesikhathi sakho nomhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo. Ukulungiselela okuhle kuholela ekuxhumaneni kangcono nasekulungiseni ukwelashwa okusebenzayo.

Ngaphambi kwendwendwelo yakho, buza ulwazi mayelana nalokhu:

• Yonke imithi nezinhlanganisela ozithatha.
• Lapho uqale ukubona izimpawu nokuthi ziguquke kanjani.
• Noma yiziphi izifo zakamuva, ukutheleleka, noma izinqubo zezokwelapha.
• Umbali womndeni wezifo zokopha igazi.
• Imibuzo mayelana nokuxilongwa kwakho, izinketho zokwelapha, noma ukuphathwa kwansuku zonke.

Bhala izimpawu zakho, kufaka phakathi lapho zenzeka khona nokuthi zinzima kangakanani. Thatha izithombe zanoma yikuphi ukushayiswa okungavamile noma izinguquko zesikhumba ukuze uzibonise udokotela uma zingabonakali ngesikhathi se-aphoyintimenti yakho.

Cabanga ukuletha umngani othembekile noma ilungu lomndeni ukukusiza ukuba ukhumbule ulwazi oluqakathekile nokuthi ubuze imibuzo ongayikhohlwa. Bangase futhi banikeze ukwesekwa ngokomzwelo ngesikhathi esingase sizizwe sengathi siyinselele.

Yini okufanele uyikhumbule mayelana nothombocytopenia?

Uthombocytopenia yisimo esilawuleka esithinta ikhono legazi lakho lokuqina kahle. Nakuba kuzwakala kukhathaza, abantu abaningi abanesimo esinjalo baphila impilo egcwele, esebenzayo ngokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okufanele nokulungiswa kwesitayela sempilo.

Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okumele uzikhumbule ukuthi ukutholakala kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kusiza, izinketho zokwelapha ziyatholakala, futhi awuwedwa ekuphatheni lesi simo. Iqembu lakho lokukhathalela impilo lizohlala likusekela ukwakha uhlelo oluhambisana nezidingo zakho nezimo zakho.

Ngokubhekwa okufanele nokukhathalela, abantu abaningi abane-thrombocytopenia bangavimbela izinhlanganisela ezinzima futhi bagcine ikhwalithi yempilo yabo. Hlala unolwazi, landela uhlelo lwakho lokwelapha, futhi ugcine ukuxhumana okuvulekile nabahlinzeki bakho bezempilo.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana nothombocytopenia

Ingabe uthombocytopenia ungaphela yedwa?

Yebo, ezinye izinhlobo zokuthombocytopenia zingaphela ngaphandle kokwelashwa, ikakhulukazi izimo ezibangelwa ukutheleleka kwe-viral noma ukukhulelwa. Noma kunjalo, akufanele ucabange ukuthi kuzophela yedwa ngaphandle kokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha. Udokotela wakho angabona ukuthi isimo sakho esithile singase siphumelele ngokwemvelo noma sidinga ukwelashwa okusebenzayo.

Ingabe uthombocytopenia uhlobo lomdlavuza?

Uthombocytopenia ngokwawo awulona umdlavuza, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi ungabangelwa izifo zomdlavuza wegazi njenge-leukemia noma i-lymphoma. Izimo eziningi zokuthombocytopenia azinhlobene nomdlavuza nhlobo. Udokotela wakho uzoqhuba ukuhlolwa okufanele ukuze aqonde imbangela yangempela yenani lamathoni aphansi futhi akhiphe noma yiziphi izimo ezinzima eziyingozi.

Ngingasebenzisa yini uma ngine-thrombocytopenia?

Abantu abaningi abane-thrombocytopenia bangasebenzisa ngokuphepha, kodwa ungase udinge ukuguqula imisebenzi yakho ngokuya ngenani lamathoni akho. Imisebenzi elula njengokuhamba, ukubhukuda, noma i-yoga ngokuvamile iphephile kunemidlalo yokuxhumana. Hlala ukhuluma ngezinhlelo zakho zokuzivocavoca nodokotela wakho, ongakunika imiyalo ethile ngokuya ngamanani amathoni akho.

Ingabe ngizodinga ukuthatha imithi impilo yami yonke?

Akudingeki. Isikhathi sokwelashwa sincike kulokho okubangela uthombocytopenia nokuthi uyaphendula kanjani ekuphishekelweni. Abanye abantu badinga ukwelashwa okufushane, kanti abanye bangadinga ukuphathwa kwemithi okuqhubekayo. Udokotela wakho uzobuye ahlole isimo sakho njalo futhi alungise uhlelo lwakho lokwelapha njengoba kudingeka.

Ingabe uthombocytopenia ungathinta ukukhulelwa?

Uthombocytopenia ungase ube khona ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa futhi ungadinga ukubhekwa ngokucophelela, kodwa abesifazane abaningi abanesimo esinjalo banokukhulelwa okunempilo nokulethwa. Iqembu lakho lokukhathalela impilo lizohlala likusekela ukuphatha inani lamathoni akho nokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwakho kanye nomntwana wakho phakathi kokukhulelwa nokulethwa.