Uthombosis yini? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

Uthombosis kusho ukuthi uneeplatelet eziningi kakhulu egazini lakho. Iiplatelet yizicubu zegazi ezincane ezisiza igazi lakho ukuthi liqine uma uthola isiqeba noma ukulimala.

Inani leeplatelet elijwayelekile liphakathi kuka-150,000 kuya ku-450,000 nge-microliter yegazi. Uma inani lakho liqhamuka ngaphezu kuka-450,000, odokotela bakubiza lokhu ngokuthi uthombosis. Cabanga ngeeplatelet njengeqembu lokulungisa lomzimba wakho - zisabela ukuqeda izitsha zegazi ezilimele.

Ziyini izimpawu zokuthombosis?

Abantu abaningi abanethombosis abazizwa zimpawu nhlobo. Umzimba wakho uhlala ubhekana neeplatelet ezengeziwe ngaphandle kokubangela izinkinga ezibonakalayo, ikakhulukazi uma ukwanda kuyincipha.

Uma izimpawu zivele, ngokuvamile zihlangene nokuguquka kokukwazi kwegazi lakho ukuqina. Nazi izimpawu ongaziqaphela:

• Izinhlungu zikhanda ezihluke kwizijwayelekile zakho
• Ukukhungatheka noma ukukhanya ekhanda
• Ubuhlungu esifubeni noma ukuphefumula okunzima
• Ubuthakathaka noma ukukhathala okungapheli ngokuphumula
• Ukuguquka kombono noma ukubona okuphazamisekile
• Ukungaziwa noma ukukhahlela ezandleni nasezinzwani
• Ukukhwelwa kalula noma ukuphuza okungajwayelekile kwegazi
• Iziqubu zegazi ezinyaweni zakho (okubangela ukukhula nobuhlungu)

Lezi zimpawu zenzeka ngoba iiplatelet eziningi kakhulu zingabangela iziqubu ezingafuneki noma, ngokumangazayo, zikwenze uphuze igazi kalula. Udokotela wakho angakusiza ukuthola ukuthi izimpawu zakho zihlangene yini nenani leeplatelet zakho.

Ziyini izinhlobo zokuthombosis?

Odokotela bahlukanisa uthombosis zibe izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ngokusekelwe kulokho okubangela inani leeplatelet zakho eliphezulu. Ukuqonda ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo olukhona kuwe kusiza ukuqondisa ukwelashwa kwakho.

Uthombosis oyinhloko kwenzeka uma u-bone marrow wakho wenza iiplatelet eziningi ngokwakhe. Lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yokuguquka kwezakhiwo ezisetshenziswa yizicubu ezakha iiplatelet. Kubizwa nangokuthi i-essential thrombocythemia.

Uthombosis wesibili ukhula njengendlela yokusabela kwenye isimo emzimbeni wakho. U-bone marrow wakho wandisa ukukhiqizwa kweeplatelet ukuze usabela ekuthelelekeni, ukutheleleka, noma ezinye izinkinga zempilo. Lolu hlobo luvamile kunoluthombosis oyinhloko.

Ukuhlukaniswa kubalulekile ngoba uthombosis wesibili uhlala uthuthuka uma welapha isimo esiyimbangela. Uthombosis oyinhloko udinga izindlela ezahlukile, eziqondiswe ngokwengeziwe.

Yini ebangela uthombosis?

Uthombosis wesibili unezinye izimbangela eziningi, kuyilapho uthombosis oyinhloko uvela ekuchithweni kwezakhiwo. Ake sihlole ukuthi yini engase ibe yimbangela yenani leeplatelet zakho eliphezulu.

Izimbangela ezivamile zokuthombosis wesibili zihlanganisa:

• Ukutheleleka njengopnuemonia, ukutheleleka kwesitsha somchamo, noma i-tuberculosis
• Isimo sokuvuvukala njenge-rheumatoid arthritis noma isifo sokuvuvukala sesisu
• Ukuntuleka kwa-iron
• Ukuhlinzwa kwamuva noma ukulimala
• Umshuza, ikakhulukazi umsuza wophunga, umsuza wezinso, noma umsuza webele
• Ukususwa kwespleen yakho
• Imithi ethile njenge-corticosteroids
• Ukonakala kwezicubu ngenxa yokushisa noma ukweqilegazi

Uthombosis oyinhloko kwenzeka uma amajini alawula ukukhiqizwa kweeplatelet ehluleka. Ukuguquka kwezakhiwo ezivamile kuthinta amajini okuthiwa yi-JAK2, CALR, noma MPL. Lezi zinguquko azilona into oyithola kubazali bakho - zikhula phakathi nokuphila kwakho.

Izimbangela ezingavamile zihlanganisa i-myelofibrosis, i-polycythemia vera, nezinye izifo zegazi ezithinta i-bone marrow yakho. Udokotela wakho uzoqala ukucwaninga lezi zinto uma ukuhlolwa kokuqala kungavezi imbangela ecacile yesibili.

Nini kufanele ubone udokotela ngokuthombosis?

Kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezingase zibonise izinkinga zokugqiba kwegazi. Ungalindi uma uqaphela izimpawu ezibuhlungu ngokuzumayo ezingase zibonise isiqubu esibuhlungu.

Funani usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha ngalezi zimpawu zexwayiso:

• Ubuhlungu obukhulu bekhanda ngokuzumayo ngokuguquka kombono
• Ubuhlungu esifubeni ngokuphefumula okunzima
• Ubuhlungu benyawo ngokukhula nokushisa
• Ubuthakathaka noma ukungaziwa ngokuzumayo ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba wakho
• Ukukhuluma okunzima noma ukuqonda inkulumo
• Ubuhlungu obukhulu besisu

Hlela i-aphoyintimenti ejwayelekile uma uqaphela izimpawu eziqhubekayo njengezinhlungu zikhanda eziqhubekayo, ukukhathala, noma ukukhwelwa okungajwayelekile. Abantu abaningi bathola uthombosis wabo ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwegazi okujwayelekile, okujwayelekile ngokuphelele.

Uma usuvele wazi ukuthi unethombosis, landela isimiso sokulandelela sodokotela wakho. Ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile kusiza ukulandelela amazinga eeplatelet zakho futhi kulungise ukwelashwa njengoba kudingeka.

Ziyini izimbangela zengozi zokuthombosis?

Izinto eziningi zingandisa amathuba akho okukhula uthombosis. Iminyaka idlala indima, ngokuthi uthombosis oyinhloko uhlala uthinta abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50.

Izimbangela zengozi zokuthombosis wesibili zihlanganisa:

• Ukuba nezimpawu zokuvuvukala ezingapheli
• Ukuhlinzwa okukhulu kwamuva noma ukulimala
• Ukutheleleka okusebenzayo, ikakhulukazi okungapheli
• Ukuntuleka kwa-iron noma ukungabi nazondlo ezifanele
• Ukuxilongwa komsuza noma ukwelashwa komsuza
• Ukususwa kwespleen noma ukungasebenzi kahle kwespleen
• Ukuthatha imithi ethile isikhathi eside

Ngokuthombosis oyinhloko, izimbangela eziyinhloko zengozi yizakhiwo. Kodwa-ke, lezi zinguquko zezakhiwo ngokuvamile azilithiwe - zikhula ngokungahleliwe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Umlando womndeni wezifo zegazi ungase ukhulise kancane ingozi yakho, kodwa izimo eziningi zenzeka ngaphandle kokuxhumana komndeni.

Ukuba nezimbangela zengozi akusho ukuthi uzokhula uthombosis. Abantu abaningi abanezimpawu ezifanayo bagcina banama-platelet ajwayelekile impilo yabo yonke.

Ziyini izinhlungu ezingase zenzeke ngenxa yokuthombosis?

Izinhlungu ezivela ekuthombosis zihlanganisa ikakhulu izinkinga zokugqiba kwegazi. Ubukhulu buxhomeke ekuqineni kwenani leeplatelet zakho nokuthi unezinye izimo zempilo yini.

Izinhlungu ezingase zenzeke zihlanganisa:

• Iziqubu zegazi ezinyaweni zakho (i-deep vein thrombosis)
• Iziqubu eziya emaphaphwini akho (i-pulmonary embolism)
• Isifo sobuchopho esivela eziqubeni ezitsheni zegazi zobuchopho
• Isifo senhliziyo esivela eziqubeni ezitsheni zenhliziyo
• Iziqubu ezitsheni zegazi zesisu
• Ukuphuza okungajwayelekile kwegazi naphezu kwenani leeplatelet eliphezulu
• Izinhlungu zokukhulelwa ezihlanganisa ukukhulelwa okungapheli

Ngokumangazayo, inani leeplatelet eliphezulu kakhulu ngezinye izikhathi lingabangela izinkinga zokopha. Lokhu kwenzeka ngoba iiplatelet azisebenzi kahle uma ziningi kakhulu.

Abantu abaningi abanethombosis olukhulu abanawo amahloni amkhulu. Udokotela wakho uzoqala ukuhlola ingozi yakho ngokusekelwe enanini leeplatelet zakho, izimpawu, nezinye izinto zempilo. Ukuqapha okujwayelekile kusiza ukubamba izinhlungu ezingase zenzeke ngokushesha.

Uthombosis ungavikeleka kanjani?

Uthombosis oyinhloko awukwazi ukuvimbelwa ngoba uvela ekuchithweni kwezakhiwo. Kodwa-ke, ungathatha izinyathelo zokunciphisa ingozi yezinhlungu uma usuvele unesimo.

Ngokuthombosis wesibili, ukuvimbela kugxile ekulawuleni izimo eziyimbangela. Ukwelapha ukutheleleka ngokushesha, ukulawula izifo zokuvuvukala, nokulungisa ukungabi nazondlo ezifanele kungasiza ukugcina inani leeplatelet zakho liqondile.

Izindlela zokuvimbela ezijwayelekile zihlanganisa:

• Ukulawula izimo ezingapheli njengesi-diabetes ne-arthritis
• Ukwelapha ukungabi na-iron ngokuthi uthathe izithasiselo ezifanele
• Ukuthola ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha okujwayelekile
• Ukulandela izindlela zokuvimbela ukutheleleka
• Ukuthatha imithi njengoba kuyalelwe udokotela wakho
• Ukugcina indlela yokuphila enempilo ngokudla okunempilo

Uma usuvele unethombosis, gxila ekuvimbeleni izinhlungu. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukuthatha imithi yokunciphisa igazi, ukuhlala uthambile, nokugwema ukungabi namandla isikhathi eside ngesikhathi sokuhamba.

Uthombosis utholakala kanjani?

Ukuxilongwa kuqala ngokubalwa kwegazi okuphelele (CBC) okuqala amazinga eeplatelet zakho. Lolu hlolo lwegazi oluqondile ngokuvamile lubonisa uthombosis ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwezempilo okujwayelekile.

Udokotela wakho uzophinda ahlole igazi ukuqinisekisa inani leeplatelet eliphezulu. Ngezinye izikhathi amazinga eeplatelet angase aphakame okwesikhashana ngenxa yokuntuleka kwamanzi noma ukugula kwamuva, ngakho-ke ukuqinisekiswa kubalulekile.

Ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kusiza ukuthola imbangela:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuqala ukuma nobukhulu beplatelet
• Izifundo ze-iron ukuhlola ukungabi nazo
• Izimpawu zokuvuvukala njenge-C-reactive protein
• Ukuhlolwa kokutheleleka noma izimo zokungasebenzi kahle komzimba
• Ukuhlolwa kwezakhiwo ngenxa yokuguquka okuhlobene nokuthombosis oyinhloko
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-bone marrow kwezinye izimo

Udokotela wakho angase futhi ayale ukuhlolwa kwezithombe njenge-CT scans noma i-ultrasounds ukuqala izimo eziyimbangela njengomsuza noma izitho ezinkulu. Ukuhlolwa okuthile kuya ngezimpawu zakho nomlando wakho wezokwelapha.

Ukuthola ukuxilongwa okuchane kuthatha isikhathi ngoba izimo eziningi zingabangela iiplatelet eziphezulu. Udokotela wakho uzoqala ukusebenza ngendlela ehlelekile ukuthola imbangela.

Yikuphi ukwelashwa kokuthombosis?

Ukwelashwa kuya ngokuthi unethombosis oyinhloko noma wesibili nengozi yezinhlungu. Abantu abaningi abane-elevation encane badinga ukulandelelwa kuphela ngaphandle kokwelashwa okusebenzayo.

Ngokuthombosis wesibili, ukwelapha isimo esiyimbangela ngokuvamile kuletha amazinga eeplatelet ebuya ejwayelekile. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ama-antibiotics ngenxa yokutheleleka, imithi yokulwa nokuvuvukala, noma izithasiselo ze-iron ngenxa yokuntuleka.

Izinketho zokwelashwa zokuthombosis oyinhloko zihlanganisa:

• I-aspirin encinyane ukuze kunciphisa ingozi yokugqiba kwegazi
• I-Hydroxyurea ukuze kunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kweeplatelet
• I-Anagrelide ukuze iqondiswe ngokukhethekile ezicubwini ezakha iiplatelet
• I-Interferon kubantu abasebancane noma ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa
• I-Plateletpheresis ngenxa yokunciphisa iiplatelet eziphuthumayo

Udokotela wakho uqala ukuhlola iminyaka yakho, izimpawu, inani leeplatelet, nezinye izimbangela zengozi uma ekhetha ukwelashwa. Abantu abasebancane abangenazo izimpawu bangase badinge ukulandelelwa kuphela, kuyilapho abantu abadala noma labo abanezinga eliphezulu bavame ukuzuza emithi.

Imigomo yokwelashwa igxile ekuvimbeleni izinhlungu kunokulinganisa amazinga eeplatelet. Abantu abaningi baphila ngokujwayelekile ngokuthombosis olukhulu ngokuphathwa okuqondile.

Indlela yokuphatha uthombosis ekhaya?

Ukuphathwa ekhaya kugxile ekuqedeni ingozi yeziqubu zegazi nokubuka izimpawu. Ukuguquka kokuphila okulula kungenza umehluko omkhulu empilweni yakho yonke.

Izindlela zokuphatha imihla ngemihla zihlanganisa:

• Ukuthatha imithi eyalelwe ngqo njengoba kuyalelwe
• Ukuhlala uthambile usuku lonke
• Ukuhamba njalo, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuhlala isikhathi eside
• Ukugqoka izokisi zokucindezela uma kuyalelwe
• Ukugwema ukubhema, okwandisa ingozi yokugqiba kwegazi
• Ukulawula ezinye izimo zempilo njengengcindezi yegazi ephakeme

Qaphela izimpawu zexwayiso zeziqubu zegazi noma izinkinga zokopha. Gcina uhlu lwezimpawu zakho nemithi yakho ukuze uhlanganyele nabaphakeli bezempilo. Ukuzivocavoca okujwayelekile, njengoba kuvunyelwe udokotela wakho, kungasiza ukuthuthukisa ukuhamba kwegazi.

Uma uthatha imithi yokunciphisa igazi, qaphela kakhulu ngokuvimbela ukulimala. Sebenzisa izibhrashi zama-toothbrush ezithambile, gqoka izinto zokukhusela ngesikhathi semisebenzi, utshele bonke abahlinzeki bezempilo ngemithi yakho ngaphambi kwezinqubo.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani i-aphoyintimenti yakho nodokotela?

Ukulungiselela kusiza ukwenza okuningi nge-aphoyintimenti yakho futhi kuqinisekisa ukuthi udokotela wakho uneyonke imininingwane edingekayo. Buthana amarekhodi akho wezokwelapha bese ucabanga ngezimpawu zakho ngaphambi kokuya.

Letha lezi zinto e-aphoyintimenti yakho:

• Uhlu lwayo yonke imithi nezihlanganisi ezikhona
• Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwegazi yangaphambili ebonisa amazinga eeplatelet
• Umbhalo wezimpawu ngezinsuku nobukhulu
• Umlando womndeni wezifo zegazi noma izinkinga zokugqiba kwegazi
• Amakhadi e-Insurance nokubonakaliswa
• Uhlu lwemibuzo ofuna ukuyibuza

Bhala izimpawu zakho ngisho noma zibonakala zingahlobene. Faka lapho zaqala khona, yini eyenza zibe ngcono noma zimbi, nokuthi zikuthinta kanjani imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke. Lolu lwazi lusiza udokotela wakho ukuthi aqonde isimo sakho kangcono.

Cabanga ukuthi ulethe ilungu lomndeni noma umngani ngenxa yokusekela, ikakhulukazi uma ukhathazekile nge-aphoyintimenti. Bangakusiza ukuba ukhumbule imininingwane ebalulekile futhi ubuze imibuzo ongayikhumbula.

Yini eyinhloko ngokuthombosis?

Uthombosis yisimo esilawuleka esiphila ngaso abantu abaningi ngempumelelo. Nakuba ukuba neeplatelet eziningi kakhulu kuzwakala kukhathaza, izimo eziningi azibangeli izinkinga ezinkulu ngokulandelelwa nokwelashwa okuqondile.

Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okumele uzikhumbule:

• Abantu abaningi abanawo ubuhlungu futhi baphila impilo evamile
• Uthombosis wesibili uhlala uthuthuka uma izimo eziyimbangela zilawulwa
• Ukuqapha okujwayelekile kusiza ukuvimbela izinhlungu
• Ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo kukhona uma kudingeka
• Ukuguquka kokuphila kunganciphisa ingozi yezinkinga

Sebenzani eduze neqembu lakho lezokwelapha ukuqonda isimo sakho esithile. Isipiliyoni sabo bonke abantu ngokuthombosis sihlukile, futhi uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa kufanele luqondiswe ezidingweni zakho nezimbangela zengozi.

Hlala unolwazi ngesimo sakho, kodwa ungavumeli ukuthi sikubeke impilo yakho. Ngokuphathwa okuqondile, abantu abaningi abanethombosis baqhubeka bejabulela impilo enhle nemisebenzi evamile.

Imibuzo evamile ebuzwa ngokuthombosis

Uthombosis ungaphela yini ngokwakhe?

Uthombosis wesibili uhlala ubuya ejwayelekile uma imbangela ilawulwa. Isibonelo, uma ukutheleleka kubangele iiplatelet zakho eziphezulu, ukwelapha ukutheleleka ngokuvamile kuletha inani lakho phansi. Uthombosis oyinhloko, kodwa-ke, ngokuvamile uyisimo esingapheli esidinga ukuphathwa okuqhubekayo kunokuba uphele ngokuphelele.

Uthombosis uthathwa njengohlobo lomsuza yini?

Uthombosis oyinhloko uhlukaniswa njengesifo segazi, ikakhulukazi i-myeloproliferative neoplasm. Nakuba lokhu kuzwakala kukhathaza, ngokuvamile alubi kakhulu kunomsuza ojwayelekile. Abantu abaningi abanethombosis oyinhloko banesikhathi sokuphila esijwayelekile noma esisondelene nesijwayelekile ngokwelashwa okuqondile. Uthombosis wesibili alulona umsuza nhlobo - yindlela yomzimba wakho yokusabela kwenye isimo.

Ngingazivocavoca yini uma nginethombosis?

Abantu abaningi abanethombosis bangazivocavoca ngokuphepha futhi kufanele bahlale bekhuthele ngenxa yempilo yabo yonke. Ukuhamba okujwayelekile empeleni kusiza ukuvimbela iziqubu zegazi, okusiza uma uneeplatelet eziphezulu. Kodwa-ke, uma uthatha imithi yokunciphisa igazi, ungase udinga ukugwema imidlalo yokuqhakambisa noma imisebenzi engozi enkulu. Hlala ukhuluma ngezinhlelo zakho zokuzivocavoca nodokotela wakho.

Ngingadingeka yini ukuthatha imithi impilo yami yonke?

Lokhu kuya ngohlobo lwakho lokuthombosis nezimbangela zengozi zomuntu siqu. Abantu abanethombosis wesibili bangase badinge ukwelashwa okwesikhashana kuphela kuze kube yilapho isimo sabo siphulukile. Labo abanethombosis oyinhloko bavame ukudinga imithi yesikhathi eside, kodwa akuwona wonke umuntu ofuna ukwelashwa ngokushesha. Udokotela wakho uzoqala ukubuka njalo ukuthi udinga imithi eqhubekayo yini ngokusekelwe emazingeni eeplatelet zakho nempilo yakho yonke.

Uthombosis ungathinta ukukhulelwa yini?

Uthombosis ungathinta ukukhulelwa, kodwa abesifazane abaningi banokukhulelwa okuphumelelayo ngokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okuqondile. Izinkinga eziyinhloko yingozi eyenziwe yiziqubu zegazi nezinhlungu zokukhulelwa njengokukhulelwa okungapheli. Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lizokulandela eduze futhi lingase lilungise imithi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha kwakho nempilo yengane yakho. Eminye imithi esetshenziswa ngokuthombosis ayiphephile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ngakho-ke ukuhlela kusengaphambili kubalulekile.