Uthombolobhilethi yini? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

Uthombolobhilethi iwukuvuvukala kwe-vein kubangelwa yisigaxa legazi. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho isigaxa senziwa ngaphakathi kwe-vein, ngokuvamile ezinyaweni zakho, okubangela ukuba udonga lwe-vein oluzungezile luqale lube bukhulu futhi lube buhlungu. Nakuba kuzwakala kukhathaza, izimo eziningi ziphendula kahle ekwelapheni uma zitholakala ngokushesha.

Cabanga ngakho njengokungathi kunesiphazamiso endleleni yomzimba wakho. Lapho isigaxa sivala ukugeleza kwegazi e-vein, indawo iba yivuvukala, njengendlela ipayipi evaliwe lingabangela ngayo ukucindezela nokukhula. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ngokunakekelwa okuqondile, umzimba wakho ngokuvamile ungaphola kuleli simo ngokuphelele.

Ziyini izimpawu zokuthombolobhilethi?

Isayini evamile oyibona yibuhlungu nobuhlungu eceleni kwe-vein ethintekile, ngokuvamile kanye nobomvu obubonakalayo nokukhula. Lezi zimpawu ngokuvamile zivele kancane kancane ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, nakuba ngezinye izikhathi zingavele ngokushesha.

Nawa amaphuzu abalulekile okumelwe uwabheke, uqale ngalawa avamile kakhulu:

• Ubuhlungu noma ubuhlungu eceleni kwe-vein, ikakhulukazi uma uhamba noma umi
• Isikhumba esibomvu, esishisayo phezu kwendawo ethintekile
• Ukukhula ohlangothini oluthintekile lwenyawo noma ingalo
• Ukuzizwa okuqine kakhulu, okufana nomqhele phansi kwesikhumba lapho i-vein ikhona
• Ukuqabuka okuncane (ngokuvamile okuphansi)
• Isikhumba esizizwa siqinile noma esisundu phezu kwendawo ekhulile

Ezimeni ezingavamile, ungase uhlangabezane nezimpawu ezikhathazayo njengokuphelelwa umoya ngokuzuma, ubuhlungu esifubeni, noma ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo. Lokhu kungabonisa ukuthi isigaxa siye ezimpungwini zakho, okudinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Izimpawu zivame ukuzizwa zimbi uma usebenza, kodwa ubuhlungu ngokuvamile abuyi ngokuphelele ngisho noma ukhulu. Abantu abaningi bayichaza njengokuzwa okujulile, okuhlungu kunokuba yibuhlungu obukhulu.

Ziyini izinhlobo zokuthombolobhilethi?

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zokuthombolobhilethi, nokuqonda umehluko kusiza ekutholeni indlela efanele yokwelapha. Indawo ye-vein ethintekile yenza umehluko omkhulu ekuthini isimo sibukhulu kangakanani.

Uthombolobhilethi olukhulu olukhulu luthinta ama-vein aseduze nobuso besikhumba sakho. Lolu hlobo ngokuvamile alubi kakhulu futhi ngokuvamile luphela ngokwelashwa okuyisisekelo. Ungabona futhi uzizwe i-vein ethintekile njengomqhele obomvu, obuhlungu phansi kwesikhumba sakho.

Uthombolobhilethi olujulile lwe-vein, oluthiwa yi-deep vein thrombosis (DVT), luhilela ama-vein ajulile emathinini akho. Lolu hlobo ludinga ukwelashwa okusheshayo ngoba izigaxa ezivela ema-vein ajulile zinama-chance aphezulu okuqhekeka nokufuduka ezimpungwini zakho noma kwamanye amalungu.

Izimo eziningi zokuthombolobhilethi abantu abazibhekana nazo yilolu hlobo olukhulu, oluvame ukuba lukhathazayo kunokuba lube yingozi. Noma kunjalo, udokotela wakho uzodinga ukuthola ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo olukuyo ukuze anikeze ukunakekelwa okufanele.

Yini ebangela uthombolobhilethi?

Uthombolobhilethi ukhula lapho okuthile kukhuthaza igazi lakho ukuba lenze isigaxa ngaphakathi kwe-vein lapho kungafanele. Lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa yokulimala, ukugeleza kwegazi okuhamba kancane, noma ukushintsha emakhemikhali egazi lakho okwenza kube lula ukwenza isigaxa.

Izimbangela ezivamile kakhulu zihlanganisa:

• Ukuhlala isikhathi eside noma ukulala embhedeni (njengezindiza ezinde noma ukuhlala esibhedlela)
• Ukulimala kwe-vein okuvela ekuhlinzweni kwezokwelapha noma ekulimaleni
• Imithi ethile, ikakhulukazi amaphilisi okuzala noma ukwelashwa kwamahomoni
• Ukukhulelwa nesikhathi sokubeletha
• Ukubhema, okuthinta ukugeleza kwegazi
• Ukukhuluphala, okungase kuhambise ukugeleza kwegazi
• Izimo ezithile zezokwelapha njengomdlavuza noma izifo zokuziphatha komzimba

Ngezinye izikhathi uthombolobhilethi ukhula ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacile, okuthi odokotela bakubize ngokuthi "idiopathic." Lokhu kuvame kakhulu kubantu abadala noma abantu abanezinhlungu zempilo ezingaphansi ezithinta ukwenza isigaxa.

Ezimeni ezingavamile, izifo zokwenza isigaxa eziwusifa zingenza abanye abantu babe nomkhuba wokwenza izigaxa. Udokotela wakho angase ahlole lezi zimo uma uneziqephu eziphindaphindayo noma umlando omkhulu womndeni wezigaxa.

Nini okumelwe ubheke udokotela ngokuthombolobhilethi?

Kumelwe uxhumane nodokotela wakho uma ubona ubuhlungu obuqhubekayo, ubomvu, nokukhula eceleni kwe-vein okungaphuli phakathi nosuku noma amabili. Ukwelashwa kwasekuqaleni kungavimba izinkinga futhi kukusize uzizwe ukhulu ngokushesha.

Funani ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi lezi zibonakaliso zezexwayiso:

• Ukuphelelwa umoya ngokuzuma noma ukuqabuka
• Ubuhlungu esifubeni obukhulu uma uphefumula ngokujulile
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo noma ukukhungatheka
• Ukukhokha igazi
• Ukukhula okukhulu kwenyawo noma ubuhlungu
• Ukuqabuka okuphezulu kuka-101°F (38.3°C)

Lezi zimpawu zingabonisa ukuthi isigaxa siye ezimpungwini zakho, okuyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha. Ungalindi noma uzama ukumelana nakho uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi lezi zibonakaliso.

Ngisho noma izimpawu zakho zibonakala zingenazinkinga, kufanele zihlonzwe. Udokotela wakho angabona ukuthi une-thrombophlebitis ejulile noma engaphansi futhi ancoma ukwelashwa okufanele.

Ziyini izinto ezingase zikwenze ube sengozini yokuthombolobhilethi?

Izinto ezithile zingandisa amathuba akho okukhula uthombolobhilethi, nakuba ukuba nezinto ezingase zikwenze ube sengozini akusho ukuthi uzothola leli simo. Ukuqonda ingozi yakho siqu kungakusiza uthathe izinyathelo zokuvikela.

Izinto ezivame ukwenza ube sengozini zihlanganisa:

• Iminyaka engaphezu kuka-60, njengoba ukugeleza kwegazi kuhamba kancane ngokwemvelo njengoba ukhula
• Ukuba ngumuntu onesisindo esingaphezulu noma onokukhuluphala
• Ukubhema noma ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo yotshwala
• Ukusebenzisa amaphilisi okuzala noma ukwelashwa kwamahomoni
• Ukuba nomlando womuntu siqu noma womndeni wezigaxa
• Ukuhlinzwa kwamuva, ikakhulukazi ukuhlinzwa kwe-orthopedic noma esiswini
• Umdlavuza noma ukwelashwa komdlavuza njenge-chemotherapy
• Ukukhulelwa noma ukubeletha kwamuva
• Ukulala embhedeni isikhathi eside noma ukungakwazi ukuhamba

Ezinye izimo ze-genetic ezingavamile zingase zikwenze ube sengozini ngokuthinta indlela igazi lakho eliwenza ngayo isigaxa. Lokhu kuhlanganisa i-Factor V Leiden deficiency, i-protein C noma i-S deficiency, ne-antithrombin deficiency.

Ukuba nezinto eziningi ezingase zikwenze ube sengozini akusho ukuthi uzothola uthombolobhilethi. Abantu abaningi abanezinye izinto ezingase zikwenze ube sengozini abazange bahlangabezane nezingozi, kanti abanye abanezinye izinto ezingase zikwenze ube sengozini bayazithola. Okubalulekile ukwazi futhi uthathe izinyathelo ezifanele uma kungenzeka.

Ziyini izinkinga ezingase zenzeke ngokuthombolobhilethi?

Izimo eziningi zokuthombolobhilethi olukhulu olukhulu ziyaphola ngaphandle kwezinkinga ezinkulu, ikakhulukazi uma zilaphelwa ngokushesha. Noma kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi yini engase ibe khona uma isimo singalawulwa kahle.

Izinkinga ezivamile kakhulu zihlanganisa:

• I-pulmonary embolism (isigaxa esimpungwini) - kungenzeka kakhulu nge-deep vein thrombosis
• I-Post-thrombotic syndrome, ebangela ubuhlungu obungapheli benyawo nokukhula
• I-Chronic venous insufficiency, eholela ezingozini eziqhubekayo zokugijima
• Uthombolobhilethi oluphindaphindayo ema-vein afanayo noma ahlukile
• Ukushintsha kwesikhumba nama-ulcers ezimeni ezinzima, ezingalawulwanga

I-Pulmonary embolism iyinkinga enzima kakhulu, nakuba ingavamile nge-thrombophlebitis olukhulu olukhulu. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho isigaxa siqhekeka siye ezimpungwini zakho, okungenzeka sivale ukugeleza kwegazi futhi kwenze kube nzima ukuphefumula.

Abantu abaningi baphola ngokuphelele ngokuthombolobhilethi ngaphandle kwemiphumela ende. Ukusebenzisana eduze nodokotela wakho nokulandela iziphakamiso zokwelapha kunciphisa kakhulu ingozi yezinkinga.

Uthombolobhilethi lungavimbeka kanjani?

Ungathatha izinyathelo eziningana eziwusizo ukuze unciphise ingozi yakho yokukhula uthombolobhilethi, ikakhulukazi uma unezinto ezaziwayo ezingase zikwenze ube sengozini. Ukuvimbela kugxila ekuqinisiseni ukugeleza kwegazi lakho futhi ugweme izimo ezikhuthaza ukwenza isigaxa.

Nawa amasu okuvimbela asebenza kakhulu:

• Hlala usebenza ngokuhamba njalo noma ukuzivocavoca
• Gwema ukuhlala noma ukuqina endaweni eyodwa isikhathi eside
• Gqoka izokisi zokucindezela uma kunconywe udokotela wakho
• Hlala unamanzi amaningi, ikakhulukazi uma uhamba
• Gcina isisindo esinempilo
• Ungabhemi noma uyeke uma ubhema njengamanje
• Nyakaza imilenze yakho njalo ngezinkambo ezinde

Uma ukhulu kakhulu ngenxa yokuhlinzwa, ukukhulelwa, noma izimo zezokwelapha, udokotela wakho angase ancome izinyathelo ezengeziwe zokuvikela. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukunciphisa igazi ngemithi noma ukulandelela okukhulu.

Imikhuba yansuku zonke elula njengokuhamba njalo, ukwenza ama-ankle pumps uma uhlala, nokuqapha izingubo eziqina kakhulu kungenza umehluko omkhulu. Umgomo ukugcina igazi lakho ligeleza kahle emzimbeni wakho.

Uthombolobhilethi uhlolwa kanjani?

Udokotela wakho uzoqala ngokuhlola indawo ethintekile nokuthola ulwazi ngezimpawu zakho nomlando wakho wezokwelapha. Ngokuvamile, uthombolobhilethi olukhulu olukhulu lungahlolwa ngokuhlolwa komzimba kuphela, njengoba i-vein evuvukile ngokuvamile ibonakala futhi ibonakala phansi kwesikhumba.

Ukuze uthole ukuhlolwa okujulile, udokotela wakho angase ayalele:

• I-Ultrasound ukubona ukugeleza kwegazi nokubona izigaxa
• I-D-dimer blood test ukuhlola imikhiqizo yokwahlukaniswa kwesigaxa
• Ukubalwa kwegazi okuphelele ukubuka izimpawu zokutheleleka
• I-CT noma i-MRI scans ezimweni eziyinkimbinkimbi
• I-Venography (ayidingeki ngokuvamile) ukuze uthole isithombe esicacile se-vein

I-Ultrasound iyona ivivinyo elivamile nelisebenza kakhulu lokuhlola uthombolobhilethi. Ayinazinkinga futhi ingabonisa ukuthi izigaxa zikhona yini ema-vein amakhulu nawo ajulile. Uvivinyo luthatha cishe imizuzu engu-15-30 futhi lunikeza imiphumela ngokushesha.

Udokotela wakho angase afune ukuhlola izimbangela ezingaphansi, ikakhulukazi uma uneziqephu eziphindaphindayo. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukuhlola izifo zokwenza isigaxa noma ukuhlola umdlavuza ezimweni ezithile.

Yini ukwelashwa kokuthombolobhilethi?

Ukuphathwa kokuthombolobhilethi kugxila ekuqedeni ukuvuvukala, ukuvimbela isigaxa ukuba singakhula, nokunciphisa izimpawu zakho. Indlela ethile ixhomeke ekutheni une-thrombophlebitis ejulile noma engaphansi.

Ngokuthombolobhilethi olukhulu olukhulu, ukwelashwa ngokuvamile kuhlanganisa:

• Imithi yokulwa nokuvuvukala njenge-ibuprofen noma i-naproxen
• Ukufaka izinto ezishisayo endaweni ethintekile
• Izokisi zokucindezela ukuthuthukisa ukugeleza kwegazi
• Ukuphakamisa uhlangothi oluthintekile uma ukhulu
• Ukwanda kancane kwemisebenzi njengoba izimpawu ziphulukana

Uthombolobhilethi olujulile lwe-vein ludinga ukwelashwa okukhulu ngemithi yokunciphisa igazi (ama-anticoagulants). Le mithi ikusiza ukuvimbela isigaxa ukuba singakhula futhi kunciphisa ingozi yokuqhekeka nokufuduka ezimpungwini zakho.

Ezimeni ezingavamile, ezinzima, odokotela bangase bancome izinqubo zokususa isigaxa ngokuqondile. Noma kunjalo, abantu abaningi bayaphendula kahle emithi nasekwenzeni izinto ezisiza.

Ukuphathwa ngokuvamile kuhlala amasonto ambalwa kuya ezinyangeni, kuye ekuthini isimo sibukhulu kangakanani nezinto ezingase zikwenze ube sengozini. Udokotela wakho uzolandelela intuthuko yakho futhi alungise uhlelo lokwelapha njengoba kudingeka.

Indlela yokunakekela wena ekhaya ngesikhathi sokukhula uthombolobhilethi?

Ukukhathalela ekhaya kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuphileni kwakho kokuthombolobhilethi. Izinyathelo ezifanele zokunakekela wena zingasiza ekuqedeni ubuhlungu, ukuvimbela izinkinga, nokukhuthaza ukuphulukana.

Nawa ongenza ekhaya ukuze usekele ukuphulukana kwakho:

• Faka ubushushu obufudumele, obunamanzi endaweni ethintekile imizuzu engu-15-20 izikhathi eziningi ngosuku
• Gcina unyawo oluthintekile luphakeme kunenhliziyo yakho uma ukhulu
• Gqoka izokisi zokucindezela njengoba kunconywe udokotela wakho
• Thatha imithi eyalwe ngokuqondile njengoba kunconywe
• Hlala usebenza ngokuhamba okuthambile njengoba ubekezelela
• Phuza amanzi amaningi ukuze uhlale unamanzi
• Gwema ukuhlala noma ukuqina isikhathi eside

Ukuphathwa kobuhlungu ngokuvamile kuyinto ebalulekile ngesikhathi sokuphulukana. Imithi yokulwa nokuvuvukala engathengwa ngaphandle kwemithi ingasiza ekuqedeni ubuhlungu nokukhula, kodwa hlola nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuwathatha, ikakhulukazi uma usebenzisa imithi yokunciphisa igazi.

Qaphela ukuthi izimpawu zakho zishintsha kanjani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Abantu abaningi baphawula ukuthuthuka kancane ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kuya emakhulwini. Xhumana nodokotela wakho uma izimpawu zakho zibe zimbi noma uma uthola izibonakaliso ezintsha ezikhathazayo.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani i-appointment yakho yodokotela?

Ukulungiselela i-appointment yakho kungasiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola ukuxilongwa okuchane kakhulu nokuphathwa okufanele. Ukuba nolwazi olufanele okulungile kuzosiza udokotela wakho ukuqonda isimo sakho kangcono.

Ngaphambi kokuvakasha kwakho, qokelela ulwazi mayelana nokuthi:

• Nini izimpawu zakho zaqala nokuthi zishintshe kanjani
• Yonke imithi kanye nezinye izinto ozithatha njengamanje
• Ukuhamba kwamuva, ukuhlinzwa, noma izikhathi zokungakwazi ukuhamba
• Umlando womndeni wezigaxa noma izifo zokwenza isigaxa
• Nanoma yiziphi iziqephu zangaphambili zezimpawu ezifanayo
• Imibuzo mayelana nesimo sakho kanye nezindlela zokwelapha

Kusiza ukubhala izimpawu zakho nokulinganisa izinga lobuhlungu bakho ngesilinganiso esingu-1-10. Thatha izithombe zendawo ethintekile uma ubomvu noma ukukhula kubonakala, njengoba lokhu kungasiza udokotela wakho ukulandelela izinguquko.

Ungangabazi ukubuza imibuzo ngesikhathi se-appointment yakho. Ukuqonda isimo sakho kanye nelenkaneli yokwelapha kuzokusiza uzizwe ukhulu ngokuphathelene nokuphatha ukuphulukana kwakho.

Yini okufanele uyikhumbule ngokuthombolobhilethi?

Uthombolobhilethi yisimo esingelashwa esingakhululeki, kodwa ngokuvamile siphendula kahle ekunakekelweni kwezokwelapha okufanele. Okubalulekile ukubona izimpawu ngokushesha futhi uthole ukuhlolwa okufanele ukuze uthole indlela efanele yokwelapha.

Abantu abaningi abane-thrombophlebitis olukhulu olukhulu baphola ngokuphelele phakathi kwamasonto ambalwa ngokwelashwa okufanele. Ngisho ne-deep vein thrombophlebitis, nakuba inzima kakhulu, ingaphathwa kahle ngokwelashwa kwezokwelapha kwamanje.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumelwe uyikhumbule ukuthi awudingi ukuphatha leli simo wedwa. Ithimba lakho lezokunakekela lilapho ukuqondisa ngokwelashwa nokusiza ukuvimbela izinkinga. Ngokunakekelwa okuqondile nokukhathalela, ungalindela ukubuyela emisebenzini yakho evamile.

Ukuvimbela kuhlala kuyindlela yakho engcono kakhulu yokugwema iziqephu zesikhathi esizayo. Ukuhlala usebenza, ukugcina indlela yokuphila enempilo, nokuba uqaphele izinto ezingase zikwenze ube sengozini kunganciphisa kakhulu amathuba akho okukhula uthombolobhilethi futhi.

Imibuzo evamile mayelana nothombolobhilethi

Uthombolobhilethi ungaphela yedwa?

Uthombolobhilethi olukhulu olukhulu oluthambile lungase luphule ngaphandle kokwelashwa, kodwa ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha kusabalulekile ukuvimbela izimo ezinkulu. Ukwelashwa okufanele kusiza ukuvimbela izinkinga nokukhuthaza ukuphulukana. Uthombolobhilethi olujulile lwe-vein luhlale ludinga ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha ukuvimbela izinkinga ezinkulu njenge-pulmonary embolism.

Uthombolobhilethi uthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuphulukana?

Uthombolobhilethi olukhulu olukhulu ngokuvamile luphulukana phakathi kwamasonto angu-1-2 ngokwelashwa, nakuba ukuphulukana okuphelele kungathatha amasonto ambalwa. Uthombolobhilethi olujulile lwe-vein ngokuvamile ludinga izinyanga ezingu-3-6 zokwelashwa ngemithi yokunciphisa igazi. Isikhathi sakho sokuphola siqu siye kuye ekuthini isimo sakho sibukhulu kangakanani nokuthi uphendula kanjani ekwelapheni.

Kuphephile yini ukuzivocavoca ngokuthombolobhilethi?

Ukuhamba okuthambile ngokuvamile kukhuthazwa njengoba kusiza ekuthuthukiseni ukugeleza kwegazi nokuvimbela ukwenza isigaxa okwengeziwe. Noma kunjalo, kufanele ugweme ukuzivocavoca okunzima kuze kube yilapho udokotela wakho ekukhulula. Isimo somuntu ngamunye sihlukile, ngakho-ke landela iziphakamiso eziqondile zedokotela wakho mayelana namazinga wemisebenzi ngesikhathi sokuphulukana.

Ngingadinga ukusebenzisa imithi yokunciphisa igazi phakade?

Abantu abaningi abane-thrombophlebitis abadingi imithi yokunciphisa igazi yempilo yonke. Isikhathi sokwelashwa ngokuvamile sihlala amasonto ambalwa kuya ezinyangeni ezimbalwa, kuye kuye esimweni sakho nezinto ezingase zikwenze ube sengozini. Abanye abantu abanezigaxa eziphindaphindayo noma izimo ezithile ze-genetic bangadinga ukwelashwa isikhathi eside, kodwa udokotela wakho uzohlola isimo sakho siqu.

Uthombolobhilethi ungabuya yini ngemuva kokwelashwa?

Uthombolobhilethi ungabuya, ikakhulukazi uma izinto ezingase zikwenze ube sengozini zingalungiswa. Noma kunjalo, ukulandela amasu okuvimbela njengokuhlala usebenza, ukugcina isisindo esinempilo, nokugwema ukungakwazi ukuhamba isikhathi eside kunciphisa kakhulu ingozi yakho. Udokotela wakho uzoxoxa ngezinto ezingase zikwenze ube sengozini kanye nelenkaneli yakho yokuvikela ngokususelwa ezimweni zakho siqu.