Uyini i-TMJ? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

I-TMJ imelela isifo se-temporomandibular joint, isimo esithinta amajoyinti axhuma umgubhu wakho ekhanda lakho. Cabanga ngala majoyinti njengezinqindi ezikuvumela ukuvula nokuvala umlomo wakho, ukugaya, nokukhuluma. Uma kukhona okungahambi kahle kula majoyinti noma imisipha ezungeze wona, ungase uhlushwe ubuhlungu, imisindo yokuqhafaza, noma ubunzima bokuhambisa umgubhu wakho ngokujwayelekile.

Uyini i-TMJ?

Isifo se-TMJ sivela uma amajoyinti omgubhu wakho engahambisani kahle. Amajoyinti akho e-temporomandibular abekwe phambi nje kwezindlebe zakho, futhi angamajoyinti aphepheke kakhulu emzimbeni wakho.

La majoyinti asebenza nemisipha, ama-ligaments, nesisindo esincane ukuze akusize umgubhu wakho uhambe ngezindlela ezahlukene. Uma noma yiliphi izingxenye lalesi sistimu licasukile noma lilimele, lingabangela ukuqoqwa kwezimpawu esikubiza ngokuthi isifo se-TMJ.

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi iningi lezingqinamba ze-TMJ lizesikhashana futhi lizothuthuka ngokwelashwa okulula. Awuwedwa ekubhekaneni nalokhu, futhi kunezindlela eziningi ezisebenzayo zokuthola impumuzo.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-TMJ?

Izimpawu ze-TMJ zingase zihluke kakhulu kumuntu nomuntu, kodwa ubuhlungu bomgubhu ngokuvamile yikhonkco eliqondene kakhulu. Ungase uqaphele lobu buhlungu uma uya, ukhuluma, noma ngisho nje uma ukhulu.

Nawa zimpawu ongazihlangabezana nazo ngesifo se-TMJ:

• Ubuhlungu bomgubhu noma ubuhlungu, ikakhulukazi eduze kwezindlebe zakho
• Imizwa yokuqhafaza noma yokuqhuma uma uvula noma uvala umlomo wakho
• Ubunzima bokuvula umlomo wakho kabanzi
• Umgubhu wakho “ubambekele” uvulekile noma uvaliwe
• Izinhlungu zikhanda, ikakhulukazi ekuseni
• Ubuhlungu bezindlebe noma imizwa yokugcwaliswa ezindlebeni zakho
• Ubuhlungu ebusweni noma ukukhathala kwemisipha yakho yomgubhu
• Ukushintsha kokufaneleka kwamazinyo akho uma ukuma
• Ubuhlungu entanyeni nasemahlombe

Abanye abantu nabo bahlangabezana nezimpawu ezingavamile njengokukhungatheka noma ukukhala ezindlebeni zabo. Lezi zimpawu zingase ziye ziye, futhi zingase zibe zimbi ngesikhathi sezimo ezinzima noma uma ucindezela umgubhu wakho kakhulu kunokujwayelekile.

Ziyini izinhlobo ze-TMJ?

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zezifo ze-TMJ, nokuqonda ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo ongalunayo kungasiza ukuqondisa ukwelashwa kwakho. Uhlobo ngalunye luthinta ingxenye ehlukile yesistimu yakho yomgubhu.

Uhlobo lokuqala luhilela izinkinga ngemisipha elawula ukuhamba komgubhu. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ubuhlungu be-myofascial, futhi yiyona ndlela evamile yesifo se-TMJ. Uzovame ukuzwa ubuhlungu bemisipha nobuhlungu ezungezile umgubhu wakho, itempile, nentanyeni.

Uhlobo lwesibili luvela uma kukhona inkinga ngesisindo esikhona ejoyinini yakho yomgubhu. Lesi sisindo sisebenza njengesihlalo phakathi kwamathanga. Uma siphuma endaweni noma silimele, ungase uzwe imisindo yokuqhafaza noma yokuqhuma, futhi umgubhu wakho ungase uzwe sengathi ubanjwe.

Uhlobo lwesithathu luhilela isifo se-arthritis noma ezinye izimo ezivuvukalayo ezithinta ijoyinti yomgubhu ngokwayo. Lokhu kungabangela ubuhlungu, ukukhuluphala, nokunciphisa ukuhamba, kufana ne-arthritis kwezinye amajoyinti emzimbeni wakho.

Yini ebangela i-TMJ?

Izifo ze-TMJ zingase zithuthukiswe ngezimbangela eziningana ezahlukene, futhi ngezinye izikhathi kuyinhlanganisela yezinto ezisebenza ndawonye. Imbangela eqondile ayicaci ngaso sonke isikhathi, okungase kuzwakale kubi, kodwa ukwazi izici ezivamile kungakusiza ukuqonda isimo sakho kangcono.

Nawa izimbangela ezivamile zesifo se-TMJ:

• Ukugaya amazinyo noma ukucindezela umgubhu, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokulala
• Ukuqina nokucindezeleka okubangela ukuthi uqinise imisipha yakho yomgubhu
• Ukulimala komgubhu wakho, ikhanda, noma entanyeni ngengozi noma ukuwa
• I-Arthritis ethinta ijoyinti yomgubhu
• Isimo esibi somzimba esicindezela intanyeni yakho nemisipha yobuso
• Ukukoma i-gum kakhulu noma ukudla ukudla okuqine kakhulu
• Izinkinga zamahlombe ezithinta indlela amazinyo akho ahlangana ngayo
• Ukushintsha kwamahomoni, ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane

Ngezinye izikhathi i-TMJ ithuthuka kancane ngaphandle kwesici esicacile. Kwezinye izimo ezingavamile, izifo ze-connective tissue noma imithi ethile ingase ibe nomthelela ezinkingeni zomgubhu. Into ebalulekile okumele uyikhumbule ukuthi kungakhathaliseki imbangela, kunezindlela zokwelapha ezitholakalayo ukuze zikusize uzizwe kangcono.

Nini okumele ubheke udokotela nge-TMJ?

Kufanele ucabangele ukubona umhlinzeki wezempilo uma ubuhlungu bomgubhu buhlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwamalanga ambalwa noma buqhubeka buphinde bubuyele. Nakuba izimpawu eziningi ze-TMJ ziphulukana zodwa, izinkinga eziqhubekayo zidinga ukunakekelwa kwabachwepheshe.

Xhumana nodokotela wakho noma udokotela wamazinyo uma uhlangabezana nobuhlungu obukhulu obuphazamisa ukudla noma ukukhuluma. Kufanele futhi ufune ukunakekelwa uma umgubhu wakho ubanjwe endaweni evulekile noma evaliwe, njengoba lokhu kudinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha.

Ezinye izimpawu ezifuna ukuvakashela zihlanganisa izinhlungu zikhanda ezibukeka zihlobene nobuhlungu bomgubhu, ukushintsha kokuzwa, noma uma imithi yokunciphisa ubuhlungu engathengwa ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela ayisizi. Ukwelashwa kwasekuqaleni kuvame ukuletha imiphumela emihle, ngakho ungangabazi ukucela usizo uma usikudinga.

Ziyini izici ezingase zikwenze ube sengozini ye-TMJ?

Izici ezithile zingakwenza ube nethuba elikhulu lokuthuthukisa isifo se-TMJ, nakuba ukuba nalezi zici ezingase zikwenze ube sengozini akusho ukuthi uzoba nezinkinga. Ukuziqonda kungakusiza uthathe izinyathelo zokuvikela impilo yomgubhu wakho.

Nawa ama-risk factors amakhulu e-TMJ:

• Ukuba owesifazane, ikakhulukazi phakathi kweminyaka engama-20-40
• Ukuba ne-arthritis, ikakhulukazi i-rheumatoid arthritis
• Umlando wokulimalala komgubhu noma ukulimala
• Ukuqina noma ukukhathazeka okuqhubekayo
• Imikhuba yokulala embi noma izifo zokulala
• Izinkinga ezithile zokuma noma amazinyo ashile
• Imikhuba efana nokukoma iinena noma ukukoma ipeni
• Ukudlala izinto zokukhuluma noma ukucula ngokuzikhandla
• Ukuba ne-fibromyalgia noma ezinye izimo zokukhathazeka okuqhubekayo

I-Genetics ingase futhi ibe nomthelela, njengoba i-TMJ ngezinye izikhathi iqhubeka emindenini. Noma kunjalo, abantu abaningi abanazo izici ezingase zikwenze ube sengozini abathuthuki izinkinga ze-TMJ, kanti abanye abangenazo izici ezingase zikwenze ube sengozini baye bahlangabezana nezimpawu.

Ziyini izinhlanganisela ezingase zibe khona ze-TMJ?

Abantu abaningi abanesifo se-TMJ baphila ngokuphelele ngokwelashwa okufanele, kodwa kuyinto yendalo ukukhathazeka ngezinhlanganisela ezingase zibe khona. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi izinhlanganisela ezinkulu azivamile, ikakhulukazi uma ubhekana nezimpawu ngokushesha.

Inhlanganisela evamile kakhulu yubuhlungu obuqhubekayo obungathinta ikhwalithi yokuphila kwakho. Lokhu kungase kwenze kube nzima ukudla ukudla okuthile, ukugxila emsebenzini, noma ukuthola ukulala okuhle. Abanye abantu nabo bathuthukisa ukushintsha kokuma noma ukugqoka kwamazinyo ngokugaya.

Kwezinye izimo ezingavamile, i-TMJ engaphathwe ingase iholele ekubhujisweni okukhulu kwamajoyinti noma ukushintsha okungapheli kokunyakaza komgubhu. Abanye abantu bangase bahlangabezane nezinhlungu zikhanda eziqhubekayo noma bathuthukise izinkinga zesibili njengobunhlungu bentanyeni noma izinkinga zezindlebe.

Kodwa-ke, ngokunakekelwa okufanele nokwelashwa, izinhlanganisela eziningi zingavikeleka noma ziphathwe kahle. Ithimba lakho lezokunakekelwa kwezempilo lizohlangana nawe ukuze linciphise noma yimiphi imiphumela yesikhathi eside futhi likusize ugcine umsebenzi omuhle womgubhu.

I-TMJ ingavikeleka kanjani?

Nakuba ungakwazi ukuvimbela zonke izimo ze-TMJ, kunezinyathelo eziningana ongazithatha ukuze unciphise ingozi yakho futhi uvikele amajoyinti akho omgubhu. Izindlela eziningi zokuvimbela zigxile ekuqedeni ukucindezeleka komgubhu wakho nasekulawuleni izinto ongazilawula.

Nawa amaqhinga asebenzayo okusiza ukuvimbela izinkinga ze-TMJ:

• Yenza isimo somzimba esihle, ikakhulukazi uma usebenza kukhompyutha
• Gwema ukukoma i-gum noma ukudla ukudla okuqine kakhulu, okuthambile
• Funda amasu okulawula ukucindezeleka njengokuphefumula okujulile noma ukucamngca
• Ungasebenzisi amazinyo akho ukuvula amapakeji noma ukugaya amantongomane
• Lala ngemuva noma eceleni, hhayi esiswini
• Bhekana nokugaya amazinyo nge-night guard uma kunconywe
• Thatha ama-breaks emisebenzini edinga umlomo wakho ukuthi uhlale uvulekile
• Gcina ulimi lwakho phezu komphetho womlomo wakho namazinyo ahlukene kancane uma ukhulu

Ukuhlola rhoqo kwamazinyo kungasiza futhi ekutholeni izinkinga ngokushesha ngaphambi kokuthi zithinte amajoyinti akho omgubhu. Uma uqaphela ukuthi ucindezela umgubhu wakho usuku lonke, izikhumbuzo ezimnene zokukhulula zingaba umkhuba osizayo.

I-TMJ ihlonishwa kanjani?

Ukuhlonishwa kwe-TMJ ngokuvamile kuqala ngodokotela wakho noma udokotela wamazinyo ebuza ngezimpawu zakho nokuhlola umgubhu wakho. Ayikho i-test eyodwa ye-TMJ, ngakho ukuhlonishwa kuxhomeke emlandweni wezimpawu zakho nokukhekelwa komzimba.

Phakathi kokuhlola, umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzolalela amajoyinti akho omgubhu njengoba uvula nokuvala umlomo wakho. Bazophinde bazwe imisipha ezungezile umgubhu wakho futhi bahlole ukuthi ungavula umlomo wakho kangakanani nokuthi umgubhu wakho uhamba ngokujwayelekile yini.

Ngezinye izikhathi kuyadingeka ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe ukuze kuqedwe ezinye izimo noma uthole umbono omuhle ngamajoyinti akho omgubhu. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise i-X-rays, i-CT scans, noma i-MRI imaging. Noma kunjalo, izimo eziningi ze-TMJ zingahlolwa futhi ziphathwe ngokusekelwe ezimpawu nasekuhlolweni kuphela.

Umhlinzeki wakho angase futhi akusize ngezilinganiso zakho zokucindezeleka, imikhuba yokulala, nanoma yimuphi umsebenzi wamahlombe wakamuva, njengoba lezi zici zingase zibe nomthelela ezimpawu ze-TMJ.

Ukuphathwa kwe-TMJ kuyini?

Ukuphathwa kwe-TMJ ngokuvamile kuqala ngezindlela ezilula ongaqala ngazo ekhaya. Abantu abaningi bathola impumuzo enkulu ngokwelashwa okulula, futhi ukucutshungulwa kuyinto engavamile.

Umugqa wokuqala wokwelashwa ngokuvamile uhlanganisa ukuphumula kwamajoyinti akho omgubhu nemithi yokulwa nokuvuvukala njenge-ibuprofen. Ukusebenzisa ama-ice packs imizuzu engama-10-15 ngesikhathi kungasiza ekuqedeni ubuhlungu nokukhuluphala, ikakhulukazi ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala.

Nawa amasu okuwelapha avamile umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo angase akuncoma:

• Imithi yokunciphisa ubuhlungu kanye nemithi yokulwa nokuvuvukala
• Imithi yokunciphisa imisipha ngenxa yokukhathazeka okukhulu kwemisipha
• Ama-night guards noma ama-splints ukuvimbela ukugaya amazinyo
• Ukuzivocavoca kwe-physical therapy ukuqinisa nokuqeda imisipha yomgubhu
• Ukubonisana ngokulawula ukucindezeleka noma amasu okuphumula
• Ukudubula i-trigger point ngenxa yobuhlungu bemisipha obukhulu
• Ukuphathwa kwe-orthodontic uma izinkinga zokuma zithinta izimpawu

Kwezinye izimo ezingavamile lapho ukwelashwa okulula kungasizi khona, izinketho eziphambili njenge-arthroscopy noma ukucutshungulwa kwamajoyinti kungase kucabangelwe. Noma kunjalo, abantu abaningi bathola impumuzo ngezindlela ezilula, ngakho ukwelashwa okuhlukanisayo ngokuvamile kuyindlela yokugcina.

Ungaphatha kanjani i-TMJ ekhaya?

Kunezinto eziningi ezisebenzayo ongazenza ekhaya ukuze usize ulawule izimpawu ze-TMJ bese usekela ukubuyela kwakho. Lezi zindlela zokunakekela ngokwakho zisebenza kahle kanye nokwelashwa kwabachwepheshe futhi zingakusiza kakhulu.

Qala ngokuvivinya umzimba womgubhu olula ukuze ugcine amajoyinti akho ehamba futhi unciphise ubunzima. Ukunyakaza okulula njengokuvula nokuvala umlomo wakho kancane noma ukumunca imisipha yakho yomgubhu kancane kungaba usizo kakhulu uma kwenziwa njalo.

Nawa amasu okuhlanza ekhaya e-TMJ:

• Dla ukudla okuthambile njenge-yogurt, usoso, namaqanda ahlanganisiwe
• Sika ukudla ube yizicucu ezincane ukuze unciphise umzamo wokugaya
• Sebenzisa ama-warm compresses ngemuva kokuba ukuvuvukala kuqale kuphele
• Yenza amasu okuphumula njengokuphefumula okujulile
• Gwema ukunyakaza okukhulu komgubhu njengokuvula umlomo wakho kabanzi
• Ungayeki i-chin yakho esandleni sakho
• Gcina izindebe zakho ndawonye namazinyo ahlukene kancane uma ukhulu
• Thola ukulala okwanele futhi ulawule amazinga okucindezeleka

Qaphela imikhuba engase ibe yimbangela yokwenza izimpawu zakho zibe zimbi, njengokukoma ipeni noma ukucindezela umgubhu ngesikhathi sokuqonda. Ukushintsha okuncane emkhubeni wakho wansuku zonke kungenza umehluko omkhulu endleleni umgubhu wakho ozizwa ngayo.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani i-appointment yakho yodokotela?

Ukulungiselela i-appointment yakho kungakusiza uthole okuningi ekuhambeni kwakho futhi kuqinisekise ukuthi umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo unemininingwane edingekayo ukuze akusize. Ukuthatha imizuzu embalwa ukuhlela imicabango yakho ngaphambi kwesikhathi kuzokwenza ukuvakashela kube nomphumela.

Qala ngokubhala zonke izimpawu zakho, kufaka phakathi ukuthi zaqala nini nokuthi yini ezenza zibe ngcono noma zimbi. Qaphela noma yimiphi imizamo oyibonile, njengokuthi izimpawu zimbi ekuseni noma ngemuva kwezinsuku ezinzima.

Letha uhlu lwazo zonke imithi kanye nezinye izinto ozithathayo, kufaka phakathi imithi yokunciphisa ubuhlungu engathengwa ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela. Futhi, bhala noma yimuphi umsebenzi wamahlombe wakamuva, ukulimala, noma ukucindezeleka okukhulu empilweni okungase kuhlangene nezinkinga zakho zomgubhu.

Lungisa imibuzo ofuna ukuyibuza, njengokuthi yiziphi izinketho zokwelapha ezitholakalayo, isikhathi sokubuyela esimweni esijwayelekile sivame ukuba yikuphi, nokuthi yini ongayenza ekhaya ukuze usize. Ungakhathazeki ngokubuza imibuzo eminingi kakhulu - umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ufuna ukukusiza uqonde isimo sakho.

Iyini into ebalulekile nge-TMJ?

Isifo se-TMJ yisimo esivamile esithinta amajoyinti akho omgubhu nemisipha, sibangela ubuhlungu nobunzima ngokunyakaza okujwayelekile komgubhu. Nakuba izimpawu zingase zibe zingezinhle futhi ngezinye izikhathi zikhathaza, into ebalulekile okumele uyikhumbule ukuthi abantu abaningi baphila kahle ngokwelashwa okufanele.

Iningi lezimpawu ze-TMJ liphulukana ngokwelashwa okulula njengokuphumula, ukuphathwa kobuhlungu, nokushintsha okulula kwesitayela sempilo. Awudingi ukuhlupheka uthule noma ukukhathazeka ukuthi izimpawu zakho zizoba zimbi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Uma uhlangabezana nobuhlungu bomgubhu noma ezinye izimpawu ze-TMJ, ukufinyelela kumhlinzeki wakho wezempilo kuyisinyathelo esihle sokuzizwa kangcono. Ngokuhlanganiswa okulungile kokunakekelwa kwabachwepheshe nokuphathwa ngokwakho, ungalindela ukubona ukuthuthuka ezimpawu zakho nokubuyela emsebenzini ojwayelekile womgubhu.

Imibuzo evamile ebuzwa nge-TMJ

Ingabe i-TMJ izophela yodwa?

Izimo eziningi ze-TMJ ziphulukana zodwa, ikakhulukazi uma zihlangene nezici zesikhashana njengokucindezeleka noma ukulimala okuncane. Noma kunjalo, izimpawu eziqhubeka amasonto amaningana noma ziyaphazamisa imisebenzi yansuku zonke kufanele ziqondiswe kumhlinzeki wezempilo. Ukwelashwa kwasekuqaleni kuvame ukuletha impumuzo ngokushesha futhi kungavimbela izimpawu ezingabi yizikhathi ezide.

Ingabe i-TMJ ingabangela izinkinga zezindlebe?

Yebo, i-TMJ ingabangela izimpawu ezihlobene nezindlebe ngoba amajoyinti akho omgubhu abekwe eduze kakhulu nemisila yakho yezindlebe. Ungase uhlangabezane nobuhlungu bezindlebe, imizwa yokugcwaliswa ezindlebeni zakho, noma ngisho nokushintsha kokuzwa. Lezi zimpawu zenzeka ngoba imisipha nezinzwa ezungezile ijoyinti yakho yomgubhu zixhunyiwe ezakhiweni endaweni yakho yendlebe.

Ingabe i-TMJ ivame kakhulu kwabesifazane kunamadoda?

Isifo se-TMJ siyasithinta kakhulu abesifazane kunamadoda, ikakhulukazi abesifazane abaseminyakeni yabo yokuzala. Lokhu kungase kuhlangene nezici zamahomoni, ukwahluka kokubona ubuhlungu, noma amazinga aphezulu okucindezeleka nokukhathazeka. Noma kunjalo, i-TMJ ingathinta noma ubani kungakhathaliseki ubudala noma ubulili, ngakho ungawadediseli izimpawu ngokusekelwe kubantu kuphela.

Ingabe ukucindezeleka kungenza kube khona i-TMJ?

Ukuqina kuyinye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu eziyimbangela yesifo se-TMJ. Uma ucindezelekile, unethuba elikhulu lokuqina umgubhu wakho, ukugaya amazinyo akho, noma ukubamba ukucindezeleka kwemisipha yakho yobuso. Lokhu kuqina okwengeziwe kwamajoyinti akho omgubhu nemisipha kungase kubangele noma kwenze izimpawu ze-TMJ zibe zimbi. Ukulawula ukucindezeleka ngamasu okuphumula, ukuzivocavoca, noma ukubonisana kungaba yingxenye ebalulekile yokwelashwa.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuze i-TMJ iphulukane?

Isikhathi sokubuyela esimweni esijwayelekile se-TMJ sihluka kuye ngokukhulu kwezimpawu zakho nembangela ehambisana nayo. Abanye abantu baqaphela ukuthuthuka ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala kokwelashwa, kanti abanye bangadinga amasonto noma izinyanga eziningana ukuze baphile ngokuphelele. Iningi lezimpawu ze-TMJ ezibuhlungu liyaphela phakathi kwamasonto ambalwa ngokunakekelwa okufanele. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo angakunika umbono omuhle wokulindela okuthile ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho esithile.