Ukuthi Yini Umdlavuza Wolwimi? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

Umdlavuza wolwimi uhlobo lomdlavuza womlomo oqala lapho amaseli elwimi lakho ekhula ngokungapheli. Lesi simo sithinta imisipha namalungu ahlanganisa ulwimi lwakho, olusebenza kakhulu ekukhulumeni, ekugeleni, nasekunambithekeni ukudla.

Iningi lomdlavuza wolwimi yi-squamous cell carcinomas, okusho ukuthi uqala kumaseli ahlanzekile, abukhali ahlanganisa ubuso bolwimi lwakho. Nakuba ukuzwa nganoma yiluphi uhlobo lomdlavuza kungase kube nzima, umdlavuza wolwimi uhlale uyakwelashwa uma utholakala ngokushesha, futhi abantu abaningi baqhubeka bephila impilo ezele, enempilo ngemuva kokwelashwa.

Ziyini izimpawu zomdlavuza wolwimi?

Izimpawu zokuqala zomdlavuza wolwimi zingase zibe zingekho ngokucacile futhi zingase zibe njengezinhlungu ezivamile zomlomo ekuqaleni. Umehluko oyinhloko ukuthi lezi zimpawu azipheli zodwa ngemuva kwamasonto amabili.

Nawa amanye amaphuzu okufanele uwabheke:

• Ubuhlungu noma isifo esilwimi lwakho esingapheli phakathi namasonto amabili
• Isigaba esimhlophe noma esibomvu esilwimi lwakho esiqhubeka
• Isibopho noma ukukhuluphala kunoma yikuphi esilwimi lwakho
• Ubuhlungu obuqhubekayo noma ubuhlungu esilwimi
• Ubunzima ekugeleni noma imizwa yokuthi kukhona okuvalekile ehlombe lakho
• Ukushintsha kwezwi lakho noma inkulumo
• Ukungabi namqondo esilwimi lwakho noma emlonyeni
• Ukuphuza kwegazi okungachazeki esilwimi lwakho

Izimpawu ezingavamile zingase zihlanganise ukuphuza okubi okuqhubekayo, amazinyo alahlekile ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacile, noma ubunzima bokuhambisa ulwimi lwakho ngokujwayelekile. Abanye abantu nabo baye baba nobuhlungu endlebeni obungabonakali ukuthi buhlobene nesifo sendlebe.

Khumbula ukuthi ukuba nalezi zimpawu akusho ukuthi une-kansa. Izimo eziningi zingabangela izimpawu ezifanayo, kodwa kuhlale kufanele zihlolwe yisazi sezempilo.

Ziyini izinhlobo zomdlavuza wolwimi?

Umdlavuza wolwimi ngokuvamile uhlukaniswa ngokusekelwe lapho uqala khona esilwimi lwakho. Ukuqonda lezi zinhlobo kusiza odokotela ukuhlela indlela yokwelapha ephumelelayo.

Izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko yi:

• Umdlavuza wolwimi lomlomo: Lo uqala ezingxenyeni ezintathu zokuqala zolwimi lwakho, ingxenye ongayibona futhi uyinyuse ngokukhululekile. Ngokuvamile kulula ukuthola nokwelapha.
• Umdlavuza wesisindo solwimi: Lo uqala esigabeni sesithathu solwimi lwakho, eduze komphimbo wakho. Ngokuvamile kunzima ukuwubona ngokushesha ngoba le ndawo ayibonakali kakhulu.

Iningi lomdlavuza wolwimi yi-squamous cell carcinomas, kodwa izinhlobo ezingavamile zingase zihlanganise i-adenocarcinomas, i-lymphomas, ne-sarcomas. Lezi zinhlobo ezingavamile zingase zidinga izindlela zokwelapha ezihlukile, kodwa zimelela ingxenye encane yomdlavuza wolwimi wonke.

Yini ebangela umdlavuza wolwimi?

Umdlavuza wolwimi uqala lapho kukhona okulimaza i-DNA emaseleni akho olwimi, kubangela ukukhula okungajwayelekile. Nakuba singazi ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthi yini ebangela lesi shintsho, izinto eziningi zingandisa ingozi yakho.

Izinto eziyinhloko ezingandisa ingozi zihlanganisa:

• Ukusetshenziswa kwe-tabhako: Ukubhema isigarethi, isiga, noma amapayipi, kanye nokusebenzisa i-tabhako engabhemi, kukhuphula kakhulu ingozi yakho
• Ukusetshenziswa okukhulu kotshwala: Ukuphiwa njalo kotshwala okuningi kungalimaza amaseli olwimi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi
• Ukutheleleka yi-HPV: Izinhlobo ezithile ze-human papillomavirus, ikakhulukazi i-HPV-16, zingabangela umdlavuza wolwimi
• Ubudala: Iningi lamacala liqala kubantu abadala kuno-40, nakuba abantu abasebancane bangathinteka futhi
• Ubulili: Amadoda amaningi anethuba lokuthola umdlavuza wolwimi kunabesifazane
• Ukukhanya kwelanga: Ukukhanya kwelanga okukhulu emlonyeni wakho

Izimbangela ezingavamile zihlanganisa ukuvuvukala okuqhubekayo okuvela amazinyo abukhali noma ama-dentures angafanele kahle, izimo ezithile ze-genetic, kanye nesistimu yokutholakala ebuthakathaka. Abanye abantu bathola umdlavuza wolwimi ngaphandle kwanoma yiziphi izinto ezaziwayo ezingandisa ingozi, okusikhumbuza ukuthi umdlavuza ngezinye izikhathi ungase uqale ngokungahleliwe.

Kufanele ubone nini udokotela ngezinkinga zolwimi?

Kufanele ubone isazi sezempilo uma uqaphela noma yikuphi ukushintsha okuqhubekayo esilwimi lwakho okuphela ngaphezu kwamasonto amabili. Ukutholakala ngokushesha kwenza umehluko omkhulu eziphumeleni zokwelapha.

Hlela i-aphoyintimenti uma uhlangabezana nalokhu okulandelayo:

• Noma yiluphi ubuhlungu, isifo, noma indawo engavamile esilwimi lwakho engapheli
• Ubuhlungu obuqhubekayo noma ubuhlungu esilwimi
• Ubunzima ekugeleni noma ekukhulumeni
• Isibopho noma ukukhuluphala ongakuzwa
• Ukuphuza kwegazi okungachazeki esilwimi
• Ukungabi namqondo okungapheli

Ungalindi izimpawu zibe zimbi noma ube nomuzwa wokuthi ziyophela zodwa. Udokotela wakho noma u-dentist angenza ukuhlolwa okuphelele futhi aqonde ukuthi ngabe kukhona okudingekayo yini ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe.

Ziyini izinto ezingandisa ingozi yomdlavuza wolwimi?

Ukuqonda izinto ezingandisa ingozi kungakusiza wenze izinqumo ezifanele mayelana nempilo yakho, nakuba ukuba nezinto ezingandisa ingozi akusho ukuthi uzoba nomdlavuza ngokuqinisekile.

Izinto eziyinhloko ezingandisa ingozi zihlanganisa:

• Ukusetshenziswa kwe-tabhako kunoma iyiphi indlela: Lena yinto ebaluleke kakhulu ebangela ingozi, ikakhulukazi uma ihlanganiswe notshwala
• Ukusetshenziswa okukhulu kotshwala: Ingozi ikhuphuka ngesilinganiso nesikhathi sokusetshenziswa kotshwala
• Ukutheleleka yi-HPV: Ikakhulukazi i-HPV-16, engadluliselwa ngokuthintana komlomo
• Ubudala obungaphezu kuka-40: Ingozi ikhuphuka ngokwanda kobudala, nakuba abantu abasebancane bangathinteka
• Ubulili bobukhulu: Amadoda anethuba elingaphezu kwesikhathi esingu-2 kuya ku-3 lokuthola umdlavuza wolwimi
• Ukuhlanzeka okubi komlomo: Ukuvuvukala okuqhubekayo nokutheleleka kungase kube nomthelela engcupheni yokuthola umdlavuza

Ezinye izinto ezingase zikhuphule ingozi zihlanganisa umlando womndeni wama-kansa ekhanda nasekhoneni, izimo ezithile ze-genetic, ukwelashwa kwangaphambili nge-radiation ekhanda nasekhoneni, kanye nokuvuvukala okuqhubekayo okuvela emsebenzini wezinyo noma imikhuba efana nokuluma ulwimi.

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi iningi lalezi zinto ezingandisa ingozi lilawulwa. Ukwenza izinqumo zokuphila ezempilo kunganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yakho.

Ziyini izinhlanganisela ezingase zenzeke ngomdlavuza wolwimi?

Nakuba izinhlanganisela zingase zenzeke, abantu abaningi abane-kansa yolwimi bayaphila kahle ngokwelashwa okufanele. Ukuqonda izinhlanganisela ezingase zenzeke kusiza ukwazi ukuthi yini okufanele uyibheke nokuthi nini kufanele ucele usizo.

Izinhlanganisela ezivamile zingase zihlanganise:

• Ubunzima ekugeleni: Lokhu kungase kuthonye ukudla futhi kungase kudinge ukushintsha ukudla noma usizo lokudla
• Ukushintsha kokukhuluma: Ukwelashwa kungase kuthinte isikhashana noma unomphela indlela okhuluma ngayo
• Umlomo owomile: Ukwelashwa nge-radiation kungase kunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwamathumbu
• Ukushintsha kokunambitheka: Ukwelashwa kungase kuguqule indlela okunambitheka ngayo, nakuba lokhu kuvame ukuthuthuka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi
• Izinkinga zama-nyo: I-radiation ingase ikhuphule ingozi yokubola kwamazinyo nesifo se-gum
• Ukuhlanganiswa kwama-lymph node: I-kansa ingase isabalale kuma-lymph node aseduze ehlombe

Izinhlanganisela ezingavamile kodwa ezingathi sína zihlanganisa ubunzima bokuqeda uma i-kansa ivala izindlela zokuphefumula, izinkinga ezinkulu zokudla, nokubhebhetheka kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Iqembu lakho lezempilo lizokulandela eduze ukuvimbela noma ukulungisa lezi zinkinga ngokushesha.

Izinhlanganisela eziningi ziyaphatheka ngokusekelwa okufanele, okuhlanganisa ukwelashwa kokukhuluma, ukwelulekwa kokudla, kanye nokukhathalela kwamazinyo.

Umdlavuza wolwimi ungavikeleka kanjani?

Nakuba ungakwazi ukuvimbela wonke amacala omdlavuza wolwimi, unganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yakho ngokwenza izinqumo zokuphila ezempilo. Ukuvimbela kugxile ekugwemeni izinto ezaziwayo ezingandisa ingozi nokugcina impilo enhle yomlomo.

Nawa amasu okuvimbela aphethwe kakhulu:

• Gwema i-tabhako ngokuphelele: Lokhu kuhlanganisa isigarethi, isiga, amapayipi, nemikhiqizo ye-tabhako engabhemi
• Limita ukusetshenziswa kotshwala: Uma uphuza, yenza kancane
• Yenza ukuxhumana komlomo okuvikelekile: Ukugonywa yi-HPV kanye nemikhuba evikelekile kunganciphisa ingozi yokutheleleka
• Gcina ukuhlanzeka okuhle komlomo: Geza kabili ngosuku, chitha njalo, futhi ubone u-dentist wakho njalo
• Dla ukudla okunempilo: Faka izithelo nemifino eminingi, ezinamakhambi avikelayo
• Vikele izindebe zakho ekukhanyeni kwelanga: Sebenzisa i-lip balm ene-SPF uma ungaphandle

Ukuhlolwa njalo kwamazinyo kubalulekile ngoba u-dentist wakho angabona ukushintsha okuqala emlonyeni wakho. Cabanga ukuthola i-HPV vaccine uma ufanelekile, njengoba ingavimbela izinhlobo ezivame ukubangela i-kansa.

Uma une-irritation ehlala njalo okuvela emsebenzini wezinyo noma imikhuba efana nokuluma ulwimi, lungisa lezi zinkinga ngokushesha ukuze unciphise ukulimala okuqhubekayo emathunjini akho olwimi.

Umdlavuza wolwimi utholakala kanjani?

Ukuthola umdlavuza wolwimi ngokuvamile kuhlanganisa izinyathelo eziningi, uqale ngokuhlonzwa komzimba bese uqhubekela ekuhlolweni okukhethekile uma kudingeka. Isazi sezempilo sakho sizosebenza ngendlela ehlelekile ukuze siqonde ukuthi yini ebangela izimpawu zakho.

Inkqubo yokuhlola ngokuvamile ihlanganisa:

• Ukuhlolwa komzimba: Udokotela wakho uzobheka futhi azwe ulwimi lwakho, umlomo, nehlombe
• Umbiko wezokwelapha: Ingxoxo yezimpawu zakho, izinto ezingandisa ingozi, nempilo yakho yonke
• Biopsy: Ukususa isampula encane yethishu ukuze ihlolwe elabhoratri
• Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe: I-CT scans, i-MRI, noma i-PET scans ukubona ubukhulu banoma iyiphi i-kansa
• Endoscopy: Umpompi omncane, onobunzima, onenkhamera yokuhlola izindawo ezinzima ukubona

I-biopsy kuphela indlela yokuthola i-kansa ngokuqinisekile. Udokotela wakho uzogcwala indawo bese ususa ingxenye encane yethishu engathandeki, bese ihlolwa ngaphansi komkhiqizo yi-pathologist.

Uma kutholakala i-kansa, ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kusiza ukuqonda isigaba nokuqondisa ukucwaninga kokwelapha. Le nqubo ingase ibe de, kodwa ukuhlolwa okuphelele kuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola ukunakekelwa okufanele.

Yini ukwelashwa komdlavuza wolwimi?

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza wolwimi kuncike ezintweni eziningi, okuhlanganisa ubukhulu nendawo ye-kansa, ukuthi isabalale yini, nempilo yakho yonke. Iqembu lakho lezempilo lizokwenza uhlelo lokwelapha olufanele oluhlinzeka amathuba amahle okuphumelela.

Izinketho zokwelapha eziyinhloko zihlanganisa:

• Ukuhlinzwa: Ukususa ithishu ye-kansa, okungase kube ingxenye encane noma ingxenye enkulu yolwimi
• Ukwelashwa nge-radiation: I-beams yamandla aphezulu ebulala amaseli e-kansa, ngokuvamile isebenza ngemuva kokuhlinzwa noma njengokwelashwa okuyinhloko
• Chemotherapy: Imithi ebulala amaseli e-kansa emzimbeni wonke
• Ukwelashwa okuqondiswe: Imithi ehlasela izici ezithile zamaseli e-kansa
• Immunotherapy: Ukwelashwa okusiza isimiso sakho sokuvikela ukulwa ne-kansa

Abantu abaningi bathola ukwelashwa okuhlanganisiwe. Isibonelo, ukuhlinzwa kungase kulandelelwe ukwelashwa nge-radiation ukususa noma yimaphi amaseli e-kansa asale khona.

Iqembu lakho lokwelapha lizohlanganisa ochwepheshe ekwelapheni kokukhuluma, ekudleni, nakwezinye izinsizakalo zokusekela ukukusiza ugcine ikhwalithi yempilo yakho ngesikhathi nangemuva kokwelashwa.

Ungaphatha kanjani umdlavuza wolwimi ekhaya?

Nakuba ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha kubalulekile, kunezinto eziningi ongazenza ekhaya ukusekela impilo yakho nokulawula izimpawu. Lezi zindlela zisebenza kanye nokukhathalela kwakho kwezokwelapha ukukusiza uzizwe kangcono.

Nawa amasu okulawula ekhaya awusizo:

• Gcina ukuhlanzeka komlomo: Ukugeza okuthambile ngebrashi ethambile ne-mouthwash engenayo i-alcohol
• Dla ukudla okuthambile, okunempilo: I-smoothies, usoso, nokudla okuhlanganisiwe kungase kube lula ukugela
• Hlala uthambile: Phuza amanzi amaningi, ikakhulukazi uma une-dry mouth
• Lawula ubuhlungu: Sebenzisa imithi ephikisana nobuhlungu njengoba iyalwe
• Gwema izinto ezibuhlungu: Gwema ukudla okunoshushu, utshwala, ne-tabhako
• Sebenzisa i-humidifier: Umphefumulo omnene ungasiza ngomlomo owomile nokuvuvukala kwehlombe

Yenza imisebenzi yomlomo ethambile njengoba kunconywe yi-speech therapist yakho ukuze ugcine ukunyakaza kolwimi. Phumula uma udinga, futhi ungangabazi ukucela usizo emindenini nabangane bakho emisebenzini yansuku zonke.

Gcina umbhalo wezimpawu zakho nanoma yiziphi izingxenye ezivela ekwelapheni ukuze ukwazi ukuzixoxa neqembu lakho lezempilo ngesikhathi se-aphoyintimenti.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani i-aphoyintimenti yakho yodokotela?

Ukulungiselela i-aphoyintimenti yakho kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola okuningi ngesikhathi sakho nesazi sezempilo sakho. Ukulungiselela okuhle kungase kuholele ekuxhumaneni kangcono nasekunakekelweni okusebenzayo.

Ngaphambi kwe-aphoyintimenti yakho:

• Bhala izimpawu zakho: Faka lapho zaqala khona, indlela eziye zashintsha ngayo, nokuthi yini ezizenza zibe ngcono noma zimbi
• Bala imithi yakho: Faka imithi yokwelapha, imithi ye-over-the-counter, kanye ne-supplements
• Lungiselela umlando wakho wezokwelapha: Qaphela noma yiziphi izimo zempilo zangaphambili, ukuhlinzwa, noma ukwelashwa
• Bhala indlela yokuphila yakho: Yiba eqotho ngokusetshenziswa kwe-tabhako notshwala, njengoba lolu lwazi lubalulekile
• Letha umuntu osekela: Ukuba nomuntu nawe kungakusiza ukukhumbula ulwazi olubalulekile
• Lungiselela imibuzo: Bhala phansi lokho ofuna ukubuza ukuze ungakhohlwa ngesikhathi se-aphoyintimenti

Cabanga ukuletha izithombe zanoma yikuphi ukushintsha okubonakalayo esilwimi sakho uma kuza nokuhamba. Lokhu kungasiza udokotela wakho ukuqonda izimpawu zakho kangcono.

Ungesabi ukubuza imibuzo noma ucele incazelo uma ungaqondi okuthile. Iqembu lakho lezempilo lifuna ukukusiza uzizwe ulwazi futhi ukhululekile ngokunakekelwa kwakho.

Iyini into ebaluleke kakhulu ngomdlavuza wolwimi?

Umdlavuza wolwimi yisimo esinzima, kodwa ngokuvamile uyaphatheka, ikakhulukazi uma utholakala ngokushesha. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ongayenza ukunaka ukushintsha emlonyeni wakho bese ufuna ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uqaphela izimpawu eziqhubekayo.

Abantu abaningi bayaphumelela ekuqedeni umdlavuza wolwimi futhi babuyele emisebenzini yabo evamile. Ukwelashwa kuye kwathuthuka kakhulu eminyakeni edlule, futhi ukunakekelwa okusekela kusiza abantu ukugcina ikhwalithi yempilo yabo ngesikhathi sokuphulukana.

Ukuvimbela kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuqedeni ingozi yakho. Ukugwema i-tabhako, ukulinganisela utshwala, ukugcina ukuhlanzeka okuhle komlomo, kanye nokuhlolwa njalo kwamazinyo kuyizindlela eziqine kakhulu zokuvimbela.

Uma ubhekene nokuxilongwa komdlavuza wolwimi, khumbula ukuthi awuwedwa. Iqembu lakho lezempilo lilapho ukusekela yonke inyathelo lendlela, futhi kunezinto eziningi ezitholakalayo ukukusiza wena nomndeni wakho ukuphatha le ndlela.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa ngomdlavuza wolwimi

Ingabe umdlavuza wolwimi uhlala ubuhlungu?

Akunjalo. Umdlavuza wolwimi ekuqaleni ungase ungabangeli ubuhlungu nhlobo, kungakho kubalulekile ukubheka ezinye izimpawu ezifana nobuhlungu obuqhubekayo, izibopho, noma izigaba ezingapheli. Ubuhlungu buvame ukuqala njengoba i-kansa ikhula noma uma itheleleka.

Ingabe umdlavuza wolwimi ungasabalala kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba?

Yebo, umdlavuza wolwimi ungasabalala kuma-lymph node aseduze ehlombe futhi, ngokungavamile, kwezinye izitho. Kungakho ukutholakala ngokushesha nokwelashwa kubalulekile kangaka. Udokotela wakho uzohlola izimpawu zokubhebhetheka ngesikhathi sokuhlola nokucwaninga.

Ngingakwazi yini ukukhuluma ngokujwayelekile ngemuva kokwelashwa komdlavuza wolwimi?

Abantu abaningi bagcina inkulumo evamile noma eseduze nevamile ngemuva kokwelashwa, ikakhulukazi uma i-kansa itholakala ngokushesha. Ukwelashwa kokukhuluma kungakusiza ukulungisa noma yikuphi ukushintsha nokwandisa amakhono akho okuxhumana. Ubukhulu bokushintsha kokukhuluma kuncike ebukhulu nendawo ye-kansa nohlobo lokwelashwa olufunekayo.

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza wolwimi kuvame ukuthatha isikhathi esingakanani?

Isikhathi sokwelashwa sihluka kakhulu kuye ngesigaba se-kansa nokwelashwa okudingekayo. Ukuhlinzwa kungase kuthathe amahora ambalwa ngamasontwana okuphulukana, kuyilapho ukwelashwa nge-radiation ngokuvamile kuhlanganisa ukwelashwa kwansuku zonke amasonto ambalwa. Iqembu lakho lezempilo lizokunika isikhathi esicacile esisekelwe ohlelweni lwakho lokwelapha.

Ingabe umdlavuza wolwimi ungabuya ngemuva kokwelashwa?

Njengoba kunjalo ngama-kansa amaningi, umdlavuza wolwimi ungabuya, kungakho ukuvakashela njalo okulandelwayo kubalulekile. Iningi lokuphinda kuqale phakathi neminyaka emibili yokuqala ngemuva kokwelashwa. Udokotela wakho uzokulandela eduze futhi akuqondise izimpawu okufanele uzibheke ekhaya.