Ukuphenduka Okuphelele Kwezinsimbi Ze-Pulmonary Venous Return? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, & Ukwelashwa

Ukuphenduka okuphelele kwezinsimbi ze-pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) kuyinkinga yentliziyo engavamile lapho ama-veins athatha igazi elikhulu loksijini emaphaphwini ehlangana nengxenye engalungile yentliziyo. Esikhundleni sokubuyela ngqo ku-left atrium njengoba kufanele, lezi zinsimbi ze-pulmonary zihlangana necala lasekunene lentliziyo noma ezinye izinambuzane zegazi.

Le nkinga ithonya cishe i-1 ku-15,000 zabantwana futhi idinga ukulungiswa ngokusebenza, ngokuvamile phakathi nonyaka wokuqala wokuphila. Nakuba kuzwakala kuyinkimbinkimbi futhi kuyesabekayo, ukusebenza kwentliziyo yanamuhla kunesilinganiso esihle sokuphumelela sokulungisa le nkinga, futhi abantwana abaningi baqhubeka bephila impilo enempilo, esebenzayo.

Iyini i-Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return?

I-TAPVR kwenzeka lapho ama-pulmonary veins ehlangana ngokungalungile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kwasekuqaleni. Ngokuvamile, lezi zinsimbi ezine kufanele zihlangane ngqo ne-left atrium yentliziyo, zilethe igazi elisha loksijini emaphaphwini ukuze liphinde liphume emzimbeni.

Ku-TAPVR, zonke izinambuzane ezine ze-pulmonary zihlangana kwenye indawo ngokuphelele. Lokhu kusho ukuthi igazi elikhulu loksijini lixubana negazi elincane loksijini ngaphambi kokufinyelela eceleni lasekunene lentliziyo. Umphumela ukuthi umzimba womntanakho awutholi oksijini olukhulu, okungabangela izimpawu ezinkulu.

Cabanga ngakho njengokuxubana kwepulamu lapho imibhobho yamanzi acocekile ixhuma ngephutha engxenyeni engalungile yesistimu. Intliziyo isebenza kanzima ukuze ihlanganise, kodwa ngaphandle kokulungiswa ngokusebenza, le nkinga ingaba yingozi eyingozi.

Ziyini izinhlobo ze-Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return?

Odokotela bahlukanisa i-TAPVR ngokusekelwe lapho ama-pulmonary veins axhuma khona ngephutha. Kunezinhlobo ezine eziyinhloko, ngayinye inezinga lezimpawu nezinga lokuphuthuma.

Uhlobo lwe-supracardiac luyinto evamile kakhulu, luthonya cishe i-45% yezimangalo. Lapha, ama-pulmonary veins axhuma ngaphezulu kwentliziyo ezitsheni ezifana ne-superior vena cava. Abantwana abane lelo hlobo ngokuvamile bathuthukisa izimpawu kancane kancane ezinyangeni ezimbalwa noma ezinyangeni ezimbalwa.

Uhlobo lwe-Cardiac luhlanganisa cishe i-25% yezimangalo, lapho ama-veins axhuma ngqo ku-right atrium noma i-coronary sinus. Laba bantwana bangaba nezimpawu ezilula ekuqaleni kodwa basadinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha.

Uhlobo lwe-Infracardiac luvela cishe ku-25% yezimangalo futhi luvamise ukuba yingozi kakhulu. Ama-pulmonary veins axhuma ngaphansi kwentliziyo, ngokuvamile e-liver noma ezinye izitsha zesisu. Lolu hlobo ngokuvamile lubangela izimpawu ezinkulu kakhulu ekuqaleni, ngezinye izikhathi ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuzalwa.

Uhlobo oluhlangene luyifomu elingavamile kakhulu, luthonya cishe i-5% yezimangalo. Ama-pulmonary veins ahlukene axhuma ezindaweni ezingavamile ezahlukene. Izimpawu nesikhathi sokuqala kuya ngokuxhumana okuthile okuhilelekile.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return?

Izimpawu ze-TAPVR ngokuvamile zivela phakathi nezinyanga ezimbalwa zokuqala zokuphila, nakuba isikhathi sokuqala siye ngohlobo oluthile. Izibonakaliso zokuqala ezivamile zihlangene nomntanakho ongenayo oksijini olukhulu nentliziyo esebenza kakhulu.

Ungase uqaphele lezi zimpawu zokuphefumula nokondla njengoba umntanakho elwa nemisebenzi eyisisekelo:

• Ukuphefumula okusheshayo noma okunzima, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokondla noma ukukhala
• Ukondla okubi nokukhula kwesisindo esiphuthumayo
• Ukukhahlela okukhulu ngesikhathi sokudla noma imisebenzi evamile
• Ukutheleleka kwemisipha noma i-pneumonia
• Ukuqeda amandla kalula ngesikhathi sokondla noma ukudlala

Ukushintsha kombala ngokuvamile kunikeza izibonakaliso ezicacile zokuxwayisa ukuthi kukhona okuphosakele. Ungase ubona umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka eduze nemiphala yomntanakho, iminwe, noma isikhumba, ikakhulukazi lapho besebenza noma bethukuthele. Lokhu kwenzeka ngoba igazi labo alithathi oksijini olukhulu.

Izimpawu ezihlobene nentliziyo zingathuthuka njengoba isimo siqhubeka:

• Izinga lentliziyo eliheshayo, ngisho noma umntanakho ephumule
• I-heart murmur lapho udokotela wakho wezingane ayiqaphela ngesikhathi sokuhlola
• Izibonakaliso zokwehluleka kwentliziyo njengokuvuvukala ezinyaweni noma esiswini
• Ukuthukuthela okukhulu noma ukulala okubonakala kungavamile

Ezimweni ezingavamile ngohlobo lwe-infracardiac, abantwana bangathuthukisa izimpawu ezinkulu ezinsukwini ezimbalwa noma ezinsukwini zokuzalwa. Lokhu kungafaka ukuluhlaza okukhulu, izinkinga zokuphefumula, noma izimpawu ezifana neshoki ezidinga ukwelashwa okusheshayo.

Iyini imbangela ye-Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return?

I-TAPVR ithuthukiswa phakathi kwamasonto ayisishiyagalombili okuqala kokukhulelwa lapho inhliziyo yomntanakho nezitsha zegazi zikhahlela. Imbangela eqondile ayiqondakali ngokuphelele, kodwa kubonakala sengathi ivela ekuphulweni kokuthuthukiswa kwentliziyo ngokuvamile phakathi nalesi sikhathi esibalulekile.

Phakathi kokuthuthukiswa okuvamile, ama-pulmonary veins aqala njengenqwaba yezitsha ezincane ezihlangana kancane kancane ne-left atrium ezikhahlelayo. Ku-TAPVR, le nqubo iphuma endleleni, futhi ama-veins aphela ngokuxhuma ezakhiweni ezingalungile esikhundleni salokho.

Izici ze-genetic zingase zidlale indima kwezinye izimo, nakuba eziningi zenzeka ngokungahleliwe ngaphandle komlando womndeni. Abanye abantwana abane-TAPVR banezinye izimo ze-genetic noma izinkinga zentliziyo, okubonisa ukuthi izinkinga zokuthuthukiswa eziyinkimbinkimbi zingase zihileleke.

Izici ze-environmental ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa zingase zinikeze, kodwa abacwaningi abazange baqaphele izici ezithile. Abazali abaningi abenzanga lutho olungalungile, futhi ngokuvamile ayikho indlela yokuvimbela le nkinga ukuba ivela.

Nini okufanele ubona udokotela nge-Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return?

Xhumana nodokotela wakho wezingane ngokushesha uma uqaphela noma yiziphi izibonakaliso zokuphefumula okunzima noma ukondla okubi esizalweni sakho. Ukuqaphela kwasekuqaleni kungenza umehluko omkhulu emiphumeleni, ngakho themba izinzwa zakho uma kukhona okuphosakele.

Shaya ucingo ukuze uthole usizo lwezokwelapha oluphuthumayo uma umntanakho ebonisa noma yiziphi izibonakaliso zokuxwayisa:

• Umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka eduze nemiphala, ubuso, noma iminwe
• Ukuphefumula okunzima kakhulu noma ukuphefumula okusheshayo ngesikhathi sokuphumula
• Ukwenqaba ukudla noma ukondla okunzima kakhulu
• Ukulala okungavamile noma ubunzima bokuvuka
• Izibonakaliso zokulahlekelwa amanzi njengokuncane kwe-diapers emanzi

Kubantwana abane uhlobo lwe-infracardiac, izimpawu zingaba yingozi eyingozi ngokushesha. Uma isizalwa sakho sithuthukisa ukuluhlaza okukhulu, izinkinga zokuphefumula, noma kubonakala sengathi sikhathazekile kakhulu, shaya izinsiza eziphuthumayo ngokushesha kunokulinda isikhathi sokuya kudokotela.

Ukuhlola okuvamile kwezingane kubalulekile ekuqapheleni kwasekuqaleni. Udokotela wakho uzolalela inhliziyo yomntanakho futhi abuke izibonakaliso zokukhula okubi noma ukuthuthuka okungase kubonise inkinga yentliziyo engaphansi.

Ziyini izici ezingozi ze-Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return?

Eziningi zezimangalo ze-TAPVR zenzeka ngokungahleliwe, kodwa ezinye izici zingase zikhulise ingozi kancane. Ukuqonda lezi zici kungakusiza wena nodokotela wakho uhlale uxwayile ngezimpawu ezingase zibe khona.

Izici ze-genetic zidlala indima emindenini eminye, nakuba eziningi zezimangalo zenzeka ngaphandle komlando womndeni wezinkinga zentliziyo. Uma unemfundi oyedwa one-TAPVR, ingozi yabantwana bakusasa iphezulu kancane kunokulinganiselwe, kodwa isencane kakhulu ngokujwayelekile.

Ezinye izinhlobo ze-genetic zihambisana nezinga eliphezulu le-TAPVR:

• I-Heterotaxy syndrome, ethinta indawo yamalungu
• Ezinye izinkinga ze-chromosomal
• I-DiGeorge syndrome ezimweni ezingavamile
• I-Scimitar syndrome, enye inkinga ye-pulmonary vein

Izici ze-maternal ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa zingase zinikeze kwezinye izimo, nakuba ubufakazi abuncamelanga. Lokhu kufaka i-diabetes engalawulwa kahle, imithi ethile, noma ukutheleleka kwe-viral ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kwasekuqaleni.

Ukukhishwa kwe-environmental kuye kwafundwa kodwa akuzange kubonise ukuxhumana okuqondile nengozi ye-TAPVR. Eziningi zezimangalo zenzeka emindenini engenazo izici ezingozi ezaziwayo, kugcizelelwa ukuthi le nkinga ngokuvamile ithuthukiswa ngengozi ngesikhathi sokwenziwa kwentliziyo yasekuqaleni.

Ziyini izinhlungu ezingase zenzeke nge-Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return?

Ngaphandle kokulungiswa ngokusebenza, i-TAPVR ingabangela izinhlungu ezinkulu njengoba inhliziyo yomntanakho ilwa nokuthumela oksijini olukhulu emzimbeni wayo. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ukusebenza kwasekuqaleni kuvimbela eziningi zalezi zinkinga ukuba zivele.

Ukwehluleka kwentliziyo kuyinkinga evamile kakhulu lapho i-TAPVR ingalashwa. Intliziyo isebenza kakhulu kunokuvamile, ekugcineni ibe khulu futhi ibuthakathaka. Ungase uqaphele izimpawu ezifana nokondla okubi, ukuphefumula okusheshayo, noma ukukhula.

Izinhlungu ze-pulmonary zingathuthuka njengoba izindlela zokugeleza kwegazi ziqhubeka zihluke:

• I-Pulmonary hypertension evela engcindezweni ephakeme ezitsheni zegazi zephaphu
• Ukutheleleka kwemisipha okuvamile ngenxa yokugeleza kwegazi okuguqukayo
• I-Pulmonary edema, lapho amanzi akha emaphaphwini
• Ukwehluleka kokuphefumula ezimweni ezinkulu

Ukuthuthuka nokukhula okulibazayo ngokuvamile kwenzeka ngoba umzimba womntanakho awutholi oksijini olukhulu ngokukhula okuvamile. Abantwana bangase babe bancane kunokulindelekile futhi bafinyelele izigaba ngokuphuthumayo kunabangane babo.

Ezimweni ezingavamile, ikakhulukazi ngohlobo lwe-infracardiac, abantwana bangathuthukisa izinhlungu ezingozi ezingozi ngokushesha. Lokhu kungafaka ishoki elikhulu, izinkinga zezinso, noma ukwehluleka kwentliziyo okukhulu okudingayo ukungenelela okusheshayo.

Ngemva kokusebenza okuphumelelayo, eziningi zezinkinga ziyaphela ngokuphelele. Noma kunjalo, abanye abantwana badinga ukulandelela okuqhubekayo ngezinkinga ezingase zenzeke njengezinga lentliziyo ezingavamile noma ithuba elingavamile lokuqina kwe-pulmonary vein endaweni yokusebenza.

Ukutholakala kwe-Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return?

Ukutholakala ngokuvamile kuqala lapho udokotela wakho wezingane eqaphela izimpawu ezifana nokondla okubi, ukuphefumula okusheshayo, noma i-heart murmur ngesikhathi sokuhlola okuvamile. Ukuqaphela kwasekuqaleni kubalulekile, ngakho udokotela wakho uzonquma ukuhlola uma becabanga inkinga yentliziyo.

I-echocardiogram ngokuvamile iyisivivinyo sokuqala nesibaluleke kakhulu. Le ultrasound yentliziyo ibonisa ubukhulu nomsebenzi wezindlu zentliziyo yomntanakho nezitsha zegazi. Ingabonisa ngokucacile ukuthi ama-pulmonary veins axhuma kuphi nokuthi igazi ligeleza kanjani.

Izivivinyo ezengeziwe zokuthola izithombe zingase zidingeke ukuze uthole isithombe esiphelele:

• I-Chest X-ray ukuhlola usayizi wentliziyo nesimo lephaphu
• I-Electrocardiogram (ECG) ukuqapha izinga lentliziyo nomsebenzi wamagetsi
• I-Cardiac catheterization ezimweni eziyinkimbinkimbi ukuqapha ukucindezela nokufumana izithombe eziningi
• I-CT noma i-MRI scans ukuze ubone ubukhulu obukhulu ngaphambi kokusebenza

Izivivinyo zegazi zisiza ekuqondeni ukuthi amalungu omntanakho asebenza kahle kangakanani nokuthi uthola oksijini olukhulu yini. Lokhu kungafaka amazinga okugcwala kwe-oksijini nezivivinyo zomsebenzi wezinso ne-liver.

Ngezinye izikhathi i-TAPVR itholakala ngaphambi kokuzalwa ngesikhathi se-ultrasounds yokukhulelwa okuvamile. Uma kucatshangelwa ngaphambi kokuzalwa, uzodluliselwa kudokotela wezingane we-cardiologist ukuze ahlolwe ngokuningiliziwe nokulungiselela ukulethwa esibhedlela esinamakhono okusebenza kwentliziyo.

Iyini ukwelashwa kwe-Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return?

Ukusebenza kuphela ukwelashwa okuqinisekile kwe-TAPVR, futhi ngokuvamile kwenziwa phakathi nonyaka wokuqala wokuphila. Isikhathi sokuqala siye ngezimpawu zomntanakho nohlobo oluthile lwe-TAPVR abalunayo.

Inqubo yokusebenza ihilela ukuqondisa kabusha ama-pulmonary veins ukuze axhume kahle ku-left atrium. Udokotela wakho uzokhahlela indlela entsha yegazi elikhulu loksijini ukubuyela ngqo eceleni lasekunene lentliziyo lapho kufanele libe khona.

Ngaphambi kokusebenza, iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lizozama ukuhlanganisa isimo somntanakho:

• Imithi ezosiza inhliziyo ukuba iphompe kahle
• I-Diuretics ukunciphisa ukwakheka kwamanzi
• I-oksijini engeziwe uma kudingeka
• Ukusekelwa kokudla ukuthuthukisa ukukhula
• Ukwelashwa kwanoma yikuphi ukutheleleka kwemisipha

Indlela yokusebenza ihluka kuye ngohlobo lwe-TAPVR. Ngohlobo lwe-supracardiac ne-cardiac, inqubo ngokuvamile ilula ngemiphumela emihle. Izinhlobo ze-Infracardiac zingase zidinga ukusebenza okuyinkimbinkimbi kodwa zisaneliseke kakhulu.

Ngemva kokusebenza, abantwana abaningi balulama kahle futhi baqhubeka bephila impilo evamile, enempilo. Ukuhlala esibhedlela ngokuvamile kuyizinsuku ezingu-1 kuya kwezi-2, kufaka phakathi isikhathi esiphakathi kwesigaba sokunakekelwa okuphuthumayo sokulandelela eduze njengoba umntanakho elulama.

Indlela yokunakekela ekhaya ngesikhathi se-Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return?

Ngesikhathi ulinde ukusebenza noma ngesikhathi sokuphulukisa, kunezindlela eziningi ongasiza umntanakho azizwe elula futhi usekele ukukhula kwakhe. Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lizonikeza isiqondiso esithile esilungele izidingo zomntanakho.

Ukondla ngokuvamile kudinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile njengoba abantwana abane-TAPVR beqeda amandla kalula ngesikhathi sokudla. Ungase udinga ukunikeza ukondla okuncane, okuvamile futhi uvumele isikhathi esengeziwe seseshini ngayinye yokondla.

Nawa amanye amasu okondla angasiza:

• Sebenzisa ifomula enesilinganiso esiphezulu uma kunconywa udokotela wakho
• Zama izikhundla ezahlukene zokondla ukunciphisa umzamo wokuphefumula
• Thatha ama-breaks avamile ngesikhathi sokondla ukuze uvumele umntanakho aphumule
• Hlola ukukhula kwesisindo eduze njengoba kunconywe udokotela wakho wezingane
• Buka izibonakaliso zokungatholi ukondla kahle njengokukhahlela noma ukukhathala okukhulu

Ukudala indawo ethulile, enesekelo kusisiza ukunciphisa ukucindezeleka enhliziyweni yomntanakho. Gcina ukushisa kwegumbi kulula, unciphise ukukhuthaza kakhulu, futhi uqalise amasiko olula wokulala nokondla.

Hlola umntanakho ngokucophelela ngokushintsha kwezimpawu. Gcina umbhalo wamanani okondla, izindlela zokuphefumula, namandla jikelele. Bika noma yikuphi ukushintsha okukhathazayo eqenjini lakho lezokwelapha ngokushesha, ikakhulukazi ukuluhlaza okukhulu noma ukuphefumula okunzima.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani isikhathi sakho sokuya kudokotela?

Ukulungiselela isikhathi sokuya kudokotela wakho wezingane noma udokotela wezingane we-cardiologist kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola ulwazi oluwusizo kakhulu nokunakekelwa komntanakho. Woza ulungile ngemibuzo nokuqaphela okuningiliziwe ngezimpawu zomntanakho.

Gcina idayari yansuku zonke yokondla, ukulala, nezindlela zezimpawu zomntanakho. Qaphela ukuthi badla kangakanani, ukuthi ukondla kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani, nanoma yikuphi ukushintsha kokuphefumula oqaphela. Lolu lwazi lusiza odokotela ukuthi bahlole ukuthi umntanakho ubhekene kanjani futhi bahlele isikhathi sokwelashwa.

Letha lezi zinto ezibalulekile ezikhathini zakho zokubonisana:

• Uhlu lwemithi yamanje kanye nezinga
• Idayari yakho yokondla nezimpawu
• Ulwazi loku-inshorensi nemiphumela yezivivinyo zangaphambili
• Uhlu lwemibuzo ofuna ukuyibuza
• Ulwazi lokuxhumana lokunye odokotela abahilelekile ekunakekelweni komntanakho

Lungiselela imibuzo kusengaphambili ukuze ungakhohlwa izikhathazo ezibalulekile. Ungase ubuze ngesikhathi sokusebenza, ukuthi yini okulindelekile ngesikhathi sokuphulukisa, ukubuka okude, noma ukuthi ungaziqaphela kanjani izimpawu eziphuthumayo.

Cabanga ngokuletha umuntu osekela nawe ukuze akusize ukukhumbula ulwazi futhi unikeze ukusekelwa ngokomzwelo. Izikhathi zokubonisana zezokwelapha zingase zizizwe zikhulu, ikakhulukazi lapho uxoxa ngesimo sentliziyo yomntanakho nokusebenza okuzayo.

Iyini into ebaluleke kakhulu nge-Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return?

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyikhumbule ukuthi i-TAPVR ingalashwa ngokuphelele ngokusebenza, futhi iningi labantwana liqhubeka liphila impilo evamile, enempilo ngemva kokulungiswa. Nakuba ukutholakala kungase kuzwakale kuyinkulu, ukusebenza kwentliziyo yabantwana yanamuhla kunesilinganiso esihle sokuphumelela kule nkinga.

Ukuqaphela kwasekuqaleni nokwelashwa kwenza umehluko emiphumeleni. Uma uqaphela noma yiziphi izimpawu ezikhathazayo kumntanakho ezifana nobunzima bokondla, ukuphefumula okusheshayo, noma ukuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ungangabazi ukuxhumana nodokotela wakho wezingane ngokushesha.

Abantwana abaningi abalungisiwe ngempumelelo i-TAPVR bangase bahlanganyele emisebenzini yabantwana evamile, kufaka phakathi imidlalo kanye nokudlala. Ngokuvamile badinga ukulandelela okuvamile nodokotela we-cardiologist kodwa abadingi ukulinganiselwa okuqhubekayo emisebenzini yabo.

Khumbula ukuthi le nkinga ivela ngengozi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kwasekuqaleni, futhi ayikho into obungayenza ukuyivimbela. Gxila amandla akho ekusebenzeni neqembu lakho lezokwelapha ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umntanakho uthola ukunakekelwa okuhle kakhulu nokusekelwa.

Imibuzo evamile ebuzwayo nge-Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return

Q.1 Ukusebenza kwe-TAPVR ngokuvamile kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani?

Ukusebenza kokulungisa i-TAPVR ngokuvamile kuthatha phakathi kwamahora angu-3 kuya kwangu-6, kuye ngokuyinkimbinkimbi yomzimba wakho womntanakho. Iqembu lokusebenza lizokugcina ulwazi ngesikhathi senqubo, futhi uzohlangana nodokotela ngemva kwalokho ukuxoxa ngendlela konke okwenzeke ngayo.

Q.2 Ingabe umntanakho uzodinga ukusebenza okuningi kwentliziyo?

Abantwana abaningi abane-TAPVR badinga ukusebenza okukodwa kuphela ukulungisa inkinga ngokuphelele. Noma kunjalo, izingxenye ezincane zingase zidinga izinqubo ezengeziwe uma izinhlungu ezifana nokuqina kwe-pulmonary vein zithuthuka kamuva. Udokotela wakho we-cardiologist uzolandelela umntanakho ngokuhlola okuvamile ukuze abambe noma yiziphi izinkinga ekuqaleni.

Q.3 Ingabe abantwana abalungisiwe i-TAPVR bangadlala imidlalo?

Yebo, abantwana abaningi abalungisiwe ngempumelelo i-TAPVR bangase bahlanganyele kuzo zonke imisebenzi yabantwana evamile, kufaka phakathi imidlalo yokuncintisana. Udokotela wakho we-cardiologist uzohlola umsebenzi wentliziyo yomntanakho futhi angase ancome i-exercise stress test ngaphambi kokubavumela imisebenzi eqinile, kodwa ukulinganiselwa kuyinto engavamile.

Q.4 Ziyini amathuba okuba nomntwana omunye one-TAPVR?

Ingozi yokuba nomntwana omunye one-TAPVR iphezulu kancane kunabantu abavamile kodwa isancane kakhulu, ngokuvamile cishe i-2-3%. Udokotela wakho angase ancome ukwelulekwa kwe-genetic ne-fetal echocardiography ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kwesikhathi esizayo ukuqapha ukuthuthukiswa kwentliziyo.

Q.5 Ukuvakashela okuvamile komntanakho kuzoba njani ngemva kokusebenza?

Isikhathi sokulandelela sihluka, kodwa abantwana abaningi babona udokotela wabo we-cardiologist izikhathi ezingu-6-12 ngemva kokusebenza okuphumelelayo. Phakathi nokuthomba nobudala, ukuhlola kwaminyaka yonke ngokuvamile kwanele ngaphandle kokuthi kukhona izikhathazo ezithile. Lezi zivakashi zisiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inhliziyo yomntanakho iyaqhubeka isebenza kahle njengoba ikhula.