Ukuqunjelwa kwe-Hepatitis Eyingozi? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

Ukuqunjelwa kwe-hepatitis eyingozi kuyilokhu kuqunjelwa kwesibindi okubangelwa ukubhebhetheka izinto eziyingozi njengezidakamizwa, amakhemikhali, noma ubuthi. Isibindi sakho siyabhebhetheka futhi siqunjelwe uma sibhekana nezinto eziningi ezingozi kunelokho esingakwazi ukuzikhipha ngokuphepha.

Cabanga ngesibindi sakho njengendawo enkulu yokususwa kobuthi emzimbeni wakho, esebenza usuku lonke ukuhlanza izinto eziyingozi egazini lakho. Uma kunezinye izinto eziningi ezingozi, singaqunjelwa, okuholela ezimpawu eziqala ngokukhathala okuncane kuya ekubhebhethekeni okukhulu kwesibindi. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ukuqunjelwa kwe-hepatitis eyingozi kuvame ukulungiseka uma ususile into ebangela inkinga bese unika isibindi sakho isikhathi sokuphulukisa.

Ziyini izimpawu zokuqunjelwa kwe-hepatitis eyingozi?

Izimpawu zokuqunjelwa kwe-hepatitis eyingozi zingabonakala ngokushesha noma zithuthuke kancane kancane emasontweni noma ezinyangeni. Isikhathi sivame ukuncika kulokho okubangele ukuqunjelwa kwesibindi nokuthi bekukhulu kangakanani ukubhebhetheka.

Nawa izimpawu ezivame kakhulu ongazihlangabezana nazo:

• Ukukhathala nobuthakathaka obungaphuli ngokuphumula
• Ukuphefumula nokugabha, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kokudla
• Ukulahlekelwa ukudla nokunciphisa isisindo ngaphandle kokuhlose
• Ubuhlungu noma ukuhlunguluka esiswini ngakwesokudla phezulu
• Ukuphenduka kombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka wesikhumba namehlo (jaundice)
• Umbhilo omnyama onjengotshani noma i-cola
• Umbhilo olukhanyayo noma olujwayelekile
• Ukukhahlela okungena sihlungu
• Ukuqunjelwa nokuthandaza

Abanye abantu bahlangabezana nezimpawu ezinzima uma ukubhebhetheka kwesibindi kukhulu. Lokhu kungafaka ukungabaza, ubunzima bokuqonda, noma ukuqunjelwa ezinyaweni nasesiswini. Khumbula, izimpawu zingase zihluke kakhulu kumuntu nomuntu, futhi abanye abantu bangaba nezimpawu ezilula ekuqaleni.

Yini ebangela ukuqunjelwa kwe-hepatitis eyingozi?

Ukuqunjelwa kwe-hepatitis eyingozi kwenzeka uma isibindi sakho sibhekana nezinto esingakwazi ukuzikhipha ngokuphepha. Lezi zinto eziyingozi zingase zivela ezidakamizweni, ubuthini bezindawo, noma ngisho nasezintweni zemvelo ezimila ezithile.

Izimbangela ezivame kakhulu zifaka:

• Izidakamizwa: Ukudlula umthamo we-Acetaminophen (Tylenol), ama-antibiotic, izidakamizwa zokulwa nokuhlwitha, kanye nezinye izithasiselo zemvelo
• Amakhemikhali emisebenzi: I-Carbon tetrachloride, i-vinyl chloride, kanye nezinye izinto zokuhlanza
• Ukuhlushwa yizinambuzane: Ikakhulukazi kusuka kuAmanita species (izinambuzane ze-death cap)
• Izithasiselo zemvelo: I-Kava, i-comfrey, kanye nezinye izidakamizwa zaseShayina
• Uchuku: Ukusebenzisa uchuku olukhulu noma ukusebenzisa uchuku olukhulu
• Ubuthi bezindawo: I-pesticides, izinto ezinzima njenge-lead noma i-mercury

Izimbangela ezingavamile kodwa ezinzima zifaka ukubhebhetheka kwezinye izidakamizwa zokulwa nobuhlungu uma zithathwe ngobuningi obukhulu. Ingozi yakho yomuntu siqu incika ezintweni ezifana nobudala bakho, impilo yakho jikelele, kanye nokwakheka kwakho kwe-genetic.

Nini kufanele ubheke udokotela ngokuqunjelwa kwe-hepatitis eyingozi?

Kufanele ufuna ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uthuthukisa i-jaundice (ukuphenduka kombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka wesikhumba noma amehlo) noma ubuhlungu obukhulu besisu. Lezi zimpawu zibonisa ukubhebhetheka okukhulu kwesibindi okudinga ukuhlolwa ngokushesha.

Xhumana nodokotela wakho phakathi namahora angu-24 uma uhlangabezana nokuphefumula okuqhubekayo, ukugabha, noma ukukhathala ngemuva kokubhebhetheka izinto ezingozi. Ngisho nezimpawu ezilula zingabonisa ukucindezeleka kwesibindi okudinga ukuqapha.

Shaya izinsiza eziphuthumayo ngokushesha uma unekungabaza, ubuthakathaka obukhulu, ubunzima bokuqeda umoya, noma ucinga ukuthi uhlushwe yizinambuzane. Lezi zimpawu zingabonisa ukuhluleka kwesibindi okukhulu, okuyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha esidinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha.

Ziyini izinto ezingozi zokuqunjelwa kwe-hepatitis eyingozi?

Izinto eziningi zingandisa amathuba akho okuthuthukisa ukuqunjelwa kwe-hepatitis eyingozi. Ukuqonda lezi zinto ezingozi kungakusiza ukuthi uthathe izinyathelo zokuvimbela futhi uqaphele ukuthi nini ungase ube sengozini.

Nawa ama-risk factors ayinhloko okumele uwazi:

• Ubudala: Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-60 nabantwana abancane baphatha ubuthi ngokungapheleli
• Ukugula kwesibindi okukhona: Izimo ezifana ne-hepatitis B, C, noma isifo sesibindi esinamanoni
• Ukusebenzisa uchuku: Ukusebenzisa uchuku njalo kwenza isibindi sakho sibe sengozini kakhulu kwezinye izinto ezingozi
• Izinto ze-genetic: Abanye abantu bane-enzymes ezihamba kancane zokususwa kobuthi
• Ukondleka okungalungile: Ukondleka okungalungile kubuthakathaka amandla esibindi sakho okuphatha ubuthi
• Ubulili besifazane: Abafazi bangase babe sengozini kakhulu ekulimala kwesibindi okubangelwa izidakamizwa
• Ukubhebhetheka emsebenzini: Imisebenzi ebandakanya amakhemikhali, izinto zokuhlanza, noma izinto zemisebenzi
• Izidakamizwa eziningi: Ukuthatha izidakamizwa eziningi kukhuphula ingozi yokusebenzisana

Ukuba nezinto ezingozi akusho ukuthi uzokuthuthukisa ngokuqinisekile ukuqunjelwa kwe-hepatitis eyingozi. Kodwa-ke, ukwazi ngazo kukusiza wena nodokotela wakho ukuba nizenze izinqumo ezilungile mayelana nezidakamizwa kanye nokuziphatha kwakho.

Ziyini izinhlanganisela ezingase zenzeke zokuqunjelwa kwe-hepatitis eyingozi?

Izimo eziningi zokuqunjelwa kwe-hepatitis eyingozi ziyaphela uma into eyingozi isiqediwe futhi ukwelashwa okulungile kuqale. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izimo zingase ziholele ezinhlanganisela ezinzima ezidinga ukuqapha okucophelelayo.

Izinhlanganisela ezingase zenzeke zifaka:

• Ukuhluleka kwesibindi okukhulu: Ukulahlekelwa ngokushesha kwesibindi okudingayo ukungena esibhedlela ngokushesha
• Isifo sesibindi esiqhubekayo: Ukubhebhetheka isikhathi eside okuholela ezinkingeni eziqhubekayo zesibindi
• Ukuqunjelwa kwesibindi (fibrosis): Ukubhebhetheka okungapheli komzimba okungathuthuka siye e-cirrhosis
• I-Portal hypertension: Ukucindezela okukhulu emathanjeni egazi esibindi
• Izinkinga zezinkulungwane: Ukubhebhetheka okukhulu kwesibindi kungathinta ukusebenza kwezinkulungwane
• Izifo zokugoba kwegazi: Isibindi sivelisa amaprotheni adingekayo ekugobeni okulungile

Izinhlanganisela ezingavamile kodwa ezinzima zingafaka ukuthuthukiswa komdlavuza wesibindi eminyakeni eminingi kamuva, nakuba lokhu kungavamile ngokuqunjelwa kwe-hepatitis eyingozi. Ingozi yezinhlanganisela iphakeme kakhulu uma ukubhebhetheka kuqhubeka noma uma ukwelashwa kulibaziseka, kungakho ukuqaphela nokwelashwa kwasekuqaleni kubalulekile kangaka.

Ukuqunjelwa kwe-hepatitis eyingozi kungavimbeka kanjani?

Ukuvimbela ukuqunjelwa kwe-hepatitis eyingozi kuhilela ukunakekela ngalokho okungena emzimbeni wakho nokuthatha izinyathelo zokuvimbela isibindi sakho ezintweni eziyingozi. Izimo eziningi zingavimbeka ngezinyathelo ezifanele.

Nawa amasu okuvimbela okuphumelelayo:

• Landela imiyalo yezidakamizwa: Ungalokothi udlule imithamo ecetyiswayo, ikakhulukazi nge-acetaminophen
• Gwema ukuhlanganisa uchuku nezidakamizwa: Lo mhlanganiso ukhulisa kakhulu ingozi yokuqunjelwa kwesibindi
• Hlola izithasiselo zemvelo: Izinto eziningi “zemvelo” zingalimaza isibindi sakho
• Sebenzisa izinyathelo zokuphepha emsebenzini: Gqoka izingubo zokulinda uma uphatha amakhemikhali
• Ungalokothi udle izinambuzane zasendle: Ngisho nabantu abanolwazi bangenza amaphutha abulalayo
• Limita ukusebenzisa uchuku: Landela imiyalo ecetyiswayo yokusebenzisa uchuku ngokuphepha
• Hlola ukusebenzisana kwezidakamizwa: Buza umthengisi wezidakamizwa mayelana nezingozi ezingase zenzeke phakathi kwezidakamizwa

Uma usebenza namakhemikhali noma uthatha izidakamizwa eziningi, ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile ngezivivinyo zokusebenza kwesibindi kungabamba izinkinga ekuqaleni. Udokotela wakho angakusiza futhi uqonde ukuthi yiziphi izinto eziyingozi kakhulu esimweni sakho somuntu siqu.

Ukuqunjelwa kwe-hepatitis eyingozi kuhlolwa kanjani?

Ukuhlola ukuqunjelwa kwe-hepatitis eyingozi kuhilela ukuxhuma izimpawu zakho nokubhebhetheka kwakamuva kwezinto ezingase zibe yingozi. Udokotela wakho uzoqala ngomlando ophelele mayelana nezidakamizwa, izithasiselo, ukubhebhetheka emsebenzini, kanye nemisebenzi yakamuva.

Inkambiso yokuhlola ivame ukufaka ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuhlola ukusebenza kwesibindi. Lezi zihloko zilinganisa ama-enzymes afana ne-ALT ne-AST, avela ezintweni ezonakele zesibindi egazini lakho. Amazinga aphezulu abonisa ukuqunjelwa kwesibindi.

Ukuhlolwa okuqhubekayo kungafaka amazinga e-bilirubin (abangela i-jaundice uma aphezulu), ukuhlolwa kokugoba kwegazi, kanye ngezinye izikhathi ukuhlolwa kwe-hepatitis ye-viral ukuqeda ezinye izimbangela. Kwezinye izimo, udokotela wakho angase acele ukuhlolwa kwezithombe njenge-ultrasound noma i-CT scans ukuhlola isimo sesibindi sakho.

Uma imbangela ingacaci, udokotela wakho angase acele i-liver biopsy. Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha isampula encane yomzimba ukuyibuka ngaphansi komkhiqizo, nakuba lokhu kungavamile ukudingeka ezimweni ezilula zokuqunjelwa kwe-hepatitis eyingozi.

Ukwelashwa kokuqunjelwa kwe-hepatitis eyingozi kuyini?

Ukwelashwa kokuqunjelwa kwe-hepatitis eyingozi kugxila ekususeni into eyingozi nokusekela isibindi sakho ngesikhathi siphulukisa. Indlela ethile incika kulokho okubangele ukubhebhetheka kwesibindi nokuthi izimpawu zakho zinzima kangakanani.

Isinyathelo sokuqala ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuyeka ukubhebhetheka ubuthi. Lokhu kungase kusho ukuyeka ukusebenzisa isidakamizwa, ukugwema amakhemikhali athile, noma ukususa izithasiselo ezithile ohlelweni lwakho.

Ngokuhlushwa yi-acetaminophen, odokotela bangase basebenzise i-N-acetylcysteine, isidakamizwa esingavimbela ukubhebhetheka kwesibindi uma sinikezwe ngokushesha. Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zigxila ekuphatheni izimpawu nokusekela ukusebenza kwesibindi ngesikhathi umzimba wakho uphulukisa ngokwemvelo.

Izimo ezinzima zingase zidinga ukungena esibhedlela ukuqapha eduze nokusekela ukunakekelwa. Kwezinye izimo ezingavamile lapho ukuhluleka kwesibindi kwenzeka khona, ukutshalwa kwesibindi kungase kudingeke, nakuba lokhu limelela ngaphansi kwe-1% yezimo zokuqunjelwa kwe-hepatitis eyingozi.

Indlela yokuphatha ukuqunjelwa kwe-hepatitis eyingozi ekhaya?

Ukunakekelwa ekhaya kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuphulukiseni kwakho ngokuqunjelwa kwe-hepatitis eyingozi. Isibindi sakho sidinga izimo ezinhle ukuzilungisa, futhi ungasekela le nqubo ngokuqaphela ngokucophelela ukudla nokuphila kwakho.

Ukuphumula kubalulekile ngesikhathi sokuphulukisa. Isibindi sakho senza umsebenzi omningi wokulungisa ngesikhathi ulele, ngakho-ke zama ukuthola amahora angu-8-9 okulala okuhle ubusuku ngalunye. Gwema imisebenzi yomzimba enzima kuze kube yilapho udokotela wakho ethi kuphephile.

Ukushintsha kokudla kungasekele kakhulu ukuphulukisa. Gxila ekudleni okulula ukukugaya njengeprotheni ezinwebe, izithelo, imifino, kanye nezinhlamvu eziphelele. Gwema uchuku ngokuphelele ngesikhathi sokuphulukisa, ngoba ngisho namanani amancane angaphazanyiswa ukuphulukisa kwesibindi.

Hlala unamanzi ngokunisela amanzi amaningi usuku lonke. Lokhu kusiza isibindi sakho ukuba sisuse ubuthi nokusekela ukuphulukisa jikelele. Gwema noma yiziphi izithasiselo noma izidakamizwa zemvelo ngaphandle kokuthi udokotela wakho avume.

Kufanele uzilungiselele kanjani i-aphoyintimenti yakho yodokotela?

Ukulungiselela ngokuphelele i-aphoyintimenti yakho kusiza udokotela wakho ukuba enze ukuxilongwa okulungile futhi enze uhlelo lokwelapha oluhle kakhulu. Ukuqoqa ulwazi olufanele ngaphambi kwesikhathi kungasindisa isikhathi esibalulekile futhi kuqinisekise ukuthi akukho lutho olubalulekile olulahlekile.

Letha uhlu oluphelele lwezidakamizwa, izithasiselo, kanye nemikhiqizo yemvelo oyithathe ezinyangeni ezintathu ezedlule. Faka imithamo nokuthi ube uthatha isikhathi esingakanani into ngayinye. Ngisho nemikhiqizo yokuthengisa ngaphandle kwesikripthi namavithamini angase abe yiyona.

Bhala izimpawu zakho nokuthi zaqala nini. Qaphela noma yiziphi izindlela, njengokuthi izimpawu zibi kakhulu ngezikhathi ezithile zosuku noma ngemuva kokudla. Bhala futhi noma yikuphi ukubhebhetheka kwakamuva kwamakhemikhali, izidakamizwa ezintsha, noma ukudla okungavamile.

Lungiselela imibuzo mayelana nesimo sakho, izinketho zokwelapha, kanye nesikhathi sokuphulukisa. Buza mayelana nezibonakaliso ezizokwenza kudingeke ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha nokuthi nini ungalindela ukuzizwa kangcono.

Iyini into ebalulekile mayelana nokuqunjelwa kwe-hepatitis eyingozi?

Ukuqunjelwa kwe-hepatitis eyingozi kuyisimo esinzima kodwa esivame ukulungiseka esenzeka uma isibindi sakho siqunjelwa ngenxa yokubhebhetheka izinto eziyingozi. Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyikhumbule ukuthi ukuqaphela kwasekuqaleni nokwelashwa ngokushesha kuholela emiphumeleni emihle kakhulu.

Abantu abaningi baphulile ngokuphelele uma into eyingozi ibonakaliswe futhi isusiwe. Isibindi sakho sinamandla okuphulukisa amangalisayo, futhi ngokunakekelwa okulungile nesikhathi, singabuya esimweni esijwayelekile ngisho nangemuva kokulimaza okukhulu.

Ukuvimbela kuhlala kuyindlela yakho engcono kakhulu. Ukuba oqaphile ngezidakamizwa, ukugwema izithasiselo ezingadingekile, nokukuvimbela ekubhebhethekeni kwamakhemikhali kungavimbela izimo eziningi zokuqunjelwa kwe-hepatitis eyingozi. Uma ungaqiniseki ngokuphepha kwento, xhumana nodokotela wakho.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana nokuqunjelwa kwe-hepatitis eyingozi

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuphulukisa ngokuqunjelwa kwe-hepatitis eyingozi?

Isikhathi sokuphulukisa sihluka kuye ngimbangela nokuqunjelwa kwesibindi. Izimo ezilula zingase ziphulukise phakathi kwamasonto angu-2-4 ngemuva kokususa into eyingozi. Izimo ezinzima zingase zithathe izinyanga eziningi ukuze ziphulukise ngokuphelele. Udokotela wakho uzoqapha intuthuko yakho ngokuhlola kwegazi okujwayelekile ukuqapha ukuthuthuka kokusebenza kwesibindi.

Ingabe ukuqunjelwa kwe-hepatitis eyingozi kungabulala?

Nakuba izimo eziningi zokuqunjelwa kwe-hepatitis eyingozi ziyaphela ngokuphelele ngokwelashwa okulungile, izimo ezinzima zingaba yingozi ebomini. Ukuhluleka kwesibindi okukhulu kwenzeka ngaphansi kwe-5% yezimo kodwa kudinga ukunakekelwa okusheshayo kwesiphuthumayo. Ukuqaphela kwasekuqaleni nokwelashwa kunciphisa kakhulu ingozi yezinhlanganisela ezinzima noma ukufa.

Ingabe ngizodinga ukugwema uchuku phakade ngemuva kokuqunjelwa kwe-hepatitis eyingozi?

Kufanele ugweme ngokuphelele uchuku ngesikhathi sokuphulukisa, okuvamise ukuthatha amasonto amaningana kuya ezinyangeni. Uma ukusebenza kwesibindi sakho kubuyele esimweni esijwayelekile, udokotela wakho angase avume ukusebenzisa uchuku olufanele. Kodwa-ke, isibindi sakho singase sihlale sibe sengozini kakhulu ezintweni ezingozi isikhathi eside, ngakho-ke ukunakekela okuqhubekayo ngochuku nezinye izinto ezingase zibe yingozi kuwukuhlakanipha.

Ingabe ukuqunjelwa kwe-hepatitis eyingozi kungenzeka ngokuthatha imithamo evamile yemithi?

Yebo, abanye abantu bangase bathuthukise ukuqunjelwa kwe-hepatitis eyingozi ngisho noma bethatha imithi njengoba kuyalelwe. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ngenxa yokuzinzisa komuntu siqu, izinto ze-genetic, noma ukusebenzisana phakathi kwezidakamizwa eziningi. Abanye abantu babe sengozini kakhulu ngenxa yobudala, izimo zempilo ezikhona, noma ukwahluka kwe-genetic endleleni abaphatha ngayo imithi.

Ngingazi kanjani ukuthi izimpawu zami ziya ziba zimbi?

Funani ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uthuthukisa i-jaundice eya ziba zimbi, ukungabaza, ubuhlungu obukhulu besisu, ubunzima bokuqeda umoya, noma ukuphuza noma ukuqunjelwa okungavamile. Lezi zimpawu zingabonisa ukuthi ukusebenza kwesibindi sakho kuya kuya phansi futhi kudinga ukuhlolwa kwesiphuthumayo. I-aphoyintimenti yokulandelela okujwayelekile ikusiza ukuqapha intuthuko yakho yokwelashwa nokuqaphela noma yiziphi izinguquko ezinkulu ekuqaleni.