Hepatitis Enenkani

Isibindi yilona lungu elikhulu kunazo zonke elikhulu emzimbeni. Lingalingana nobukhulu bebhola lezemidlalo. Likakhulu ngakwesokudla phezulu sesisu, ngaphezu kwesisu.

I-hepatitis enenkani iwukuvuvukala kwesibindi sakho njengomphumela wezinto ezithile ozithola. I-hepatitis enenkani ingabangelwa yi-alcholi, amakhemikhali, izidakamizwa noma izithasiselo zokudla.

Kwezinye izimo, i-hepatitis enenkani ivela emahoreni ambalwa noma ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ukukhombisa into enenkani. Kwezinye izimo, kungathatha izinyanga zokusetshenziswa njalo ngaphambi kokuba izimpawu ziqale ukubonakala.

Izimpawu ze-hepatitis enenkani zivame ukuhamba lapho ukukhombisa into enenkani kuphela. Kodwa i-hepatitis enenkani ingalimaza kakhulu isibindi sakho, okubangela ukuba kube khona amabala angapheliyo esibindini (i-cirrhosis) futhi kwezinye izimo kube khona ukwehluleka kwesibindi, okungaba yingozi eyingozi empilweni.

Izinhlobo ezilula ze-hepatitis enenkani zingase zingabangeli noma yiziphi izimpawu futhi zingatholakala kuphela ngezivivinyo zegazi. Uma izimpawu ze-hepatitis enenkani zivele, zingafaka: Ukufiphaza kwesikhumba nezinye izingxenye ezimhlophe zamehlo (ukufiphaza) Ukukhahlela Ubuhlungu besisu engxenyeni engaphezulu kwesokudla sesisu Ukukhathala Ukulahlekelwa kukho ukudla Ubuhlungu nokugabha Ukukhishwa Ukuvuvukala Ukulahlekelwa isisindo Ukwelula okumnyama noma okufana netiye Bheka udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma unezimpawu ezikukhathazayo. Ukudla okungaphezulu kwamanye amayeza, njenge-acetaminophen (Tylenol, amanye), kungabangela ukwehluleka kwesibindi. Thola ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma ucabanga ukuthi umuntu omdala noma ingane ithathe i-acetaminophen engaphezulu. Izimpawu ze-acetaminophen engaphezulu zingafaka: Ukulahlekelwa kukho ukudla Ubuhlungu nokugabha Ubuhlungu besisu engxenyeni engaphezulu I-Coma Uma ucindezela ukuthi kukhona i-acetaminophen engaphezulu, shayela u-911 ngokushesha, izinsizakalo zakho zokuxhumana eziphuthumayo, noma umugqa wokusiza ubuthi. Kunezindlela ezimbili zokuthola usizo e-Poison Control e-U.S: online ku-www.poison.org noma ngokubiza u-800-222-1222. Kokubili lezi zinketho zikhululekile, ziyimfihlo, futhi zitholakala amahora angama-24 ngosuku. Ungalindi izimpawu ukuthi zivele. I-acetaminophen engaphezulu ingabulala kodwa ingaphathwa ngempumelelo uma iqaphelwa ngokushesha ngemva kokudliwa.

Bona udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma unezimpawu noma yiziphi izimpawu ezikukhathazayo. Ukudla okungaphezulu kwemithi ethile, njenge-acetaminophen (Tylenol, nabanye), kungabangela ukwehluleka kwesibindi. Thola ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma ucabanga ukuthi umuntu omdala noma ingane ithathe i-acetaminophen ngaphezulu. Izimpawu ze-acetaminophen engaphezulu zihlanganisa:

• Ukwehluleka kokudla
• Ukuhlanza nokugabha
• Ubuhlungu emathunjini angaphezulu
• I-Coma Uma ucindezela ukuthi kukhona i-acetaminophen engaphezulu, shayela u-911 ngokushesha, izinsizakalo zakho zokuxhumana eziphuthumayo, noma umugqa wokusiza ubuthi. Kunezindlela ezimbili zokuthola usizo ekuLawuleni ubuthi e-U.S: online ku-www.poison.org noma ngokubiza u-800-222-1222. Kokubili lezi zinketho zikhululekile, ziyimfihlo, futhi zitholakala amahora angama-24 ngosuku. Ungalindi izimpawu zithuthuke. I-acetaminophen engaphezulu ingabulala, kodwa ingaphathwa ngempumelelo uma ihlonzwa ngokushesha ngemuva kokudla.

I-hepatitis enenkingi yenzeka lapho isibindi sakho sithuthukisa ukuvuvukala ngenxa yokubekwa esikhumbeni esinobuthi. I-hepatitis enenkingi ingase futhi ithuthukiswe lapho uthatha kakhulu imithi yokwelapha noma engaphezu kokuthengiswa.

Isibindi ngokuvamile sisusa futhi siqhekeza izidakamizwa eziningi kanye nezikhemikhali egazini lakho. Ukuqhekeka kwezinto ezibutha kwenza imikhiqizo eyingxenye engalimaza isibindi. Nakuba isibindi sinamandla amakhulu okuzithuthukisa, ukudalulwa okuqhubekayo ezintweni ezibutha kungabangela ukulimala okukhulu, ngezinye izikhathi okungenakulungiswa.

I-hepatitis enenkingi ingabangelwa yi:

• Uchweba. Ukuphaphaza okukhulu eminyakeni eminingi kungabangela i-hepatitis yochweba — ukuvuvukala esibindini ngenxa yochweba, okungabangela ukwehluleka kwesibindi.
• Imithi yokunciphisa ubuhlungu engaphezu kokuthengiswa. Imithi yokunciphisa ubuhlungu engaphezu kokuthengiswa njenge-acetaminophen (Tylenol, nabanye), i-aspirin, i-ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, nabanye) ne-naproxen (Aleve, nabanye) ingalimaza isibindi lakho, ikakhulu uma ithathwa njalo noma ihlanganiswe nochweba.
• Imithi yokwelapha. Eminye imithi ehlanganiswe nokulimala okukhulu kwesibindi ihlanganisa imithi ye-statin esetshenziswa ekwelapheni i-cholesterol ephakeme, imithi ehlangene ye-amoxicillin-clavulanate (Augmentin), i-phenytoin (Dilantin, Phenytek), i-azathioprine (Azasan, Imuran), i-niacin (Niaspan), i-ketoconazole, ezinye izidakamizwa zokulwa nezinambuzane kanye ne-steroids ezikhuthazayo. Kuneziningi ezinye.
• Izitshalo nemikhiqizo engeziwe. Ezinye izitshalo ezicatshangelwa ukuba ziyingozi esibindini zihlanganisa i-aloe vera, i-black cohosh, i-cascara, i-chaparral, i-comfrey, i-kava ne-ephedra. Kuneziningi ezinye. Abantwana bangathuthukisa ukulimala kwesibindi uma bephuza izithasiselo zevithamini njengoswidi futhi bathathe izilinganiso ezinkulu.
• Izinto ezikhemikhali zezimboni. Izinto ezikhemikhali ongabekwa esikhumbeni kuzo emsebenzini zingabangela ukulimala kwesibindi. Izinto ezikhemikhali ezivamile ezingalimaza isibindi zihlanganisa i-solvent yokuhlanza impahla ebomvu i-carbon tetrachloride, into ebizwa nge-vinyl chloride (esetshenziswa ekwenzeni ipulasitiki), i-herbicide paraquat neqembu lezikhemikhali zezimboni ebizwa nge-polychlorinated biphenyls.

Izimbangela ezingase zikhulise ingozi yakho ye-hepatitis enenkani zihlanganisa:

• Ukusebenzisa imithi yokunciphisa ubuhlungu noma imithi ethile evela kudokotela. Ukusebenzisa imithi noma imithi yokunciphisa ubuhlungu evela emakethe engozi yokulimaza isibindi kukhulise ingozi yakho ye-hepatitis enenkani. Lokhu ikakhulukazi uma usebenzisa imithi eminingi noma usebenzisa imithi engaphezu kwesilinganiso esinconywayo.
• Ukuba nesifo sesibindi. Ukuba nesifo esibi sesibindi njenge-cirrhosis noma isifo sesibindi esinamanoni angenamathumbu kukwenza ube sengozini kakhulu emiphumeleni yezinto eziyingozi.
• Ukuba ne-hepatitis. Ukutheleleka okuqhubekayo nge-hepatitis virus (i-hepatitis B, i-hepatitis C noma enye ye-hepatitis viruses—eyingavamile—engase ihlale emzimbeni) kwenza isibindi sakho sibe sengozini kakhulu.
• Ubudala. Njengoba ugoduka, isibindi sakho siqhekeza izinto eziyingozi kancane. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izinto eziyingozi nemikhiqizo yazo zihlala emzimbeni wakho isikhathi eside.
• Ukuphuza utshwala. Ukuphuza utshwala ngenkathi usebenzisa imithi noma izithasiselo ezithile zezitshalo kukhulise ingozi yokuba nenkani.
• Ukuba owesifazane. Ngenxa yokuthi abesifazane kubonakala sengathi bahlukanisa izinto eziyingozi kancane kunamadoda, ama-liver abo athola amanani aphezulu egazi ezinto eziyingozi isikhathi eside. Lokhu kukhulise ingozi ye-hepatitis enenkani.
• Ukuba nezinguquko ezithile ze-genetic. Ukudluliselwa kwezinguquko ezithile ze-genetic eziqeda ukukhiqizwa nokusebenza kwama-enzyme esibindi ahlukanisa izinto eziyingozi kungakwenza ube sengozini kakhulu ye-hepatitis enenkani.
• Ukusebenza nezinto eziyingozi zezimboni. Ukusebenza nezinto ezithile zezinto zezimboni kukubeka engozini ye-hepatitis enenkani.

Isibindi esinempilo, ngakwesobunxele, asibonisi zimpawu zokulimaza. Ekukhulupheni, ngakwesokudla, inyama yokulimala ithatha indawo yenyama yebindi enempilo.

Ukuvuvukala okuhambisana ne-hepatitis enenkani kungabangela ukonakala kwesibindi nokulimaza. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lo mlimaza, obizwa ngokuthi i-cirrhosis, kwenza kube nzima esibindini sakho ukwenza umsebenzi waso. Ekugcineni i-cirrhosis iholela ekwehlulekeni kwesibindi. Ukwelashwa kuphela kokwehluleka kwesibindi esiqhubekayo ukufaka isikhala esibindini esinempilo esivela kumnikelo (ukutshalwa kwesibindi).

Kungani kungenakwenzeka ukwazi ukuthi uzophendula kanjani kwelapha elithile, i-hepatitis enenkani ayikwazi ukugwenywa njalo. Kodwa unganciphisa ingozi yezinkinga ze-liver uma:

• Thatha imithi kuphela njengoba kuqondiswe. Landela imiyalo ngqo yanoma iyiphi imithi oyithathayo. Ungadluli inani elicelwe, ngisho noma izimpawu zakho zingebonakali zithuthuka. Ngenxa yokuthi imiphumela yokuhlanza ubuhlungu obungaphezu kokuthengiswa ngaphandle kokubhalwa kwelapha ngezinye izikhathi iphela ngokushesha, kulula ukuthatha okuningi.
• Qaphela ngezitshalo nemikhiqizo engeziwe. Ungacabangi ukuthi umkhiqizo wemvelo awusoze wabangela ubuhlungu. Xoxa ngezinzuzo nezingozi nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuthatha izitshalo nemikhiqizo engeziwe. I-National Institutes of Health igcina iwebhusayithi ye-LiverTox, lapho ungabheka khona imithi nemikhiqizo engeziwe ukuze ubone ukuthi ixhunyaniswe yini nokulimala kwe-liver.
• Ungaxubeki utshwala nemithi. Utywala nemithi kuyinhlanganisela embi. Uma uthatha i-acetaminophen, ungaphuzi utshwala. Buza udokotela wakho noma umthengisi wemithi mayelana nokuhlangana phakathi kotywala nezinye izidakamizwa ezibhaliwe nezingabhalwanga oziyisebenzisayo.
• Thatha izinyathelo zokuqapha ngamakhemikhali. Uma usebenza noma usebenzisa amakhemikhali anobungozi, thatha zonke izinyathelo ezidingekayo ukuze uzivikele ekubonakaleni. Uma uthintana nesigaxa esilimazayo, landela imiyalo endaweni yakho yokusebenza, noma shayela izinsizakalo zakho zokuphazamiseka eziku-endawo noma isikhungo sakho sokulawula ubuthi bendaweni ukuze uthole usizo.
• Gcina imithi namakhemikhali kude nezingane. Gcina yonke imithi nemikhiqizo engeziwe yevithamini kude nezingane futhi ezikhwameni ezivikelwe izingane ukuze izingane zingazigwinyi ngengozi.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-liver biopsy yinqubo yokususa isibonelo esincane sethishu ye-liver ukuze kuhlolwe elabhoratri. I-liver biopsy ivame ukwenziwa ngokufaka inhlanzi encane ngesikhumba bese iyangena e-liver.

Amathethhu nezindlela ezisetshenziswa ekutholakala kokutholakala kwe-hepatitis enenkani afaka:

• Ukuhlolwa komzimba. Udokotela wakho cishe uzokwenza ukuhlolwa komzimba bese uthatha umlando wezokwelapha. Qiniseka ukuthi uletha ekuqokweni kwakho wonke amaphilisi owathathayo, kufaka phakathi amaphilisi angaphezu kokuthengiswa ngaphandle komthetho nezimila, ezikhoneni zazo zokuqala. Tshela udokotela wakho uma usebenza nezikhemikhali zezimboni noma uma ungase ukhombiswe izibulali-zinambuzane, izibulali-zinambuzane noma ezinye izinto eziyingozi emvelo.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi. Udokotela wakho angase ayalele ukuhlolwa kwegazi okubukela amazinga aphezulu e-enzyme ethile ye-liver. La mazinga e-enzyme angabonisa ukuthi i-liver yakho isebenza kangcono kangakanani.
• Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe. Udokotela wakho angase akukhuthaze ukuhlolwa kwezithombe ukwenza isithombe se-liver yakho usebenzisa i-ultrasound, i-computerized tomography (CT) noma i-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe ezengeziwe kungafaka i-magnetic elastography ne-transient elastography.
• I-liver biopsy. I-liver biopsy ingasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuxilongwa kwe-hepatitis enenkani futhi isize ukukhipha ezinye izimbangela. Phakathi ne-liver biopsy, inhlanzi isetshenziswa ukukhipha isibonelo esincane sethishu e-liver yakho. Isibonelo sihlolwa ngaphansi kwesikhomba.