Toxoplasmosis

I-Toxoplasmosis (tok-so-plaz-MOE-sis) kuyisifo esibangelwa yi-parasite ebizwa ngeToxoplasma gondii. Abantu bavame ukuthola le ntshukumo ngokudla inyama engaphekwe kahle. Ungayithola futhi ngokuthinta ucezu lwekati. I-parasite ingadlulela engane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.

Abantu abaningi abane-parasite abanawo imimonyo. Abanye abantu bathola imimonyo efana ne-influenza. Isikhathi esinzima kakhulu sivame ukubathinta izingane ezincane nabantu abanasistimu yokuvikela emzimbeni ebuthakathaka. I-Toxoplasmosis ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ingabangela ukulahlekelwa kwengane nokulimala kokuzalwa.

Ukutheleleka okuningi akudingeki ukwelashwa. Ukwelashwa ngemithi kusetshenziswa kubantu abanesimo esinzima, abakhulelwe, abasanda kuzalwa nabantu abanasistimu yokuvikela emzimbeni ebuthakathaka. Izinyathelo eziningi zokuvimbela i-toxoplasmosis zinganciphisa ingozi yokutheleleka.

Abantu abaningi abane-toxoplasmosis abanawo noma yimaphi amazinga. Bavame ukungazi ukuthi baye basuleleka. Abanye abantu banezimpawu ezifana ne-influenza, okuhlanganisa: Ukushisa. Ama-lymph nodes avuvukile angase ahlale amasonto amaningi. Ukuphefumula kwekhanda. Ubuhlungu bemisipha. Isikhumba esibuhlungu. I-parasites ye-toxoplasma ingase ibekezelele izicubu zamehlo angaphakathi. Lokhu kungenzeka kubantu abanezimpande zokuphepha ezempilo. Kodwa leli gciwane libi kakhulu kubantu abanezimpande zokuphepha ezibuthakathaka. Ukutheleleka kweliso kubizwa ngokuthi i-ocular toxoplasmosis. Izimpawu zingafaka: Ubuhlungu beliso. Ukubona okubi. Ama-floaters, okuyizicucu ezibukeka sengathi zihamba embonini yakho. Isikhathi eside sokuhlinzwa kwamehlo singabangela ubuthakathaka. Abantu abanezimpande zokuphepha ezibuthakathaka banokuthola i-toxoplasmosis ebuhlungu kakhulu. Ukutheleleka kwe-toxoplasmosis kusuka ekuphileni kwangaphambili kungase kuphinde kuqale. Abantu abasezingozi bahlanganisa labo abahlala ne-HIV / AIDS, abantu abamukela ukwelashwa komdlavuza nabantu abane-organ eyalelwe. Ngaphezu kwezifo ezinkulu zamehlo, i-toxoplasmosis ingabangela isifo esibi se-lung noma ingqondo kumuntu onesistimu yokuphepha ebuthakathaka. Ngokuvamile, ukutheleleka kungabonakala kwezinye izicubu emzimbeni jikelele. Ukutheleleka kwe-lung kungabangela: Izinkinga zokuphefumula. Ukushisa. Ukukhokhla. I-Toxoplasmosis ingabangela ukuvuvukala kwengqondo, okuthiwa yi-encephalitis. Izimpawu zingafaka: Ukuphazamiseka. Ukungabi nesistimu. Ubuthakathaka bemisipha. Ukubamba. Ukushintsha ekuqapheleni. I-Toxoplasmosis ingadluliselwa umama ku-fetus ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-toxoplasmosis yokuqala. Ukutheleleka ngesikhathi sesigaba sokuqala sivame ukubangela isifo esibi kakhulu. Kungase futhi kuholele ekukhulelweni. Kwabanye abantwana abane-toxoplasmosis, isifo esibi kakhulu singase sibe khona ekuzalweni noma siqale ebuntwaneni. Izinkinga zezokwelapha zingafaka: Amanzi amaningi e-brain noma eduze kwengqondo, okuthiwa yi-hydrocephalus. Ukutheleleka okukhulu kwamehlo. Ukungalingani kwezicubu zengqondo. I-liver noma i-spleen enkulu. Izimpawu zesifo esibi zihlukahlukene. Zingafaka: Izinkinga emakhono engqondo noma emoto. Ubuthakathaka noma ezinye izinkinga zokubona. Izinkinga zokuzwa. Ukubamba. Izifo zenhliziyo. Ukukhanya kwesikhumba nezimhlophe zamehlo, okuthiwa yi-jaundice. Isikhumba. Abaningi abantwana abane-toxoplasmosis ababonisi zimpawu. Kepha izinkinga zingase zivele kamuva ebuntwaneni noma ebudaleni. Lokhu kuhlanganisa: Ukubuyela kwezifo zamehlo. Izinkinga ekuthuthukiseni amakhono emoto. Izinkinga ekucabangeni nasekufundeni. Ukwehluleka kokuzwa. Ukukhula okuhamba kancane. Ukuqala kwesikhathi sokuqala. Xoxa nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuhlolwa uma ukhathazekile ngokubekwa kweparasite. Uma uhlela ukukhulelwa noma ukhulelwe, bheka umhlinzeki wakho uma uthola ukuthi ukhona. Izimpawu ze-toxoplasmosis ebuhlungu zihlanganisa ukubona okungacacile, ukuphazamiseka nokulahlekelwa ukuxhumanisa. Lokhu kudinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha, ikakhulukazi uma unesimpande sokuphepha esibuthakathaka.

Xoxa nodokotela wakho wezempilo ngokuhlolwa uma ukhathazekile ngokubekwa engcupheni yi-parasite. Uma uhlela ukukhulelwa noma ukhulelwe, bona umhlinzeki wakho uma uthola ukuthi ubekwe engcupheni. Izimpawu ze-toxoplasmosis eqatha zihlanganisa ukubona okuphazamisekile, ukudideka nokulahlekelwa ukuxhumanisa. Lezi zidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha, ikakhulukazi uma une-immune system ebuthakathaka.

UToxoplasma gondii yisifo esingena ezilwaneni nasezinyoni eziningi. Singaqhubeka kuphela yonke inqubo yokuzala emakateni asemakhaya nasehlathini. La yiwona mabhungu amakhulu aleli sifo. Amaqanda angakabi avuthiwe, isigaba esiphakathi sokuzala, angatholakala egazini lemikati. Leli qanda elingakabi livuthiwe liyenza leli sifo liqhubeke liye kwelinye izidalwa. Lingadlulela emhlabathini nasemanzini, liye ezitshalweni, ezilwaneni nasebantwini. Uma lesi sifo sesifinyelele kwelinye isidalwa, inqubo yokuzala iyaqhubeka futhi ibangela ukutheleleka. Uma unempilo enhle, isimo sakho sokuvikela siyalwela leli sifo. Sihlala emzimbeni wakho kodwa asisebenzi. Lokhu kuvame ukukunika ukukhululeka okuphila konke. Uma uthintwa yilesi sifo futhi, isimo sakho sokuvikela siyosilwa. Uma isimo sakho sokuvikela sibuthakathaka kamuva ekuphileni, ukuzala kwalesi sifo kungaqala futhi. Lokhu kubangela ukutheleleka okusha okusebenzayo okungabangela isifo esinzima nezinhlungu. Abantu bavame ukuthola ukutheleleka kwe-toxoplasma ngezindlela ezilandelayo:

• Ugazi lwekati olunezifo. Amakati azama ukubulala izilwane noma adliwa inyama eluhlaza anethuba elikhulu lokuba ne-toxoplasma. Ungatheleleka uma uthinta umlomo wakho ngemva kokuthinta noma yini ethintene negazi lekati. Lokhu kungaba ukulima noma ukuhlanza ibhokisi le-litter.
• Ukudla noma amanzi angcolile. Inyama yenkomo, i-lamb, inyama yenkukhu, i-venison, inyama yenkukhu ne-shellfish ezingaphekwe kahle konke kuyaziwa njengabathwali balesi sifo. Ubisi lwezimbuzi olungaphekwanga namanzi okuphuza angaphathwe kahle nawo angaba ngabathwali.
• Izithelo nemifino ezingageziwe. Ubuso bezithelo nemifino bungaba neli sifo kulo.
• Amathuluzi akhishi angcolile. Izifo zingaba emapulatifomu okusika, ezikhishini nakwezinye izinto ezithinta inyama eluhlaza noma izithelo nemifino ezingageziwe.
• Ukuhlinzwa komzimba noma igazi elithathwe kwabanye. Ngokuvamile, izifo ze-toxoplasma zidluliselwa ngokuhlinzwa komzimba noma igazi elithathwe kwabanye.

Uphelile oluhlobo lwesilonda emhlabeni wonke. Noma ubani angatheleleka.

Ubungozi bezifo ezingathi sína ezivela ku-toxoplasmosis buhlanganisa izinto ezivimbela isimo somzimba ekulweni nezifo, ezifana nokuthi:

• Ukutheleleka yi-HIV/AIDS.
• Ukwelashwa nge-chemotherapy yomdlavuza.
• Ama-steroids aphezulu.
• Imithi evimbela ukuphikiswa kwamalungu adwetshwe.

Izindlela ezithile zokuqapha zingasiza ekunqobeni i-toxoplasmosis:

• Gqoka iziqhwaga uma ulima noma uphatha umhlabathi. Gqoka iziqhwaga uma usebenza ngaphandle. Geza izandla zakho ngensipho namanzi ngemva kwalokho.
• Ungadli inyama eluhlaza noma engaphekwe kahle. Sebenzisa i-thermometer yenyama ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inyama iphekwe ngokwanele. Pheka inyama yonke nezinhlanzi okungenani ku-145 F (63 C) bese uyishiya okungenani imizuzu emithathu. Pheka inyama eyi-ground okungenani ku-160 F (71 C). Pheka inyama yonke ne-poultry eyi-ground okungenani ku-165 F (74 C).
• Ungadli i-shellfish eluhlaza. Ungadli i-clams, i-mussels noma i-oysters eluhlaza, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
• Hlambulula izinto zokusebenzisa ekhishini ngokuphelele. Hlambulula amabhodi okusika, imithi kanye nezinye izinto zokusebenzisa ngamanzi ensipho ngemva kokuthinta inyama eluhlaza noma izithelo nemifino engageziwe. Geza izandla zakho ngokuphelele ngaphambi nangemva kokulungisa ukudla.
• Geza zonke izithelo nemifino. Geza izithelo nemifino entsha ngaphambi kokudla, ukukhipha noma ukupheka.
• Ungaphuzi ubisi lwezimbuzi olungaphekwanga. Gwema ubisi lwezimbuzi olungaphekwanga noma imikhiqizo eyenziwe ngalowo mbisi.
• Ungaphuzi amanzi angaphathwe. Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ungaphuzi amanzi angaphathwe.
• Vala ama-sandboxes ezingane. Valela ama-sandboxes ukuvimbela ikati langaphandle ukuthi lingawasebenzisi njengezindlu zokuya eceleni. Uma ukhulelwe noma unesongo le-toxoplasmosis, thatha lezi zinyathelo ukuze uzivikele:
• Siza ikati lakho lihlale liphilile. Gcina ikati lakho ngaphakathi. Lipheke ukudla okwomile noma okukhonjiswe, hhayi inyama eluhlaza noma engaphekwe kahle.
• Gwema amakati ahlala emagcekeni noma ama-kittens. Gwema amakati ahlala emagcekeni, ikakhulukazi ama-kittens. Ungatholi ikati elisha uma ukhulelwe.
• Yenza omunye umuntu ahlanze ibhokisi le-litter. Hlambulula ibhokisi nsuku zonke, uma kungenzeka. Uma omunye umuntu engenakukwenza lokho, gqoka iziqhwaga kanye ne-face mask ukuze ushintshe i-litter. Bese ugeza izandla zakho kahle.

Ukuxilongwa kwe-toxoplasmosis kusekelwe ekuhlolweni kwegazi. Izivivinyo zelebhu zingabonisa izinhlobo ezimbili zamathumbu. Elinye i-antibody liyisikhali sesistimu yokuvimba elikhona ngesikhathi sokutheleleka okusha nokusebenzayo nge-parasite. Elinye i-antibody likhona uma uke waba nokungcola nganoma yisiphi isikhathi esidlule. Kuye ngemiphumela, umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo angase aphinde ahlole ngemuva kwamasonto amabili.

Kunezindlela eziningi zokuhlola ezisetshenziswa kuye ngezimpawu ezingezona, impilo yakho nezinye izinto.

Uma unezimpawu zamehlo, uzodinga ukuhlolwa udokotela oqeqeshwe ekwelapheni izifo zamehlo, obizwa ngokuthi yi-ophthalmologist. Ukuhlolwa kungafaka ukusetshenziswa kwama-lenses akhethekile noma amakhamera avumela udokotela ukubona izicubu ngaphakathi kwamehlo.

Uma kunezimpawu zokuvuvukala kwengqondo, ukuhlolwa kungafaka okulandelayo:

• Ukubonwa kwengqondo. I-MRI noma i-CT scans zisetshenziswa ukudala izithombe zengqondo. Lezi zingabonisa izakhiwo ezingavamile ezingqondweni ezihlobene ne-toxoplasmosis.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Cerebral spinal fluid (CSF). I-CSF yisigaxa esizungezile futhi sivikela ingqondo nomgogodla. Izivivinyo zelebhu zingabonisa i-toxoplasma ku-CSF uma kukhona ukutheleleka ebuchosheni.
• Isikhuthulu sengqondo. Ngokungavamile, isikhuthulu sisuswa ebuchosheni ukuze kubonwe i-parasite.

E-United States, abantu abakhulelwe abahlolwa njalo nge-toxoplasmosis. Izincomo zokuhlola ziyahluka emazweni amanye.

Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo angase ayalele ukuhlolwa kwegazi lokutholakala uma:

• Izimpawu zakho zingase zivela ekuthelelekeni okusebenzayo kwe-toxoplasma.
• Izithombe ze-ultrasound yengane yakho zibonisa izici ezingavamile ezihlobene ne-toxoplasmosis.

Uma une-infection esebenzayo, ingadlulela engwaneni yakho esiswini. Ukuxilongwa kusekelwe ekuhlolweni kwe-fluid ezungeze ingane, okuthiwa yi-amniotic fluid. I-sample ithathwa ngenhlanzi enhle ehamba ngesikhumba sakho bese iya esikhwameni esigcwele i-fluid esiphethe ingane.

Umhlinzeki wakho wokunakekela uzoyala ukuhlolwa uma:

• Uvivinyo oluhle lwe-parasite.
• Imiphumela yokuhlola yakho ayicaci.
• Izithombe ze-ultrasound ze-fetus zibonisa izici ezingavamile ezihlobene ne-toxoplasmosis.

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kuyayalwa ngokuxilongwa kwe-toxoplasmosis kumntwana omusha uma kukhona ukutheleleka okucatshangelwayo. Ingane ehlola kahle izoba nezivivinyo eziningi zokuthola nokulandela isifo. Lokhu kungase kufaka:

• I-ultrasound noma i-CT imaging yengqondo.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-fluid ezungeze ingqondo nomgogodla.
• Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo.
• Ukuhlolwa kwezindlebe.
• Ukuhlolwa komsebenzi wengqondo, okuthiwa yi-electrocephalogram.