Ukuhlaselwa Okungapheli Isikhashana Kwesisu (TIA): Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

Ukuhlaselwa okungapheli isikhashana kwesisu (TIA) kuyiphuzu lokuphazamiseka kokugeleza kwegazi ingxenye yengqondo yakho. Cabanga ngakho njengoku“hlaselwa okuncane” okubangela izimpawu ezifana nokuhlaselwa kwesisu kodwa akubangeli ukulimala okumi phakade kwelisu.

Nakuba ama-TIA avame ukuphela kuphela imizuzu kuya emahoreni futhi izimpawu ziyaphela ngokuphelele, ayingqophamlando ezibalulekile. Umuthi wakho uyakunika isaziso sokuthi kukhona okudinga ukunakekelwa ngaphambi kokuba kube khona ukuhlaselwa kwesisu okukhulu.

Iyini i-Transient Ischemic Attack?

I-TIA yenzeka lapho ukugeleza kwegazi ebuchosheni bakho kuvinjelwe okwesikhashana, ngokuvamile yi-clot encane yegazi eyenziwe kwenye indawo emzimbeni wakho bese ihamba iye ebuchosheni bakho.

Uma kuqhathaniswa nokuhlaselwa kwesisu okugcwele, ukuvinjelwa kuyaqeda ngokwakho ngokushesha, kubuyisela ukugeleza kwegazi okujwayelekile. Umehluko oyinhloko phakathi kwe-TIA nokuhlaselwa kwesisu ukhona ekudedeleni nasekulimala. Izimpawu ze-TIA ziyaphela ngokuphelele phakathi namahora angu-24 (ngokuvamile ngokushesha kakhulu), kuyilapho ukuhlaselwa kwesisu kubangela imiphumela ehlala njalo. Noma kunjalo, zombili izimo zidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Odokotela ngezinye izikhathi babiza ama-TIA ngokuthi “ukuziqaphela ukuhlaselwa kwesisu” ngoba ngokuvamile kuqala ukuhlaselwa kwesisu kwangempela. Cishe umuntu oyedwa kwabathathu ababhekana ne-TIA uzohlangana nokuhlaselwa kwesisu ngonyaka uma engaqaphelwa.

Ziyini Izimpawu Zokuhlukunyezwa Okungapheli Isikhashana Kwesisu?

Izimpawu ze-TIA zifana nalezo zokuhlaselwa kwesisu kodwa ziyaphela ngokuphelele. Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyikhumbule ukuthi ngisho nezimpawu zesikhashana zifanele ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Izimpawu ezivamile ongazihlangabezana nazo zihlanganisa:

• Ubuthakathaka noma ukungabi namandla ngesisu esisodwa sobuso bakho, ingalo, noma umlenze
• Ukukhuluphala kokukhuluma noma ukuqonda inkulumo, kuhlanganise amazwi ahlafunwe
• Ukulahlekelwa kokubona ngokushesha kweliso elilodwa noma womabili, noma ukubona okubili
• Ubuhlungu obukhulu bendwabe ngaphandle kwesizathu esaziwayo
• Ukukhungatheka, ukulahlekelwa yi-balance, noma ukuwa ngokushesha
• Ukudideka noma ukukhuluphala ekuqondeni imiyalo elula

Izimpawu ezingavamile kodwa eziqakathekile zingase zihlanganise ukulahlekelwa kokuzwa ngokushesha, ukukhuluphala ekuhlaleni, noma izinkinga zememori zesikhashana. Lezi zimpawu ngokuvamile zivele ngokushesha futhi zingase ziye ziye.

Khumbula i-acronym FAST: Ubuso obukhulu, Ubuthakathaka be-Arm, Ukukhuluphala kokukhuluma, Isikhathi sokubiza izinsizakalo eziphuthumayo. Ngisho noma izimpawu zibonakala zithuthuka, usadinga ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Yini ebangela i-Transient Ischemic Attack?

Ama-TIA enzeka lapho kukhona okuvinela ukugeleza kwegazi ebuchosheni bakho. Isizathu esivamile yi-clot encane yegazi eyenziwe kwenye indawo emzimbeni wakho bese ihamba iye ebuchosheni bakho.

Izimo eziningi ezingaphansi zingase ziholele ku-TIA:

• I-Atherosclerosis (ukukhuluphala kwamagagasi ngenxa yokwakheka kwe-plaque)
• I-Atrial fibrillation (ukushaya kwentliziyo okungajwayelekile okungakha ama-clots)
• Ukuphindaphinda kwegazi eliphezulu okonakalisa imithambo emincane yegazi
• I-Diabetes ethonya impilo yemithambo yegazi
• I-Cholesterol ephakeme ehlanganyela ekuvinjeni kwamagagasi
• I-Carotid artery disease (ukunciphisa kwamagagasi omhlathi)

Izimbangela ezingavamile zihlanganisa izifo zokugoba kwegazi, imithi ethile, noma izimo ezingavamile njengokuhlukaniswa kwe-arterial. Ngezinye izikhathi, ingxenye encane ye-plaque iphuma odongeni lwe-artery bese ivinela ukugeleza kwegazi ebuchosheni okwesikhashana.

Ezimeni ezingavamile, ama-TIA angabangelwa ukuncishiswa kwegazi okukhulu, ukucindezela kwegazi okuphansi kakhulu, noma izifo ezithile zegazi ezithinta indlela igazi lakho eligeleza ngayo futhi ligobe.

Nini Okufanele Ubone Udokotela Nge-Transient Ischemic Attack?

Kufanele ufuna ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezifana nokuhlaselwa kwesisu, ngisho noma zibonakala zihamba. Shaya u-911 noma uhambe uye endlini yokwelapha ephuthumayo eduze kwakho ngokushesha.

Ungalindi ukubona ukuthi izimpawu zibuyela noma ziyanda. Ukuhlala kwesikhashana kwezimpawu ze-TIA akwenzi zibe zingeyona ezinkulu. Ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha okusheshayo kungasiza ekuvinjeni ukuhlaselwa kwesisu kwesikhathi esizayo.

Ngisho noma uzizwa uphelele ngesikhathi ufika esibhedlela, odokotela kudingeka baqhube izilingo ukuqonda ukuthi yini ebangela izimpawu zakho. Lokhu kuhlolwa kusiza ekuqondeni ingozi yakho yokuhlaselwa kwesisu nokuphathwa okuqondile.

Ziyini Izici Zengozi Zokuhlukunyezwa Okungapheli Isikhashana Kwesisu?

Ukuqonda izici zakho zengozi kusiza ukuthi uthathe izinyathelo zokuvikela ama-TIA nokuhlaselwa kwesisu. Ezinye izici ongazilawula, kuyilapho ezinye ungazilawuli.

Izici zengozi ongazishintsha zihlanganisa:

• Ukuphindaphinda kwegazi eliphezulu (isici esibaluleke kakhulu esilawuleka sengozini)
• Ukubhema noma ukusetshenziswa kwe-tobacco
• Amazinga e-cholesterol aphezulu
• I-Diabetes noma i-prediabetes
• Ukukhuluphala noma ukukhuluphala
• Ukungasebenzi komzimba
• Ukusetshenziswa okukhulu kotshwala
• Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa, ikakhulukazi i-cocaine noma i-amphetamines

Izici zengozi ongenakuzishintsha zihlanganisa ubudala (ingozi iyanda ngemuva kweminyaka engu-55), ubulili (phakathi kwamadoda kancane), uhlanga (phakathi kwama-Afrika America), nomlando womndeni wokuhlaselwa kwesisu noma i-TIA.

Izimo ezithile zezokwelapha zikhuphula futhi ingozi, njengokugula kwenhliziyo, i-atrial fibrillation, i-sleep apnea, nomlando wangaphambili we-TIA noma ukuhlaselwa kwesisu. Amaphilisi okulawula ukubeletha nokutshintshwa kwe-hormone kungase kukhuphule kancane ingozi kwabesifazane abathile.

Ziyini Izingozi Ezingenzeka Zokuhlukunyezwa Okungapheli Isikhashana Kwesisu?

Ingozi ebucayi kakhulu ye-TIA ukuhlangana nokuhlaselwa kwesisu kwangempela. Ngaphandle kokwelashwa okuqondile, cishe i-10-15% yabantu abana-TIA bayohlangana nokuhlaselwa kwesisu phakathi nezinyanga ezintathu.

Ingozi yakho yokuhlaselwa kwesisu iphakeme kakhulu ezinsukwini ezimbalwa neviki ezimbalwa ngemuva kwe-TIA. Kungakho ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okusheshayo nokuphathwa okuqhubekayo kubaluleke kakhulu ekuvinjeni izinkinga zesikhathi esizayo.

Ezinye izingozi ezingenzeka zihlanganisa ama-TIA aphindaphindayo, angenzeka uma izimbangela ezingaphansi zingaxazululwa. Abanye abantu bangase bahlangabezane nokukhathazeka noma ukucindezeleka ngemuva kwe-TIA, ikakhulukazi lapho beqonda iqiniso lengozi yabo yokuhlaselwa kwesisu.

Ngokungavamile, ama-TIA avamile angase aholele ekushintsheni okuncane kwengqondo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, nakuba lokhu kungavamile kakhulu kunokuhlaselwa kwesisu kwangempela. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ukwelashwa okuqondile kunciphisa kakhulu lezi zingozi.

Ukuhlaselwa Okungapheli Isikhashana Kwesisu Kungavikeleka Kanjani?

Ama-TIA amaningi angavikeleka ngokulawula izici zengozi nokwenza izinqumo zokuphila ezempilo. Izindlela ezifanayo ezivimbela ukugula kwenhliziyo ziyasiza ekuvinjeni ama-TIA nokuhlaselwa kwesisu.

Izindlela eziyinhloko zokuvikela zihlanganisa:

• Lawula ukucindezela kwegazi ngemithi nokushintsha indlela yokuphila
• Yekela ukubhema futhi ugcine ukubhema okwesibili
• Lawula i-diabetes ngokulawula kahle ushukela egazini
• Zivocavoca njalo (okungenani imizuzu engu-150 yomsebenzi ophakathi nsuku zonke)
• Gcina isisindo esinempilo
• Dla ukudla okunempilo kwenhliziyo okunamaqabunga, imifino, nama-grains aphelele
• Nciphisa ukusetshenziswa kotshwala
• Thatha imithi eyalwe ngumdokotela njengoba kuyalwe

Uma une-atrial fibrillation, ukuthatha imithi yokuncipha kwegazi njengoba kuyalwe kunganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yakho ye-TIA nokuhlaselwa kwesisu. Ukuhlolwa njalo kwezokwelapha kusiza ekuqondeni nasekulungiseni uhlelo lwakho lokuvikela.

Kubantu abane-carotid artery disease, izinqubo ezifana ne-carotid endarterectomy noma i-stenting zingase zinconywe ukuthuthukisa ukugeleza kwegazi nokuvimbela ama-TIA esikhathi esizayo.

Ukuhlaselwa Okungapheli Isikhashana Kwesisu Kuhlolwa Kanjani?

Ukuhlaziya i-TIA kungaba inselele ngoba izimpawu ngokuvamile ziyaphela ngesikhathi ufika ekunakekelweni kwezokwelapha. Udokotela wakho uzosebenzisa incazelo yakho yesimpawu nezilingo ezahlukene ukwenza ukuxilonga.

Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lizoqala ngomlando ophelele wezimpawu zakho, kuhlanganise nokuthi zaqala nini, zaziphela isikhathi esingakanani, nokuthi zazizizwa kanjani. Ukuhlolwa komzimba nokwe-neurological kusiza ekuqondeni isimo sakho samanje.

Izivivinyo ezivamile zokuxilonga zihlanganisa:

• I-CT scan noma i-MRI yengqondo yakho ukuvimbela ukuhlaselwa kwesisu noma ezinye izinkinga
• I-Carotid ultrasound ukuhlola ukuvinjwa kwamagagasi omhlathi wakho
• I-Electrocardiogram (ECG) ukuthola izinkinga zokushaya kwenhliziyo
• Izivivinyo zegazi ukuhlola i-cholesterol, ushukela egazini, nokusebenza kokugoba kwegazi
• I-Echocardiogram ukuhlola ukusebenza kwenhliziyo nokubuka ama-clots

Ngezinye izikhathi odokotela bayala ezinye izivivinyo ezifana ne-CT angiography noma i-MR angiography ukuthola izithombe ezinemininingwane yemithambo yegazi ebuchosheni bakho nomhlathi. Lokhu kusiza ekutholeni izindawo zokunciphisa noma ukuvinjwa.

Iyini Ukwelashwa Kokuhlukunyezwa Okungapheli Isikhashana Kwesisu?

Ukuphathwa kwe-TIA kugxila ekuvinjeni ukuhlaselwa kwesisu kwesikhathi esizayo nama-TIA ngokubhekana nezimbangela ezingaphansi. Uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa luzolungiswa ngokubheka izici zakho ezithile zengozi nezimo zezokwelapha.

Imithi evamile eyalwe yihlanganisa:

• Imithi ye-Antiplatelet (njenge-aspirin noma i-clopidogrel) ukuvimbela ama-clots egazi
• Imithi yokucindezela kwegazi ukulawula i-hypertension
• Imithi yokunciphisa i-cholesterol (ama-statins) ukuthambisa ukwakheka kwe-plaque
• Imithi ye-Diabetes ukulawula ushukela egazini
• Abaphindi egazi (ama-anticoagulants) uma une-atrial fibrillation

Abanye abantu bangase badinge izinqubo zobuhlinzwa ezifana ne-carotid endarterectomy ukususa i-plaque emagagasini omhlathi, noma i-carotid stenting ukuvula amagagasi amancane. Lezi zinqubo ngokuvamile zinconywa kubantu abane-carotid artery disease enzima.

Udokotela wakho uzogcizelela futhi ukushintsha indlela yokuphila njengengxenye yohlelo lwakho lokwelashwa. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukushintsha ukudla, izincomo zokuvocavoca, ukwesekwa kokushiya ukubhema, nezindlela zokulawula ukucindezeleka.

Indlela Yokuthatha Ukwelashwa Ekhaya Ngesikhathi Sokutakula Kwe-TIA?

Ukukhathalela ekhaya ngemuva kwe-TIA kugxila ekuthatheni imithi eyalwe ngokuqhubekayo nokwenza ukushintsha indlela yokuphila ukuvimbela izehlakalo zesikhathi esizayo. Ukubuyela kwakho empilweni kuningi ngokuvikela kunokwelapha ukulimala.

Thatha yonke imithi ngokuqondile njengoba kuyalwe, ngisho noma uzizwa uphelele. Ukweqa izilinganiso ze-blood thinners noma imithi yokucindezela kwegazi kungase kukhuphule ingozi yakho yokuhlaselwa kwesisu kakhulu.

Hlola ukucindezela kwegazi kwakho njalo uma une-hypertension. Gcina irekhodi lezinga ukuze wabelane neqembu lakho lezokunakekelwa kwezempilo. Ama-pharmacy amaningi nama-center womphakathi anikeza ukuhlolwa kwamahhala kokucindezela kwegazi.

Qaphela izimpawu zezexwayiso futhi wazi ukuthi nini kufanele ufuna usizo oluphuthumayo. Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezifana nokuhlaselwa kwesisu futhi, shaya u-911 ngokushesha kunokulinda ukubona ukuthi ziyaphela yini.

Dala uhlelo lokudla olunempilo kwenhliziyo oluneziqabunga, imifino, ama-grains aphelele, namaprotheni ahlanzekile. Nciphisa i-sodium, amafutha agcwele, nokudla okuqediwe. Cabanga ukuhlangana nodokotela wezondlo ukuze uthole isiqondiso esiqondile.

Kufanele Uzilungiselele Kanjani Ukuya Kulodokotela Wakho?

Ukulungiselela ukuya kwakho kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola ukunakekelwa okuphelele okungenzeka. Letha incazelo eningiliziwe yezimpawu zakho, kuhlanganise nesikhathi esiqondile nezici.

Bhala yonke imithi oyithathayo njengamanje, kuhlanganise nemithi yokuthengwa ngaphandle komthetho kanye nezinhlanganisela. Faka izilinganiso nokuthi uyithatha kangaki. Lolu lwazi lusiza udokotela wakho ukugwema ukusebenzisana okungozi.

Lungiselela uhlu lwemibuzo ofuna ukuyibuza. Izihloko ezibalulekile zingase zihlanganise ingozi yakho yokuhlaselwa kwesisu, imiphumela emibi yemithi, izincomo zendlela yokuphila, nezibonakaliso zezexwayiso okumele uzibheke.

Letha ilungu lomndeni noma umngani uma kungenzeka. Bangasiza ekukhumbula ulwazi oluxoxwe ngesikhathi sokuya kwakho futhi banikeze ukwesekwa ngesikhathi esingase sizizwe sinzima.

Butha amarekhodi akho ezempilo, ikakhulukazi noma yiziphi iziphumo zezivivinyo zakamuva, umlando wangaphambili we-TIA noma ukuhlaselwa kwesisu, nolwazi mayelana nezimo zenhliziyo noma ezinye izinkinga zezempilo ezifanele.

Iyini Iphuzu Eliyinhloko Mayelana Nokuhlukunyezwa Okungapheli Isikhashana Kwesisu?

I-TIA iyisaziso somzimba wakho sokuthi usesengozini yokuhlaselwa kwesisu. Nakuba izimpawu zingase zihambe ngokushesha, inkinga engaphansi ihlala futhi idinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ama-TIA aphatheka kakhulu, futhi ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okuqondile kunganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yakho yokuhlaselwa kwesisu. Abantu abaningi baqhubeka bephila impilo evamile, enempilo ngemuva kwe-TIA ngokwelashwa okuqondile nokushintsha indlela yokuphila.

Cabanga nge-TIA njengendlela yokulawula impilo yakho. Ngokusebenzisana neqembu lakho lezokunakekelwa kwezempilo nokwenza izinguquko ezidingekayo, ungathuthukisa kakhulu umbono wakho wesikhathi eside nekhwalithi yempilo.

Imibuzo Evamile Ebuzwayo Mayelana Nokuhlukunyezwa Okungapheli Isikhashana Kwesisu

Ungaba ne-TIA futhi ungayazi?

Yebo, abanye abantu bahlangabezana nezimpawu ze-TIA ezilula kakhulu abangase bazibize ngokuthi ukukhathala, ukukhungatheka, noma ukudideka okwesikhashana. Noma kunjalo, noma yiziphi izimpawu ze-neurological eziqala ngokushesha zifanele ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha, ngisho noma zibonakala zincinci noma ziyaphela ngokushesha.

Isikhathi esingakanani izimpawu ze-TIA zivame ukuphela?

Izimpawu eziningi ze-TIA ziphela phakathi kwemizuzu embalwa kuya emahoreni ambalwa. Ngokuchazwa, zonke izimpawu kufanele zihambe phakathi namahora angu-24. Noma kunjalo, ngisho noma izimpawu ziphela imizuzu embalwa, usadinga ukufuna ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Ingabe ukucindezeleka kungabangela i-TIA?

Nakuba ukucindezeleka kudwa kungabangeli ama-TIA ngokuqondile, ukucindezeleka okuqhubekayo kungase kuhlanganyele ezicini zengozi ezifana nokucindezela kwegazi eliphezulu, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile, nezindlela zokuphila ezimbi. Ukuphatha ukucindezeleka ngezindlela zokubhekana nezimo ezempilo kuyiyingxenye ebalulekile yokuvikela i-TIA.

Kuphephile yini ukuqhuba ngemuva kokuba ne-TIA?

Akufanele uqhube ngokushesha ngemuva kwe-TIA kuze kube yilapho uhlolwe udokotela futhi uvunyelwe ukwenza kanjalo. Udokotela wakho uzohlola isimo sakho ngokukhethekile, kuhlanganise nengozi yakho yokuhlaselwa kwesisu nanoma yiziphi izimpawu eziqhubekayo, ngaphambi kokuncoma ukuthi nini kuphephile ukuqala ukuphatha imoto.

Ingabe ngizoba ne-TIA enye noma ukuhlaselwa kwesisu?

Ingozi yakho ixhomeke ezintweni eziningi, kuhlanganise nezimo zakho zezempilo ezingaphansi nokuthi ulandela kangcono izincomo zokwelashwa. Ngokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okuqondile nokushintsha indlela yokuphila, abantu abaningi abaphinde bahlangabezane ne-TIA enye noma ukuhlaselwa kwesisu. Udokotela wakho angakusiza ekuqondeni izinga lakho elikhethekile lengozi.