Ukuhlanganiswa Kwezitho Ezikhulu Zomzimba: Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

Ukuhlanganiswa kwezitho ezikhulu zomzimba kuyisimo esinzima senhliziyo lapho izitho ezimbili eziphambili zegazi eziphuma enhliziyweni zishintshiwe. Lokhu kusho ukuthi igazi elicebile nge-oksijini alifinyeleli emzimbeni ngokufanele, futhi igazi elingenayo i-oksijini aliyi emaphaphweni njengoba kufanele.

Lesi simo senzeka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa lapho inhliziyo yengane yakha. Sithinta cishe ingane eyi-1 ku-4,000 ezalwa unyaka ngamunye. Nakuba lokhu kuzwakala kukhulu, imithi yanamuhla inezindlela zokwelapha ezinhle ezisiza izingane ezinalesi simo ukuba ziphile ukuphila okuzele, okuhle.

Kuyini Ukuhlanganiswa Kwezitho Ezikhulu Zomzimba?

Enhliziyweni evamile, izitho ezinkulu ezimbili zithwala igazi kude nenhliziyo. I-aorta ithwala igazi elicebile nge-oksijini emzimbeni, kuyilapho i-pulmonary artery ithwala igazi elingenayo i-oksijini emaphaphweni. Ekuhlanganiseni kwezitho ezikhulu zomzimba, lezi zitho ezimbili zishintshiwe noma "zihlanganiswe."

Cabanga ngayo njengemigwaqo emikhulu emibili ehlanganiswe ngezindlela zokuphuma. Igazi lisaphuma, kodwa liya ezindaweni ezingalungile. Uhlangothi lwesokudla lenhliziyo lupompa igazi emzimbeni esikhundleni semaphaphwini, kuyilapho uhlangothi lwesobunxele lupompa igazi emaphaphweni esikhundleni somzimba.

Lokhu kudala izigaba ezimbili zokujikeleza kwegazi ezingaxhunyanisiwe kahle. Ngaphandle kokwelashwa, izingane azikwazi ukuthola i-oksijini eyanele ezingxenyeni zazo zomzimba. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi odokotela bangalungisa lesi simo ngokuhlinzwa.

Ziyini Izinhlobo Zokuhlanganiswa Kwezitho Ezikhulu Zomzimba?

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziphambili zalesi simo, nokuqonda ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo olunezane yakho kusiza odokotela ukuhlela indlela engcono kakhulu yokwelapha.

Ukuhlanganiswa okulula (D-TGA): Lolu uhlobo oluvamile kakhulu, lapho izitho ezikhulu zomzimba kuphela zishintshiwe. Izingxenye zokupompa zenhliziyo nezicabha zisebenza ngokujwayelekile. Cishe u-70% wezimo lolu hlobo.

Ukuhlanganiswa okuyinkimbinkimbi (L-TGA): Kulolu hlobo oluyimfihlo, kokubili izitho ezikhulu zomzimba nezingxenye eziphansi zenhliziyo zishintshiwe. Lolu hlobo luhlala luhambisana nezinye izinkinga zenhliziyo futhi lungase lingabangeli izimpawu iminyaka eminingi.

Udokotela wakho uzosebenzisa izivivinyo ezikhethekile ukuze aqonde ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo olunezane yakho. Lolu lwazi lubasiza ukuba bakhe uhlelo lokwelapha oluphumelelayo esimweni sakho esithile.

Ziyini Izimpawu Zokuhlanganiswa Kwezitho Ezikhulu Zomzimba?

Izingane eziningi ezinalesi simo zibonisa izimpawu ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala noma emaviki okuqala kokuphila. Izimpawu zenzeka ngoba umzimba wazo awutholi igazi elicebile nge-oksijini eyanele.

Nazi izimpawu ongazibona esiyameni sakho esisha:

• Umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma opurple wesikhumba, ikakhulukazi ngezindebe, izinzwane, nezinzwane zezinyawo
• Ukuphefumula okunzima noma ukuphefumula okusheshayo
• Ukudla okubi noma ukukhathala ngesikhathi sokudla
• Ukuthuthuka okuncane kwesisindo noma ukwehluleka ukuthuthuka
• Ukukhipha ukushisa okukhulu, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokudla
• Ukucasuka noma ukukhathazeka okungavamile
• Ukuvilapha noma ukubonakala ulele ngokungavamile

Ezinye izingane zingabonakala zilungile ngesikhathi zizalwa kodwa zithole izimpawu njengoba ukuxhumana kwemvelo kwenhliziyo kuvala ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala. Uma ubona noma yiziphi izimpawu, xhumana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha.

Ezimweni ezingavamile ngokuhlanganiswa okuyinkimbinkimbi, izimpawu zingase zingabonakali kuze kube kamuva ebuntwaneni noma ngisho nasebudaleni. Lezi zingane zingase zibhekane nokuqeda amandla, ukuphefumula okunzima ngesikhathi somsebenzi, noma izinkinga zokujikeleza kwenhliziyo.

Yini Ebangela Ukuhlanganiswa Kwezitho Ezikhulu Zomzimba?

Lesi simo sithuthuka phakathi kwamasonto angu-8 okuqala okukhulelwa lapho inhliziyo yengane yakha. Imbangela eqondile ayiqondakali ngokuphelele, kodwa kwenzeka lapho izitho ezikhulu zomzimba zingathuthuki ezindaweni zazo eziqondile.

Ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kwemvelo kwenhliziyo, inhliziyo iqala njengompompo olula oluguquka futhi luhlukaniswe ziingxenye. Ngezinye izikhathi le nqubo enzima ayenziwa ngokucacile njengoba kuhlelwe, okuholela ekubeni izitho zixhunyaniswe nezingxenye ezingalungile.

Izimo eziningi zenzeka ngokungahleliwe ngaphandle kwanoma iyiphi imbangela ethile. Akuyona into oyenzile noma awuyenzanga ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Lesi simo ngokuvamile alidluliselwa, nakuba ukuba nengane eyodwa enezinkinga zenhliziyo kukhuphula kancane amathuba okukhulelwa kwesikhathi esizayo.

Ezinye izinto ezingase zikhuphule kancane ingozi zihlanganisa isifo sikashukela sikamama, imithi ethile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, noma ubudala obukhulu bomama. Noma kunjalo, izingane eziningi ezinalesi simo zizalwa kumama angenazo izinto ezingozi.

Nini Okufanele Ubone Udokotela Ngokuhlanganiswa Kwezitho Ezikhulu Zomzimba?

Shaya ucingo ku dokotela wakho ngokushesha uma ubona noma yiluphi uhlobo lombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka esikhuneni, ezindebeni, noma ezinzwane zesikhumba sesiyameni sakho. Lo mbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, obizwa ngokuthi i-cyanosis, usho ukuthi ingane yakho ayitholi i-oksijeni eyanele futhi idinga ukunakekelwa okusheshayo kwezokwelapha.

Kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho ngokushesha uma ingane yakho inenkinga yokuphefumula, idla kabi, noma ibonakala ikhathele noma ikhathazekile ngokungavamile. Lezi zimpawu zingase zithuthuke ngokushesha ezinganeni ezinezimo zenhliziyo.

Uma ingane yakho ihlonishwe lesi simo ngaphambi kokuzalwa, qiniseka ukuthi uzala esibhedlela esinendawo yokunakekelwa kwenhliziyo yengane. Ukuba nochwepheshe abalungile kusukela ngesikhathi sokuzalwa kungenza umehluko omkhulu ekunakekelweni kwengane yakho.

Kuzingane ezindala ezinokuhlanganiswa okuyinkimbinkimbi, qaphela izimpawu ezifana nokuqeda amandla okungavamile ngesikhathi sokudlala, ukuphefumula okunzima, noma ukukhala ngezinhlungu zesisu. Lezi zimpawu zingase zithuthuke kancane futhi zidinga ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha.

Ziyini Izinto Ezingozi Zokuhlanganiswa Kwezitho Ezikhulu Zomzimba?

Izingane eziningi ezinalesi simo azinazo izinto ezingozi ezithile, kodwa ezinye izimo zingase zikhuphule kancane amathuba. Ukuqonda lezi zinto kungasiza ekutholeni okusheshayo nasekuhleleni ukunakekelwa.

Nazi izinto ezingase zikhuphule ingozi:

• Isifo sikashukela sikamama ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa
• Ukuthatha imithi ethile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, njengemithi yokulwa nezifo
• Ubudala obukhulu bomama (ngaphezulu kuka-35)
• Umlando womndeni wezinkinga zenhliziyo ezingokuzalwa
• Ezinye izimo zezofuzo ezifana ne-Down syndrome
• Ukuvezwa ezimweni ezithile zezinto ezinobuthi noma ukutheleleka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa

Khumbula ukuthi ukuba nezinto ezingozi akusho ukuthi ingane yakho ngokuqinisekile izoba nalesi simo. Izingane eziningi ezinalezi zinto ezingozi zizalwa zinezinhliziyo ezimpilo ngokuphelele. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izingane eziningi ezinokuhlanganiswa azinazo izinto ezingozi ezibonakalayo nhlobo.

Ziyini Izingozi Ezingase Zenzeke Ngokuhlanganiswa Kwezitho Ezikhulu Zomzimba?

Ngaphandle kokwelashwa, lesi simo singabangela izinkinga ezinkulu ngoba umzimba awutholi i-oksijeni eyanele. Ukuqonda lezi zingozi kusiza ekuchazeni ukuthi kungani ukwelashwa okusheshayo kubaluleke kangaka.

Izingozi eziqondile kakhulu zihlanganisa:

• Ukuntuleka okukhulu kwe-oksijeni okuholela ekubeni izitho zomzimba zonakale
• Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo ngenxa yokusebenza kanzima kwenhliziyo
• Ukuthuthuka okubi kwesisindo nokuthuthuka
• Ukungozi eyenyuka yokutheleleka
• Iziqu ezigcina igazi ezingabangela izifo zengqondo
• Ukujikeleza okungavamile kwenhliziyo

Ngokwelashwa lwezokwelapha olukhulu, izingane eziningi zigwema lezi zingozi ezinkulu. Noma kunjalo, ngisho nangemuva kokwelashwa okuphumelelayo, kukhona ezinye izinto okufanele zicatshangelwe isikhathi eside. Lezi zingase zihlanganise isidingo sezindlela zokwelapha ezengeziwe, ukuqapha ukujikeleza kwenhliziyo, noma ukulinganiselwa kwemisebenzi.

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi izingane eziningi ezithola ukwelashwa okuqondile zikhula zibe ukuphila okuvamile, okujabulisayo. Ukuvakashela njalo kudokotela wezingane we-cardiologist kusiza ekutholeni nasekulungiseni noma yiziphi izinkinga ngokushesha.

Ukuhlanganiswa Kwezitho Ezikhulu Zomzimba Kuhlolwa Kanjani?

Odokotela bangakwazi ukuxilonga lesi simo ngaphambi kokuzalwa, ngokushesha ngemuva kokuzalwa, noma ngezinye izikhathi kamuva uma izimpawu zithuthuka kancane. Inqubo yokuxilonga ngokuvamile iqala lapho othile eqaphela izimpawu ezikhathazayo noma ngesikhathi sokuhlola okungokuvamile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.

Ngaphambi kokuzalwa, i-ultrasound ebizwa ngokuthi i-fetal echocardiogram ingabonisa ubukhulu benhliziyo. Le ultrasound ekhethekile inika odokotela izithombe eziningiliziwe zendlela igazi eligeleza ngayo enhliziyweni yengane yakho. Uma ixilongwe ngaphambi kokuzalwa, odokotela bangakwazi ukuhlela ukunakekelwa okusheshayo ngemuva kokuzalwa.

Ngemuva kokuzalwa, ukuxilonga ngokuvamile kuqala ngokuhlolwa komzimba lapho udokotela elalela inhliziyo futhi ahlole umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Bangase bayalele ukuhlolwa okuningi okuhlanganisa i-X-ray yesifuba, i-electrocardiogram (EKG), ne-echocardiogram ukuze babone ubukhulu nokusebenza kwenhliziyo.

Ngezinye izikhathi odokotela badinga ukuhlolwa okuqhubekayo njenge-cardiac catheterization, lapho befaka khona umpompo omncane ezithweni zegazi ukuze bathole izithombe eziningiliziwe. Lezi zivivinyo zisiza odokotela ukuthi baqonde ngokuqondile ukuthi inhliziyo yengane yakho ihlanganiswe kanjani futhi bahlele indlela engcono kakhulu yokwelapha.

Kuyini Ukwelashwa Kokuhlanganiswa Kwezitho Ezikhulu Zomzimba?

Ukuphathwa kwalesi simo cishe kuhlale kuhilela ukuhlinzwa ukuze kuhlanganiswe izitho ezifanele nezingxenye ezifanele. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi izindlela zokwelapha ziye zahluka kakhulu, futhi izingane eziningi ziyaphila kahle ngemuva kokwelashwa.

Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala zokuphila, odokotela bangase badinge ukwenza inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-balloon atrial septostomy. Lokhu kudala ukwambulwa okwesikhashana phakathi kwezingxenye eziphezulu zenhliziyo, okuvumela igazi elicebile nge-oksijini nelilangenayo i-oksijini ukuba lihlangane kangcono kuze kube yilapho kwenziwa ukuhlinzwa.

Ukwelashwa okuyinhloko kokwelapha kubizwa ngokuthi i-arterial switch operation. Odokotela abenza ukuhlinzwa bakhipha izitho ezikhulu zomzimba futhi bazixhumanise nezingxenye ezifanele. Bafaka futhi izitho ze-coronary, ezinikeza igazi enhliziyweni ngokwayo. Lokhu kuhlinzwa ngokuvamile kwenziwa phakathi kwamasonto ambalwa okuqala okuphila.

Ezimeni ezinzima, odokotela bangase bancoma indlela ehlukile ebizwa ngokuthi i-Mustard noma i-Senning procedure, lapho baphindela khona ukugeleza kwegazi ngokusebenzisa ama-patches noma inyama yenhliziyo ngokwayo. Ukukhetha kuncike ekwakheni kwengane yakho kanye nezinye izinto.

Ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, izingane eziningi zidinga ukunakekelwa okuqhubekayo kudokotela wezingane we-cardiologist. Lokhu kusiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi inhliziyo iyaqhubeka isebenza kahle njengoba ingane yakho ikhula futhi ithuthuka.

Unganakekela Kanjani Ingane Yakho Ekhaya Ngesikhathi Sokutamba?

Ukukhathalela ingane yakho ekhaya ngemuva kokuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo kudinga ukunakekelwa kwezindawo ezibalulekile. Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lizokunika imiyalo ekhethekile, kodwa nazi izinkombandlela ezijwayelekile ezisiza ekuthuthukiseni impilo.

Okokuqala, gxila ekudleni nasekudleni. Ingane yakho ingase ikhathale kalula ngesikhathi sokudla, ngakho-ke nikeza ukudla okuncane, okuvamile. Uma ukuncelisa kuba nzima, ungangabazi ukucela usizo ku-lactation consultant oqonda izimo zenhliziyo.

Qaphela izimpawu zokutheleleka eduze kwendawo yokuhlinzwa, okuhlanganisa ukukhuluphala okukhulu, ukukhuluphala, noma ukukhipha. Gcina isigodi sihlanzekile futhi siwomile njengoba kunconywe yiqembu lakho lokuhlinzwa. Izingane eziningi zingase zibe nama-baths amnandi uma udokotela evuma.

Qapha ingane yakho noma yiziphi izimpawu ezikhathazayo ezifana nokukhuluphala kombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ukuphefumula okunzima, ukudla okubi, noma ukukhathazeka okungavamile. Ukuba nohlu olubhaliwe lokuthi nini okufanele ucingo udokotela kusiza ukuthi uzizwe ukhulu ngokunakekelwa kwengane yakho.

Njengoba ingane yakho ikhula, cishe izodinga ukulinganiselwa kwemisebenzi ekuqaleni, kodwa izingane eziningi ekugcineni zingase zihlanganyele emisebenzini yobunye elijwayelekile. Udokotela wakho we-cardiologist uzakukhokhela lokho okuqondile kuzo zonke izigaba zokutamba.

Kufanele Uzilungiselele Kanjani Ukuvakashela Udokotela?

Ukulungiselela ukuvakashela iqembu lenhliziyo yengane yakho kusiza ukuthi wenze okuningi ngesikhathi sakho ndawonye futhi kuqinisekise ukuthi uthola izimpendulo zemibuzo yakho ebaluleke kakhulu.

Ngaphambi kokuvakashela ngakunye, bhala phansi noma yiziphi izimpawu ozibonile, imibuzo mayelana nokunakekelwa kwengane yakho, nokukhathazeka mayelana nokuthuthuka noma imisebenzi. Letha uhlu lwemithi yonke ingane yakho eyiphuzayo, okuhlanganisa nezinga kanye nesikhathi.

Gcina irekhodi lokuthuthuka kwengane yakho, izindlela zokudla, kanye nezilinganiso zemisebenzi phakathi kokuvakashela. Lolu lwazi lusiza odokotela ukuthi baqonde ukuthi ingane yakho iphilile kangakanani ngokujwayelekile. Izithombe noma amavidiyo ezimpawu ezikhathazayo nawo angasiza.

Letha ilungu lomndeni omethembayo noma umngani emihlanganweni ebalulekile. Ukuba nokusekelwa kusiza ukuthi uqonde ulwazi futhi ukhumbule imininingwane ebalulekile. Ungangabazi ukucela odokotela ukuthi bachaze izinto ngezindlela ezahlukene uma kukhona okuqondakali.

Lungiselela ingane yakho endala ngokuvakashela ngokuchaza ukuthi yini ezoqala ngezindlela ezifanele iminyaka. Ukuletha izinto zokunethezeka ezifana nomdlalo oyintandokazi kungasiza ekuthuthukiseni ukukhathazeka kokubili.

Iyini Iphuzu Eliyinhloko Mayelana Nokuhlanganiswa Kwezitho Ezikhulu Zomzimba?

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele uyikhumbule ukuthi ukuhlanganiswa kwezitho ezikhulu zomzimba kuyisimo esinzima esidinga ukunakekelwa okusheshayo kwezokwelapha, kodwa futhi kuphatheka kakhulu ngemiphumela emihle yesikhathi eside.

Ngezindlela zokwelapha zanamuhla, izingane eziningi ezithola ukwelashwa olufanele ziyaqhubeka ziphile ukuphila okuzele, okujabulisayo. Zingase zihlanganyele ezemidlalo, ziye esikoleni ngokujwayelekile, futhi zilandele amaphupho azo njengezinye izingane.

Ukuphumelela kuyindlela yokuxilonga nokwelapha okusheshayo ochwepheshe benhliziyo yengane abanolwazi. Uma ukhathazekile ngezimpawu zengane yakho, themba intukuthelo yakho futhi ufuna ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Khumbula ukuthi awuwedwa kule ndlela. Amaqembu enhliziyo yengane ahlanganisa odokotela, abahlengikazi, abasebenzi bezenhlalakahle, kanye nochwepheshe abanye abaqonda kokubili izici zezokwelapha nezingokomzwelo zokunakekelwa kwezingane ezinalezimo zenhliziyo.

Imibuzo Evamile Mayelana Nokuhlanganiswa Kwezitho Ezikhulu Zomzimba

Q1: Ingane yami ingaphila ukuphila okuvamile ngemuva kokuhlinzwa kokuhlanganiswa kwezitho ezikhulu zomzimba?

Yebo, izingane eziningi ezinokuhlinzwa okuphumelelayo kokuhlanganiswa ziyaphila ukuphila okuvamile ngokuphelele. Zingaya esikoleni, zidlale imidlalo, futhi zihlanganyele kuzo zonke imisebenzi yobunye elijwayelekile. Ezinye zingase zidinga ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kudokotela we-cardiologist, kodwa lokhu ngokuvamile akulinganiselwa imisebenzi yazo yansuku zonke. Abantu abadala abaningi ababenalesi sihlinzwa njengezingane bayaqhubeka beba nemindeni yabo futhi balandele noma yimuphi umsebenzi abawukhethayo.

Q2: Ingane yami izodinga ukuhlinzwa okuningi njengoba ikhula?

Izingane eziningi ezinokuhlinzwa kwe-arterial switch azidingi ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo ezengeziwe. Noma kunjalo, ezinye zingase zidinga izinqubo ezincane uma izinkinga zithuthuka ngezitho ze-coronary noma izicabha zenhliziyo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Udokotela wezingane we-cardiologist wakho uzakulandela inhliziyo yabo njalo futhi akuazise uma kunesidingo sokwelashwa ezengeziwe. Isidingo sokuhlinzwa kwesikhathi esizayo sihluka kakhulu kusuka kwingane kuya kwingane.

Q3: Ngingathinteka yini lesi simo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa?

Cha, ayikho into obungayenza ngokuhlukile ukuvimbela lesi simo. Ukuhlanganiswa kwezitho ezikhulu zomzimba kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kwenhliziyo futhi akubangelwa yinoma yini abazali abayenzayo noma abangayenzi. Ngisho noma omama belandela zonke izinkombandlela zokukhulelwa ngokuphelele bangaba nezingane ezinalesi simo. Kuyinto ehlukile yokuthuthukiswa eyenzeka cishe ku-1 ku-4,000 zokuzalwa.

Q4: Ngesikhathi esingakanani ngemuva kokuzalwa ingane yami idinga ukuhlinzwa?

Isikhathi siyancika esimweni esithile sengane yakho kanye nezimpawu. Ezinye izingane zidinga ukuhlinzwa phakathi kwezinsuku ezimbalwa zokuqala noma emaviki okuqala okuphila, kuyilapho ezinye zingase zibe zinzile ngokwanele ukulinda isikhashana. Iqembu lenhliziyo yengane yakho lizolandela ingane yakho ngokucophelela futhi liconsise isikhathi esifanele sokuhlinzwa ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zabo kanye nempilo yabo ngokujwayelekile.

Q5: Ziyini amathuba okuba nezingane zesikhathi esizayo ezinalezinkinga zenhliziyo?

Uma unezingane ezine ukuhlanganiswa kwezitho ezikhulu zomzimba, amathuba okuba nengane enye enanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwenkinga yenhliziyo aphezulu kancane kunokulinganiselwe, kodwa asancane kakhulu cishe ku-2-3%. Imindeni eminingi iyaqhubeka ibe nezingane ezengeziwe ezinempilo enhliziyo ngokuphelele. Udokotela wakho angaxoxa ngokuncoma kwezofuzo uma ufuna ulwazi oluqondile ngengozi yokukhulelwa kwesikhathi esizayo.