Myelitis Yeqolo

I-Transverse myelitis iwukuvuvukala kokubili izinhlangothi zesigaba esisodwa somgogodla. Lesi sifo sengqondo sivame ukulimaza izinto ezivikela imicu yezinzwa (myelin). I-Transverse myelitis iphazamisa imiyalezo ethunyelwa yimicu yezinzwa zomgogodla emzimbeni wonke. Lokhu kungabangela ubuhlungu, ubuthakathaka bemisipha, ukuqina, izinkinga zezinzwa, noma ukungasebenzi kahle kwesisu namanxeba. Ziningi izimbangela ze-transverse myelitis, kufaka phakathi ukutheleleka kanye nezifo zesimiso sokuvikela umzimba ezihlasela izicubu zomzimba. Kungabangelwa ezinye izifo ze-myelin, njenge-multiple sclerosis. Ezinye izimo, njengokuqina komgogodla, zivame ukudideka ne-transverse myelitis, futhi lezi zimo zidinga izindlela zokwelapha ezahlukene. Ukwelashwa kwe-transverse myelitis kuhlanganisa imithi kanye nokwelashwa kokuvuselela. Abantu abaningi abane-transverse myelitis bayaphila kabusha okungenani ngokwengxenye. Labo abanezehlakalo ezinzima ngezinye izikhathi basala benezikhungo ezinkulu.

Izimpawu nezimpawu ze-transverse myelitis zivame ukuqala phakathi kwamahora ambalwa kuya ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, futhi ngezinye izikhathi zingase ziqhubeke kancane kancane izinsuku eziningi.

I-Transverse myelitis ivame ukuphazamisa kokubili izinhlangothi zomzimba ngaphansi kwendawo ethintekile yomgogodla, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kuba khona izimpawu ngakwesinye uhlangothi lomzimba kuphela.

Izimpawu nezimpawu ezivamile zihlanganisa:

• Ubuhlungu. Ubuhlungu be-transverse myelitis bungase buqale ngokuzumayo emhlane wakho ophansi. Ubuhlungu obukhulu bungase buwele ezinyaweni zakho noma ezingalweni zakho noma eduze kwesifuba sakho noma esiswini. Izimpawu zokubuhlungu ziyahlukahluka kuye ngengxenye yomgogodla wakho ethintekile.
• Ukuzwela okungavamile. Abanye abantu abane-transverse myelitis babika ukuzwela okungavamile, njengokungathinti, ukukhahlela, ukubanda noma ukushisa. Abanye bayazwela kakhulu ekusondeleni okukhanyayo kwempahla noma ekushiseni noma ekuqandeni okukhulu. Ungase uzwe sengathi kukhona okugoqa ngokuqinile isikhumba sesifuba sakho, isisu noma imilenze.
• Ubuthakathaka ezingalweni zakho noma ezinyaweni. Abanye abantu baphawula ubukhulu ezinyaweni, noma ukuthi bayakhubeka noma bayidonsela inyawo elilodwa. Abanye bangase bathuthukise ubuthakathaka obukhulu noma ukungakwazi ukunyakaza ngokuphelele.
• Izinkinga zesibofu namanoni. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukudinga ukuya emathisini njalo, ukungakwazi ukuzithiba, ubunzima bokuya emathisini nokweluleka.

Shaya udokotela wakho noma uthole ukunakekelwa okuphaphandwe kwezokwelapha uma ubhekene nezimpawu ze-transverse myelitis. Izifo eziningi zezinzwa zingabangela izinkinga zezinzwa, ubuthakathaka, kanye nokusebenzi kahle kwesisu noma kwesisu okuhlanganisa ukucindezelwa komgogodla, okuyisimo esiphuthumayo sokuhlinzwa.

Esinye isizathu esingekho luqilile ukushaywa komgogodla ngenxa yokungasebenzi kahle kwegazi. Lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa yokuvimba kwe-gezi elihambisa igazi emgogodleni, okungenzeka ngokuhlinzwa kwe-aorta noma ukwanda kokugandeka kwegazi. Kubalulekile ukuthola ukuxilongwa okusheshayo nokuphathwa okufanele.

Isizathu esiqinisekile sokuthi kungani kwenzeka i-transverse myelitis aziwa. Ngezinye izikhathi ayikho isizathu esaziwayo.

Ukutheleleka okuvela kuma-virus, amabhaktheriya kanye nama-fungi okuthinta i-spinal cord kungabangela i-transverse myelitis. Ezimweni eziningi, lesi sifo sokuvuvukala sivela ngemva kokululama ekuthelelekeni.

Ama-virus ahambisana ne-transverse myelitis yiwo:

• Ama-herpes viruses, kuhlanganise nalowo obangela i-shingles ne-chickenpox (zoster)
• I-cytomegalovirus
• I-Epstein-Barr
• I-HIV
• Ama-Enteroviruses anjenge-poliovirus ne-coxsackievirus
• I-West Nile
• I-Echovirus
• I-Zika
• I-Influenza
• I-Hepatitis B
• I-Mumps, i-measles ne-rubella

Amanye ama-virus angaqalisa ukusebenza kabusha kwe-autoimmune ngaphandle kokutheleleka ngqo kwe-spinal cord.

Ukutheleleka kwamabhaktheriya okuhambisana ne-transverse myelitis kuhlanganisa:

• I-Lyme disease
• I-Syphilis
• I-Tuberculosis
• I-Actinomyces
• I-Pertussis
• I-Tetanus
• I-Diphtheria

Ukutheleleka kwesikhumba kwamabhaktheriya, i-gastroenteritis kanye nezinye izinhlobo ze-bacterial pneumonia nawo angabangela i-transverse myelitis.

Ngokungavamile, ama-parasite kanye nokutheleleka kwama-fungi kungatheleleka i-spinal cord.

Kunezimo eziningi zokuvuvukala ezibonakala zibangela lesi sifo:

• I-Multiple sclerosis yisifo lapho i-immune system ibhubhisa khona i-myelin ezungezile izinsimbi e-spinal cord nasebuchosheni. I-Transverse myelitis ingaba yisibonakaliso sokuqala se-multiple sclerosis noma imele ukubuyela emuva. I-Transverse myelitis njengesibonakaliso se-multiple sclerosis ngokuvamile ibangela izimpawu kuphela ngakwesinye uhlangothi lomzimba wakho.
• I-Neuromyelitis optica (I-Devic's disease) yisimo esibangela ukuvuvukala nokulahleka kwe-myelin ezungezile i-spinal cord kanye nensimbi emehlweni akho edlulisela ulwazi ebuchosheni bakho. I-Transverse myelitis ehambisana ne-neuromyelitis optica ngokuvamile ithonya womabili uhlangothi bomzimba.

Ngaphezu kwe-transverse myelitis, ungaba nezimpawu zomonakalo we-myelin we-optic nerve, kuhlanganise nobuhlungu emehlweni ngokunyakaza nokulahleka kwesikhashana kobona. Lokhu kungenzeka ngokwahlukana noma ngokwahlukana nezimpawu ze-transverse myelitis. Noma kunjalo, abanye abantu abane-neuromyelitis optica abanawo ubunzima obuhlobene namehlo futhi bangaba nezimo eziphindaphindayo ze-transverse myelitis kuphela.

• Izifo ze-autoimmune cishe zinikezela nge-transverse myelitis kwabanye abantu. Lezi zifo zihlanganisa i-lupus, engathinta izinhlelo eziningi zomzimba, ne-Sjogren's syndrome, ebangela ukombile okukhulu komlomo namehlo.

I-Transverse myelitis ehambisana nesifo se-autoimmune ingaba yisibonakaliso sesixwayiso se-neuromyelitis optica. I-Neuromyelitis optica ivela ngokukhulu kubantu abanezifo ze-autoimmune.

• Ukugonywa kwezifo ezithathelwanayo ngezinye izikhathi kuye kwahambisana njengokuthi kungenzeka kube yisizathu. Noma kunjalo, ngalesi sikhathi ubuhlobo abunamandla ngokwanele ukwenza kube yingqondo ukulinganisela noma yiluphi uhlobo lokugonywa.
• I-Sarcoidosis yisimo esibangela ukuvuvukala ezindaweni eziningi zomzimba, kuhlanganise ne-spinal cord ne-optic nerve. Ingalingana ne-neuromyelitis optica, kodwa ngokuvamile izimpawu ze-sarcoidosis zithuthuka kancane. Isizathu se-sarcoidosis asiqondakali.

Abantu abane-transverse myelitis ngokuvamile baye babe nokulimala okukodwa kuphela. Noma kunjalo, izinkinga zivame ukuhlala isikhathi eside, okuhlanganisa okulandelayo:

• Ubuhlungu, omunye wemiphumela emibi eqinile yalesi sifo isikhathi eside.
• Ukuqina, ukubopha noma ukubamba okubuhlungu emithanjeni yakho (ukubamba kwemisipha). Lokhu kuvame kakhulu emathangeni nasemiileni.
• Ukuqina noma ukuqina okuphelele kwezandla, imilenze noma kokubili. Lokhu kungase kuqhubeke ngemva kokubonakala kokuzalwa kokuqala.
• Ukusebenza okungalungile kocansi, okuyinkinga evamile ye-transverse myelitis. Amadoda angase abe nobunzima bokuthola ukuqina noma ukufinyelela ekuhlangenwe nakho okujabulisayo. Abafazi bangase babe nobunzima bokuthola ukuhlangenwe nakho okujabulisayo.
• Usizi noma ukukhathazeka, okuvamile kulabo abanezinhlungu zesikhathi eside ngenxa yemikhawulo ebalulekile endleleni yokuphila, ukucindezeleka kobuhlungu obuhlala njalo noma ukukhubazeka, kanye nethonya lokusebenza okungalungile kocansi ebuhlotsheni.

Udokotela uzokunikeza ukuxilongwa kwe-transverse myelitis ngokusekelwe ekuphenduleni kwakho imibuzo mayelana nezimpawu zakho, umlando wakho wezokwelapha, ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha kokusebenza kwama-nerve, kanye nemiphumela yokuhlolwa.

Lezi zivivinyo, ezingabonisa ukuvuvukala komgogodla futhi zikhiphe ezinye izifo, zihlanganisa okulandelayo:

Ukugaya i-lumbar (ukugaya umgogodla) kusebenzisa inhlanzi ukuze kukhishwe inani elincane le-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), i-fluid evikela umgogodla wakho nobuchopho.

Kubantu abanye abane-transverse myelitis, i-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) ingaba nenani eliphezulu kakhulu lama-white blood cells noma amaprotheni esistimu yokuvimba okuveza ukuvuvukala. I-spinal fluid ingahlolwa futhi ngezifo ezibangelwa yi-viral noma ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza.

Izivivinyo zegazi zingafaka ukuhlolwa okuhlola ama-antibodies ahlobene ne-neuromyelitis optica, isimo lapho ukuvuvukala kwenzeka kokubili emgogodleni wakho nase-nerve eliso lakho. Abantu abane-positive antibody test baphazanyiswa kakhulu yi-multiple attacks ye-transverse myelitis futhi badinga ukwelashwa ukuvimbela ukuhlaselwa kwesikhathi esizayo.

Ezinye izivivinyo zegazi zingabonisa ukutheleleka okungase kube nomthelela ku-transverse myelitis, noma zikhiphe ezinye izimbangela zezimpawu.

• Ukuthwebula kwe-Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) kusebenzisa insimu yama-magnetic namaza e-radio ukwenza izithombe ze-3D ze-soft tissues. I-Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) ingabonisa ukuvuvukala komgogodla nezinye izimbangela ezingaba khona zezimpawu, kufaka phakathi ukungapheleli okuthinta umgogodla noma imithambo yegazi.

• Ukugaya i-lumbar (ukugaya umgogodla) kusebenzisa inhlanzi ukuze kukhishwe inani elincane le-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), i-fluid evikela umgogodla wakho nobuchopho.

  Kubantu abanye abane-transverse myelitis, i-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) ingaba nenani eliphezulu kakhulu lama-white blood cells noma amaprotheni esistimu yokuvimba okuveza ukuvuvukala. I-spinal fluid ingahlolwa futhi ngezifo ezibangelwa yi-viral noma ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza.

• Izivivinyo zegazi zingafaka ukuhlolwa okuhlola ama-antibodies ahlobene ne-neuromyelitis optica, isimo lapho ukuvuvukala kwenzeka kokubili emgogodleni wakho nase-nerve eliso lakho. Abantu abane-positive antibody test baphazanyiswa kakhulu yi-multiple attacks ye-transverse myelitis futhi badinga ukwelashwa ukuvimbela ukuhlaselwa kwesikhathi esizayo.

  Ezinye izivivinyo zegazi zingabonisa ukutheleleka okungase kube nomthelela ku-transverse myelitis, noma zikhiphe ezinye izimbangela zezimpawu.