Uthini Ukuhlanza Kwezithende Zabahambi? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, & Ukwelashwa

Ukuhlanza kwezithende zabahambi yizithende eziphumula, ezinamanzi ezivela uma uvakashela ezindaweni ezinabhaktheriya, amavirus, noma izinambuzane ezihlukile kunalokho umzimba wakho owujwayele. Yiyona nto evame kakhulu ebangela ukugula kwabahambi, ithinta abantu abafika ku-40% abahamba bayo ezindaweni ezithile.

Cabanga ngakho njengesistimu yakho yokugaya ukudla ehlangana nomakhelwane abasha abancane abangaziwa. Amalunga akho, ahlanganiswe nezifo ezinkulu endaweni yakho yasekhaya, ngokuhlangana nezinambuzane ezingaziwa ezingaphambanisa ukulingana kwazo okuvamile. Nakuba kungathandeki futhi kungabi luhle, izincazelo eziningi ziyamila futhi ziyaphela ngokwazo ezinsukwini ezimbalwa.

Zithini izimpawu zokuhlanza kwezithende zabahambi?

Isimpawu esiyinhloko ukuhlanza izikhathi ezintathu noma ngaphezulu, izithende ezinamanzi phakathi namahora angu-24 ngesikhathi sokuhamba noma ngokushesha nje uma ubuyile ekhaya. Abantu abaningi baphawula izimpawu eziqala ngesonto lokuqala lohambo lwabo, ngokuvamile ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala.

Ngaphezu kwezithende ezivame ukuphuma, ungase uhlangabezane nezinye izimpawu ezingathandeki ezingenza uhambo lwakho lube mnandi kakhulu:

• Ubuhlungu besisu nobuhlungu besisu obuza ngamaza
• Ukuphefumula okungase kukwenze uzizwe ungakhululekile, ikakhulukazi eduze kokudla
• Ukukhukhumela negazi elingenza isisu sakho sizizwe sigcwele ngokungakhululeki
• Isidingo esiphuthumayo sokuya esigodini, ngezinye izikhathi ngaphandle kokuxwayisa
• Ukuqabuka okuncane, ngokuvamile ngaphansi kuka-102°F (38.9°C)
• Ukukhathala okuvamile nokungahambi kahle
• Ukulahlekelwa ukudla, ngisho nokudla okuthandayo

Ezimweni ezithile, ungase ubone ukhukhu ezithendeni zakho, okungase kubukeke njengezintambo ezicacile noma ezimhlophe. Lokhu kwenzeka uma ukugqoka kwama-intestines akho kuqabuka futhi kukhiqize ukhukhu oluvikelayo olwengeziwe.

Izimpawu eziningi ziyamila kakhulu noma ziyaphakathi futhi azidingi ukunakekelwa okuphaphandwe. Noma kunjalo, kunezibonakaliso ezixwayisayo ezidinga ukunakekelwa ngokushesha kwezokwelapha, esizoxoxa ngazo engxenyeni ethi "inikezele nini udokotela".

Ziyini izinhlobo zokuphefumula kwezivakashi?

Ukuphefumula kwezivakashi kuvame ukwahlukaniswa ngokuthi izimpawu zakho zinzima kangakanani nokuthi yini eziyibangela. Ukuqonda le miqondo kungakusiza ukwazi ukuthi yini okulindeleke nokuthi nini kufanele ufuna usizo.

Ukuphefumula okumncane kwezivakashi kuhilela ukuba nezimfihlo ezihlafunwayo kodwa usengenza imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke. Ungaba nokuhamba kwamathumbu okuhlafunwayo okungu-1-3 ngosuku ngokuncipha okuncane. Lolu hlobo luhlala luqeda ngokushesha futhi alulimazi kakhulu izinhlelo zakho zokuhamba.

Ukuphefumula okuphakathi kwezivakashi kusho ukuthi izimpawu zakho ziyinkinga kakhulu futhi zikhawulela ezinye zezinto zakho. Ngokuvamile uzobe unokuhamba kwamathumbu okuhlafunwayo okungu-4-5 nsuku zonke, kanye nokuqina, isicanucanu, noma ubushushu obuncane. Usengasebenza, kodwa cishe uzofuna ukuhlala eduze nezikhulu zokuya esigodini.

Ukuphefumula okukhulu kwezivakashi kuwuphazamisa kakhulu imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke futhi kungakubopha ekamelweni lakho. Lokhu kuhilela ukuhamba kwamathumbu amanzi angu-6 noma ngaphezulu ngosuku, okuhambisana nobushushu, ukuqina okukhulu, ukugabha, noma izimpawu zokulahlekelwa amanzi. Lolu hlobo ludinga ukwelashwa okunamandla kakhulu futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha.

Kukhona futhi ukuphefumula okuqhubekayo kwezivakashi, okuhlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinsuku ezingama-14. Nakuba kungavamile, lolu hlobo lungabonisa ukutheleleka kwe-parasite noma enye isimo esisekelwe esidinga ukwelashwa okuthile kusuka kunikezeli wezempilo.

Yini ebangela ukuphefumula kwezivakashi?

Ukuphefumula kwezivakashi kwenzeka lapho udle ukudla noma amanzi angcolile ngamabhaktheriya, ama-virus, noma ama-parasite asendleleni yakho yokugaya ukudla angakaqali. I-gut microbiome yakho, ehambisana kahle nendawo yakho yasekhaya, ngokuzumayo ibhekene namagciwane angaqondakali angaphazamisa ukugaya okujwayelekile.

Izimbangela ezivame kakhulu yibhaktheriya, ebangela cishe ama-80-85% wazo zonke izimo. Nazi izimbangela eziyinhloko zebhaktheriya ongahlangana nazo:

• I-Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), imbangela evame kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele
• Uhlobo lweCampylobacter, oluvamile emazweni amaningi asathuthuka
• ISalmonella, olutholakala kaningi enkukwini, amaqanda, noma ubisi oluyingcolile
• IShigella, esakazeka ngamanzi angcolile noma ukuhlanzeka okubi
• Uhlobo lweVibrio, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zasemgodini olunezinhlanzi

Amavirus abangela cishe ama-10-15% wezimo futhi avame ukubangela izimpawu ezimpunga isikhathi esifushane. I-Norovirus yiyona imbangela evame kakhulu ye-viral, ikakhulukazi emikhunjini yokuhamba ngolwandle noma ezindaweni ezikhulu. I-Rotavirus ingabangela futhi isifo sohambo, nakuba ivame kakhulu kubantwana.

Izinambuzane ziyimbangela cishe yama-5-10% wezimo kodwa zivame ukubangela izimpawu ezihlala isikhathi eside. I-Giardia lamblia yiyona imbangela evame kakhulu yezinambuzane, ilandelwa yi-Cryptosporidium ne-Entamoeba histolytica. Lezi zidalwa ezincane kakhulu zingaphila emanzini ngisho noma eziphathwe nge-chlorine.

Kwezinye izimo, isifo sohambo asibangelwa ukutheleleka nhlobo. Ukushintsha kokudla, isimiso sokudla, ukucindezeleka kohambo, ukushintsha kwezinga lokuphakama, noma ngisho namazinga ahlukene ezinongo zingangqubuzana nesisu sakho. Umuthi wakho ungase nje udinga isikhathi sokujwayela ukudla okusha nezindawo ezintsha.

Nini kufanele ubheke udokotela ngesifo sohambo?

Izimo eziningi zesifo sohambo ziyamnene futhi ziyaphela zodwa phakathi kwezinsuku eziyi-3-5 ngaphandle kokudinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha. Noma kunjalo, izimpawu ezithile zibonisa ukuthi kufanele ufunuke ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha, noma endaweni noma ngokuxhumana nodokotela wakho ekhaya.

Kufanele ubheke udokotela ngokushesha uma uhlangana nanoma yiziphi lezi zibonakaliso zexwayiso:

• Ukuthuthumela okukhulu okwedlula ama-102°F (38.9°C) noma ukuthuthumela kanye nokuthandaza.
• Igazi emathunjini akho, elingase libonakale libomvu okukhanya noma limnyama futhi liyinkuni.
• Izimpawu zokulahlekelwa amanzi emzimbeni okukhulu njengokukhungatheka uma umi, umlomo owomile, noma ukuncipha kokungqongqoza.
• Ukugabha okuqhubekayo okukuvimbela ekuhlaliseni izintokozo.
• Ubuhlungu obukhulu besisu obuhlukile ekukhahleleni okuvamile.
• Izimpawu zokulahlekelwa amanzi emzimbeni okukhulu njengokudideka, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, noma ukuhlupheka.
• Izimpawu eziyanda esikhundleni sokuthuthuka ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-2-3.

Kufanele ucabangele nokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha uma isifo sakho sohudo siqhubeka ngaphezu kwezinsuku ezingu-5-7, ngisho noma izimpawu zibuthakathaka. Ukuqhubeka kohudo kungase kubonise ukutheleleka kwamaphaphu okudinga imithi ekhethekile ukuze kuhlanzwe ngokuphelele.

Uma usesifundeni esikude ongenalo ukufinyelela okulula ekunakekelweni kwezokwelapha, kuwukuhlakanipha ukufuna usizo ngokushesha kunokuba ulinde. Abagibeli abaningi bathola usizo ekuphenyeni izikhungo zezokwelapha ezinqenqemeni zabo ngaphambi kokuba bazidinga.

Unganqikazi ukufuna ukunakekelwa uma unezimo zempilo ezingaphansi njengoshukela, isifo senhliziyo, noma isimiso somzimba esibuthakathaka. Lezi zimo zingenza izinkinga ezivela ohudweni lwabagibeli zibe mhlope futhi zibi kakhulu.

Iyini imikhakha yokusongela ohudweni lwabagibeli?

Ubungozi bakho bokuthuthukisa uhudo lwabagibeli buxhomeke ezintweni eziningi, lapho indawo oya kuyo iyona ebaluleke kakhulu. Ezinye izindawo zinezilinganiso eziphakeme kakhulu zohudo lwabagibeli kunabanye ngenxa yezingxabano ekuhlanzeni, ukwelashwa kwamanzi, kanye nemikhuba yokuphepha kokudla.

Izindawo ezingozi eziphakeme zihlanganisa izingxenye eziningi zaseLatin America, i-Afrika, eMpumalanga Ephakathi, ne-Asia. Kulezi zindawo, abagibeli abangama-40-60% bangase bahlupheke ngohudo. Izindawo ezingozi eziphakathi zihlanganisa eMpumalanga Yurophu, eNingizimu Afrika, nezinye iziqhingi zaseCaribbean, lapho abagibeli abangama-10-20% bathinteka khona.

Ubudala bakho nempilo yakho jikelele futhi kuthonya ingozi yakho. Abantu abadala abasebasha abaneminyaka engama-20-29 banesilinganiso esiphezulu sokukhuluphala kwabahambi, mhlawumbe ngoba banesilinganiso esiphezulu sokudla ukudla kwemigwaqo, ukuhlala ezindaweni zokuhlala eziphansi, noma ukuthatha amathuba ngokudla namanzi. Izingane nabantu abadala bakhulu banengozi enkulu yokuphazamiseka uma begula.

Izimo ezithile zezempilo zingandisa ukulimala kwakho:

• I-Diabetes, engathinta ikhono lesistimu yakho yokulwa nezifo zokulwa nezifo
• Isifo sokuvuvukala sesisu njenge-Crohn's disease noma i-ulcerative colitis
• Izifo zesimiso sokuvikela umzimba noma imithi ecindezela ukhuseleko lomzimba
• Ukuhlinzwa kwesisu esidlule okungenzeka ukuthi kushintshe umgudu wakho wokugaya ukudla
• Amazinga aphansi acid esiswini, ngokuvamile kusuka emithi evikela i-acid

Isitayela sakho sokuhamba nokuziphatha kwakho kuthonya kakhulu ingozi yakho. Ukuhlala ezindaweni zokuhlala eziphezulu ezinemigomo eqinile yokuphepha kokudla kunengozi ephansi kakhulu kunokuhamba ngezinyawo nokudla ukudla kwemigwaqo. Abahambi abathanda ukuzijabulisa, abazinikele, nabantu abenza ibhizinisi abadla ezindaweni zokudlela zasekhaya babhekene nokuvezwa okukhulu kokudla namanzi angcolile.

Isikhathi sonyaka ohamba ngaso futhi singabaluleka. Izizini zokunisela emazweni amaningi ashisayo zanda ingozi yokungcola, kuyilapho isimo sezulu esishisayo singabangela ukukhula okusheshayo kwezibhaktheriya ekudleni okugcinwe kakubi.

Ziyini izinkinga ezingaba khona zokukhuluphala kwabahambi?

Nakuba okuningi kokukhuluphala kwabahambi kuphela ngaphandle kwezinkinga ezihlala njalo, kungaqala ukuphazamiseka, ikakhulukazi uma isimo sikubi noma awukwazi ukusikhipha kahle. Ukuqonda lezi zinkinga ezingaba khona kungakusiza ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi nini kufanele ufunesekudla ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha bese uthatha izinyathelo zokuvimbela izinkinga.

Ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni yiyona nto evamile futhi engaba yingozi kakhulu. Uma ulahlekelwa amanzi amaningi ngokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni nokugabha, umzimba wakho ungaphelelwa ngokushesha amanzi naminerali ebalulekile ebizwa ngokuthi ama-electrolytes. Ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni okulinganiselwe kungabangela ukukhathala nobuhlungu bekhanda, kuyilapho ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni okukhulu kungabangela ukukhungatheka, ukudideka, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, ngisho nezingqinamba zezinso.

Abanye abantu bathuthukisa izinkinga ezivela ngemva kokutheleleka ezingaqhubeka amasonto noma izinyanga ngemva kokuba isifo sokuqala siphelile:

• I-Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) evela ngemva kokutheleleka, ebangela izimpawu zokugaya ukudla eziqhubekayo
• Ukungabekezeleli i-lactose okuvela ngemva kokulimaza kwamathumbu okuvela ngokutheleleka
• I-Reactive arthritis, ubuhlungu nokuvuvukala kwamajozi okuthinta amadolo, izingalo, noma amanye amajozi
• I-Guillain-Barré syndrome, isimo esingavamile sezinzwa esingabangela ubuthakathaka nokuqina

Ezimweni ezingavamile, ezinye izifo ezibangelwa yibhaktheriya zingasakazeka ngaphezu kwamathumbu. I-Salmonella ingangena egazini ibe yimbangela ye-bacteremia, kuyilapho ezinye izinhlobo ze-E. coli zingabangela i-hemolytic uremic syndrome, isimo esibuhlungu esithinta izinso nokugqwala kwegazi.

Ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni okuqhubekayo okungaphezu kwamasonto amabili kungabonisa ukutheleleka okubangelwa yi-parasite njenge-giardia noma i-cryptosporidium. Lezi zinto eziphilayo zingaba nzima ukuzisusa futhi zingadinga imithi ekhethekile ehlose ama-parasite kunokuba yibhaktheriya.

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi izinkinga ezinzima azivamile, ikakhulukazi uma uhlala unamanzi futhi ufuna ukunakekelwa okufanele uma kudingeka. Abantu abaningi bayaphila ngokuphelele ngaphakathi nesonto ngaphandle kwemiphumela ehlala njalo.

Kungenzeka kanjani ukuvimbela ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni lwabagibeli?

Unganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni lwabagibeli ngokuqapha lokho okukudlayo nokukuphayona. Umbono oyinhloko ukugwema noma yini engaba ne-bhaktheriya, ama-virus, noma ama-parasite abangela ubuhlungu.

Ukuphepha kwamanzi kubalulekile ngoba amanzi angcolile yisithombo esikhulu sokuqabuleka. Namathela emanzini abotshwe ezikhwameni ezivaliwe, bese uwasebenzisela ukuphuza, ukugeza amazinyo, nokuhlanza umlomo. Uma amanzi abotshwe engekho, bila amanzi eziphahla okungenani imizuzu eyodwa noma usebenzise amathebulethi okuhlanza amanzi noma amafuthi aphathekayo aklanywe ukususa izifo.

Qaphela amaqanda eqanda, ahlala enziwa ngamanzi eziphahla. Gwema futhi izithelo ezinamanzi eqanda ngaphandle uma uqiniseka ngomthombo wamanzi. Izithelo ezishisayo njengokofi neti zivame ukuphepha ngoba ukushisa okuphezulu kubulala amagerm amaningi.

Ukukhetha ukudla kwenza umehluko omkhulu ezingeni lakho lokungaqabuleki. Nazi ezinye izinkombandlela ezingakusiza ukuba uhlale uphephile:

• Khetha ukudla okuphekwe okushisa futhi okubila, njengoba ukushisa kubulala izinto eziphilayo eziningi eziyingozi
• Dla ezindaweni zokudlela ezimatasa ezinethrafikhi enkulu, lapho ukudla kungenzeka kube lula
• Gwema inyama eluhlaza noma engaphekwe kahle, ihlathi, kanye nezinhlanzi
• Gwema imifino eluhlaza nemithi ongayikwazi ukuyihlambulula
• Qaphela imikhiqizo yobisi, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezingenayo ukugcinwa kwesikhathi eside okuthembekile
• Gwema ukudla kwabathengisi bendlini ngaphandle uma kuphekwe entsha phambi kwakho

Ukuhlanza izandla kubalulekile ekuvimbeni ukuqabuleka. Geza izandla zakho njalo ngesepha namanzi acocekile, ikakhulukazi ngaphambi kokudla nangemva kokusebenzisa igumbi lokugezela. Uma isepha namanzi engekho, sebenzisa i-hand sanitizer esekelwe e-alchoholi enenani elingaphezulu kuka-60% le-alchoholi.

Abanye abahambi bacinga ukuthatha ama-antibiotics okuvimbela, kodwa le ndlela inezinzuzo nezingozi. Ama-antibiotics anganciphisa ingozi yakho kodwa angabangela nemiphumela emibi futhi ahlanganyele ekulweni nama-antibiotics. Xoxa ngale ndlela nodokotela wakho uma uhamba endaweni engozi enkulu noma unezimo zempilo ezenza kube lula ukuba kube khona izinkinga.

Iphendulwa kanjani isifo sohudo lwabahambi?

Isifo sohudo olutholakala ehambahambeni sivame ukutholakala ngokusekelwe ezimpahleni zakho kanye nomlando wakho wokuhamba kunokuhlolwa okuningi. Uma uthola ukuhlanza, amanzi amanzi ngesikhathi uhamba noma ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemuva kokubuyela ekhaya, futhi ube endaweni lapho isifo sohudo olutholakala ehambahambeni sivame khona, ukuxilongwa kuvame ukuba kulula.

Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzobabuza ngezimpahlani zakho, kufaka phakathi ukuthi ungaki ukuhlanza okukhulu okukuye, ukuthi unefivha noma igazi emathunjini akho, nokuthi ukugula kuchaphazela kanjani imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke. Bazofuna futhi ukwazi ukuthi uhamba kuphi, lokho okudlile nokuphuzile, nokuthi izimpahlani zakho zaqala nini.

Ezimweni eziningi ezinokulinganisela, akukho ukuhlolwa okudingekayo ngoba isimo sivame ukuqeda ngokwalo ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Ukuhlolwa kuba kubaluleke kakhulu uma unezimpahlani ezinkulu, igazi emathunjini akho, ukushisa okuphezulu, noma izimpahlani eziqhubeka ngaphezu kweviki.

Uma ukuhlolwa kudingeka, udokotela wakho angase akukhuthaze:

• Ukuhlaziywa kwesampula yamathambo ukuze kutholakale amabhaktheriya athile, amavirus, noma izinambuzane
• Ukukhula kwamathambo ukuze kukhule futhi kutholakale izimbangela zamabhaktheriya
• Ukuhlolwa kwezinambuzane, ikakhulukazi uma izimpahlani ziqhubeka ngaphezu kwamasonto amabili
• Izivivinyo zegazi uma kunesibonakaliso sokuphulukela amanzi noma ukutheleleka kwesistimu

Izivivinyo zokuxilonga ezisheshayo ziyaqala ukuba khona futhi zingakwazi ukuthola izimbangela ezivamile njengonorovirus noma amabhaktheriya athile ngamahora kunokuba kube izinsuku. Lezi zivivinyo zingasiza kakhulu uma udinga ukwelashwa okuthile noma uma usesifundeni lapho ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-antibiotic kuyinkinga.

Khumbula ukuthi ngisho nokuhlolwa, imbangela ethile ayitholakali njalo. Izimo eziningi ziyaphela ngaphambi kokuba imiphumela yokuhlolwa itholakale, futhi ukwelashwa kuvame ukugxila ekuphatheni izimpahlani nokunciphisa ubungozi kunokuhlose izilwanyana ezincinyane ezithile.

Iyini ukwelashwa kwesifo sohudo olutholakala ehambahambeni?

Ukwelapha isifo sohudo lwabagibeli kugxile ekuphatheni izimpawu, ukuvimbela ukuphelelwa amanzi, nokusiza uzizwe kangcono ngesikhathi umzimba wakho ulwa nokutheleleka. Imikhakha eminingi ilula futhi iphela yodwa phakathi kwezinsuku eziyi-3-5 ngokunakekelwa okusekayo.

Ukugcina umzimba uthambile yingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yokwelapha. Ulahlekelwa amanzi amaningi kanye nama-electrolytes ngohudo, ngakho ukubuyisela lezi zinto kuwukubaluleka. Izixazululo zokuvuselela amanzi ngomlomo (ORS) ziyizona ezifanele ngoba zinezilinganiso ezifanele zesinaphi neshukela ukusiza umzimba wakho ukuba uthathe amanzi kahle.

Ungathola ama-ORS packets ezitolo zezidakamizwa emhlabeni wonke, noma ungenza inguqulo elula ngokuxuba ithisipuni elilodwa lesinaphi namacephe amabili eshukela ku-1 litre yamanzi acocekile. Iziphuzo zezemidlalo zingasebenza ngokushesha, yize zingalingani kahle njengezixazululo ze-ORS ezifanele.

Ukushintsha ukudla kungasiza ekunciphiseni izimpawu nokwenza uzizwe ukhululekile:

• Qala ngokudla okulula, okulula ukulugaya njengorayisi, amabhanana, i-toast, noma amakhekhe
• Gwema imikhiqizo yobisi okwesikhashana, njengoba ukutheleleka kungabangela ukungabi namandla okukhipha i-lactose okwesikhashana
• Gwema ukudla okunemafutha amaningi, okunoshukela, noma okunefayibha eningi okungathukuthelisa isisu sakho
• Dla ukudla okuncane, okuvamile kunokudla okukhulu
• Qhubeka nokudla uma ungakwazi ukubekezelela ukudla, njengoba ukudla kusiza ekuphileni kabusha

Imithi yokuthengwa ngaphandle kwesikripthi inganika ukukhululeka kwezimpawu eziningi. I-Loperamide (Imodium) inganciphisa ubukhulu bezinyo bese iphephile ngokuvamile ekuhudo lwabagibeli olukhulu olukhulu. Noma kunjalo, kuyagwema uma une-fever noma igazi emathunjini akho, njengoba kungagcina amabhaktheriya abulalayo emzimbeni wakho.

I-Bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol) ingasiza ngokuphazamiseka kwesisu, ukuphazamiseka kwesisu, nohudo olukhulu. Kungaba nemiphumela ethile yokulwa namabhaktheriya, yize lokhu kungeyona indlela yayo ephambili yokusebenza.

Ama-antibiotics athiwa ngezinye izikhathi kubantu abanesifo esiphakathi nendawo noma esinzima, ikakhulukazi uma une-fever, igazi emathunjini, noma izimpawu ezinzima eziphazamisa izinhlelo zakho zokuhamba. Ama-antibiotics avamile afaka i-azithromycin, i-ciprofloxacin, noma i-rifaximin, kuye ngendawo oya kuyo kanye nezimo zokumelana bendawo.

Indlela yokwelapha ekhaya ngesikhathi sesifo sohambo?

Ukulawula isifo sohambo ekhaya noma lapho uhlala khona kudinga ukuhlanganiswa kokupumula, ukunisela okuhle, nokunakekelwa okuhle kwezimpawu zakho. Umgomo ukusekela inqubo yokwelapha yemvelo yomzimba wakho ngenkathi uhlala ukhululekile futhi ugweme izinhlungu.

Gxila ekufakeni amanzi njengento yakho yokuqala. Phuza amanzi acacile usuku lonke, uqonde amanani amancane, njalo kunokuba amanani amakhulu angase abangele ukuphefumula. Izinto ezinhle zifaka izixazululo zokunisela ngomlomo, ama-broths acacile, itiye lezimila, namanzi ahlanzekile. Gwema utshwala, i-caffeine, neziphuzo ezino-sugar, ezingenza kube kubi ukuphelelwa amanzi.

Ukuphumula kubalulekile ekuphileni, ngakho ungazizwa unecala ngokuphumula. Umuthi wakho usebenza kanzima ukulwa nokutheleleka, futhi ukuzicinza kakhulu kungandisa izimpawu. Hlala eduze nezikhulu zokuya esigodini futhi cabanga ukuhlenga izinhlelo zakho zokuhamba ukuze uvumele isikhathi sokuphulukisa.

Qapha izimpawu zakho ngokucophelela ukuze wazi ukuthi uthuthuka yini noma udinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha. Gcina umbhalo wokuthi ungaki ama-stool olukhululekile onayo nsuku zonke, ubushushu bakho, nokuthi uzizwa kanjani ngokujwayelekile. Abantu abaningi baqala ukuzizwa bekhulu ngaphakathi kwamahora angu-48-72.

Nawa amanye amasu okunakekelwa ekhaya angakusiza uzizwe ukhululekile:

• Sebenzisa iphadi lokufudumeza noma i-compress efudumele esiswini sakho ukuqeda ukubamba.
• Gcoba amanzi afudumele ukuze ukhulule imisipha yesisu futhi unciphise ubuhlungu.
• Zama ukumomotheka ngobumnene esiswini ngezinhlangothi.
• Phakamisa izinyawo zakho uma ukhona ukuze usize ngokukhathazeka okuvela ekusweleni kwamanzi okuncane.
• Gcina idayari yezimpawu ukuze uqaphele intuthuko yakho futhi ubone noma yikuphi ukuguquka okukhathazayo.

Lungiselela ngezinto ezidingekayo ngaphambi kokuba uzidinga. Thatha ama-salts okuphulukisa amanzi, imithi eyisisekelo efana ne-loperamide, i-thermometer, ne-hand sanitizer. Ukuba nalezi zinto zitholakala kalula kungenza umehluko omkhulu ekuphumuleni kwakho nasekuphileni kwakho.

Unganqikazi ukushintsha izinhlelo zakho zokuhamba uma kudingeka. Kungcono ukuphumula futhi uphulukise kahle kunokuqhubeka futhi wenze izimpawu zibe zimbi noma ube nezinkinga.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani ukubona udokotela wakho?

Uma udinga ukubona udokotela ngenxa yokwelukama kwezithuthi, noma ngesikhathi sokuhamba noma ngemuva kokubuyela ekhaya, ukulungiselela kungakusiza uqiniseke ukuthi uthola ukunakekelwa okufanele. Ukulungiselela okuhle kusiza nodokotela wakho ukuba enze izinqumo ezichwepheshile mayelana nokuhlolwa nokuphathwa.

Gcina irekhodi lemininingwane yezimpawu zakho, kufaka phakathi ukuthi zaqala nini, ukuthi ungaki ama-stool olukhululekile owaba nawo nsuku zonke, nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezihambisana nazo njengoba khulu, isicanucanu, noma ubuhlungu besisu. Qaphela ukuthi ubone igazi noma i-mucus esitokisini sakho, njengoba lolu lwazi lubalulekile ekuxilongeni nasekwenzeni izinqumo zokwelapha.

Bhala umlando wakho wokuhamba ngokuningiliziwe. Udokotela wakho uzofuna ukwazi ukuthi uhambephi ngqo, uhlale isikhathi esingakanani, uhlobo lwendlu owayisebenzisa, nokuthi udlele futhi uphuze ini. Chaza ngokucacile noma yikuphi ukuvezwa okuyingozi, njengokudla okuvela emgwaqweni, amanzi e-tap, noma ukubhukuda ezihlahleni noma emifuleni.

Letha uhlu lwemithi oyivele wayizama, kuhlanganise nemithi yokwelapha ethengekayo ngaphandle kwelayisensi, ubhale ukuthi ikusize noma ikubangele imiphumela emibi. Bhala futhi noma iyiphi imithi yokwelapha oyithatha njengamanje, njengoba eminye imithi ingase ihlangane nezinye izindlela zokwelapha isifo sohudo lohambo.

Lungisa imibuzo ofuna ukuyibuza udokotela wakho:

• Ingabe ngidinga ukuhlolwa ukuze kutholakale imbangela eqondile?
• Ingabe kufanele ngithathe ama-antibiotics, futhi uma kunjalo, yiziphi ezingcono kakhulu esimweni sami?
• Kufanele ngilinde isikhathi esingakanani ngaphambi kokuba izimpawu ziphele?
• Yiziphi izimpawu ezixwayisayo okufanele zingenze ngifune ukunakekelwa okusheshayo?
• Nini lapho kuvikelekile ukuqala kabusha imisebenzi evamile nokudla?
• Ingabe ngidinga ukuvakashela udokotela kabusha?

Uma ubona udokotela ngesikhathi uhamba, cwaninga kusengaphambili ukuthola izindawo zokwelapha ezihloniphekile. Amahotele amaningi angakuncoma odokotela abakhuluma isiNgisi, futhi amakhampani we-inshorensi yohambo avame ukuba nezinombolo zokusiza ezisebenza amahora angama-24 ukuze akusize uthole ukunakekelwa okufanele.

Cabanga ukuthatha isampula yesisu uma udokotela wakho ecelile, ulandela imiyalo yakhe ethile yokuthatha nokugcina. Lokhu kungasheshisa inqubo yokuxilonga futhi kuqinisekise ukwelashwa okufanele.

Iyini into ebaluleke kakhulu mayelana nohudo lohambo?

Ukhudo lohambo yisimo esivamile kakhulu kodwa esiphatheka kalula esithinta izigidi zabahambi minyaka yonke. Nakuba kungathandeki futhi kungabi luhle, izimo eziningi ziyamila, ziyaphela zedwa ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, futhi azibangeli izinkinga zempilo ezihlala njalo.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ongayenza ukugxila ekunqobeni ngokukhetha ukudla namanzi ngokucophelela. Izinyathelo ezilula njengokusebenzisa amanzi abotshwe, ukudla ukudla okufudumele, okuphekwe kusanda kuphekwa, nokuhlanza izandla kahle kunganciphisa kakhulu amathuba okuhlupheka ngesikhathi uhamba.

Uma uqala ukubonisa izimpawu, khumbula ukuthi ukugcina umzimba uthambile kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Izigameko eziningi zingaphathwa kahle ngokuphumula, izixazululo zokuthambisa umlomo, kanye nokukhathalela okuyisisekelo. Ungavumeli ukwesaba isifo sohambo sikwenze ungakwazi ukuhlola izwe, kodwa hamba ngokuhlakanipha futhi ulungile.

Yazi ukuthi nini kufanele ufune usizo lochwepheshe wezokwelapha, ikakhulukazi uma uthola ubushushu bomzimba, igazi emathunjini akho, izimpawu zokulahlekelwa amanzi okukhulu, noma izimpawu ezingaphuli ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa. Ngokulungiselela kahle nokunakekela, unganciphisa umthelela wesifo sohambo sohambo ekuhambeni kwakho futhi ubuyele ekujabuleleni uhambo lwakho ngokushesha okukhulu.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana nesifo sohambo

Isikhathi esingakanani isifo sohambo sihlala isikhathi esingakanani?

Izigameko eziningi zesifo sohambo ziyaphela phakathi kwezinsuku ezingu-3-5 ngaphandle kokwelashwa. Cishe u-90% wezigameko ziyaphela ngaphakathi nesonto. Uma izimpawu ziqhubeka ngaphezu kwezinsuku ezingu-7-10, kufanele ubheke umhlinzeki wezinsizakalo zezempilo ngoba lokhu kungase kubonise ukutheleleka kwamaphaphu noma enye isimo edinga ukwelashwa okuqondile.

Ngingawuthatha yini u-Imodium ngesifo sohambo?

I-Imodium (loperamide) iphephile ngokuvamile ekwelapheni isifo sohambo esibuthakathaka kuye kwesiphakathi futhi ingasiza ekuthambiseni ukukhishwa kwesisu. Noma kunjalo, gwema uma une-ubushushu bomzimba oluphezulu kuna-102°F noma igazi emathunjini akho, njengoba ukuthambisa ukukhishwa kwesisu kungase kubambe amabhaktheriya abulalayo emzimbeni wakho futhi kwenze ukutheleleka kube sibi.

Kuphephile yini ukudla iyogathi uma nginesifo sohambo?

Kungcono ukugwema imikhiqizo yobisi, kufaka phakathi iyogathi, ngesikhathi sesifo sohambo esibuhlungu. Ukutheleleka kungalimaza okwesikhashana ukugqoka kwamabele akho, okwenza kube nzima ukugaya i-lactose (ishukela lobisi). Lokhu kungenza isifo sohambo sibe sibi futhi kube nobuhlungu. Linda kuze kube yilapho izimpawu zakho ziphela ngaphambi kokubuyisela imikhiqizo yobisi.

Kufanele ngithathe ama-antibiotics ngesifo sohambo?

Ama-antibiotics awadingeki kwizimo eziningi ezilula ze-traveler’s diarrhea, ezivame ukuphulukana zodwa. Noma kunjalo, udokotela wakho angase akubhale ama-antibiotics uma unezimpawu eziphakathi nendawo, ubanda, igazi ematinyeni, noma uma i-diarrhea iphazamisa kakhulu izinhlelo zakho zokuhamba. Ukukhetha kuncike ezimpawu zakho nendawo oya kuyo.

Ngingayithola yini i-traveler’s diarrhea ngaphezu kwesikhathi esisodwa ohambweni olufanayo?

Yebo, ungayithola i-traveler’s diarrhea izikhathi eziningi, ngisho nasehambweni olufanayo. Ukuba nesigameko esisodwa akusakuvikela kubhaktheriya, ama-virus, noma izinambuzane ezahlukene ongahlangana nazo. Ukuvezwa ngakunye kokudla okungcolile noma amanzi kuholela engozini yalo, ngakho kubalulekile ukuqhubeka nokuqapha ukudla namanzi kulo lonke uhambo lwakho.