Truncus Arteriosus

ETruncus arteriosus, ithutha elilodwa elikhulu liphuma enhliziyweni, esikhundleni sezithutha ezimbili ezihlukile. Kukhona futhi umgodi odabukile odingilibeni phakathi kwamakamelo angaphansi enhliziyo, okuthiwa ama-ventricles. Lo mgodi ubizwa ngokuthi i-ventricular septal defect. Etruncus arteriosus, igazi eliphezulu loketshezi, eliboniswe ngobomvu, negazi elingaphezulu loketshezi, eliboniswe ngokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, lixuba ndawonye. Igazi elihlanganisiwe liboniswe ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Alinawo umoya owanele onqenqemeni lomzimba.

ITruncus arteriosus (TRUNG-kus ahr-teer-e-O-sus) iyisimo senhliziyo esingavamile esikhona ekuzalweni. Lokho kusho ukuthi yisici senhliziyo esizalwa naso. Kulesi simo, ithutha elilodwa elikhulu legazi liphuma enhliziyweni, esikhundleni sezithutha ezimbili.

Ukuba nethutha elilodwa elikhulu legazi kusho ukuthi igazi elingaphezulu loketshezi negazi eliphezulu loketshezi lixuba. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kunciphisa inani loketshezi elidluliselwa emzimbeni. Ngokuvamile kukhuphula inani loketshezi legazi eliya emaphaphwini. Inhliziyo kumele isebenze nzima ukuze ilungise ukuguquka kokugeleza kwegazi.

Umncintiswana, obizwa nangokuthi i-fetus, one-truncus arteriosus futhi ngokuvamile une-hole phakathi kwamakamelo amabili angaphansi enhliziyo, okuthiwa ama-ventricles. Lo mgodi ubizwa ngokuthi i-ventricular septal defect.

Elinye igama le-truncus arteriosus yithutha elivamile le-arterial.

Izimpawu ze-truncus arteriosus zivame ukwenzeka ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuphila. Zihlanganisa: Isikhumba esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma esimpunga ngenxa yamazinga aphansi e-oxygen. Ukulala okukhulu. Ukondla okungcono. Ukukhula okungcono. Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okunamandla. Ukuphefumula okusheshayo. Ukuphefumula kancane. Uma ukhathazekile ngokondla kwengane yakho, amaphethini okulala noma ukukhula, xhumana nochwepheshe bezempilo ukuze uthole isikhathi sokuhlangana. Hlala ufuna ukunakekelwa kwezimo eziphuthumayo uma ingane inoma yiziphi zezinto ezilandelayo: Isikhumba esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma esimpunga. Ukuphefumula okusheshayo. Ukuphefumula okungajulile. Noma yiluphi ukuphazamiseka kokuphefumula.

Uma ukhathazekile ngokondla, izindlela zokulala noma ukukhula komntwana wakho, xhumana nochwepheshe wezempilo ukuze uthole i-aphoyintimenti.

Hlala ufuna ukunakekelwa okusheshayo kwezokwelapha uma ingane inomunye walokhu okulandelayo:

• Isikhumba esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma esimnyama.
• Ukuphefumula okusheshayo.
• Ukuphefumula okunzima.
• Noma yisiphi isikhathi sokuphefumula.

I-Truncus arteriosus kwenzeka njengoba inhliziyo yengane yakhiwa phakathi kokukhulelwa. Ngokuvamile ayikho imbangela ecace kakhulu. I-Genetics nezici zemvelo zingase zidlale indima.

Ukuqonda okwengeziwe mayelana ne-truncus arteriosus, kungaba usizo ukwazi ukuthi inhliziyo isebenza kanjani ngokuvamile.

Inhliziyo ejwayelekile inamakamelo amane. Awu:

• Ikamelo eliphezulu lasekunene, elibizwa nangokuthi i-atrium lasekunene. Leli khamela lenhliziyo liyamukela igazi elingenayo i-oksijini emzimbeni.
• Ikamelo eliphansi lasekunene, elibizwa nangokuthi i-ventricle lasekunene. Leli khamela lenhliziyo liphompa igazi emaphashini ngesithombo esikhulu esibizwa ngokuthi yi-pulmonary artery. Igazi ligeleza nge-pulmonary artery kuya ezithombeni ezincane emaphusheni lapho igazi lithatha khona i-oksijini.
• Ikamelo eliphezulu lasekunxele, elibizwa nangokuthi i-atrium lasekunxele. Leli khamela lenhliziyo liyamukela igazi eliphezulu nge-oksijini emaphusheni ngezithombo ezibizwa ngokuthi yi-pulmonary veins.
• Ikamelo eliphansi lasekunxele, elibizwa nangokuthi i-ventricle lasekunxele. Leli khamela liphompa igazi eliphezulu nge-oksijini emzimbeni ngesithombo esikhulu kakhulu segazi emzimbeni, esibizwa ngokuthi yi-aorta.

Indlela inhliziyo yengane engakazalwa ekhiqizwa ngayo phakathi kokukhulelwa iyinkimbinkimbi. Ngesinye isikhathi, kukhona isithombo esisodwa esikhulu segazi esivela enhliziyweni. Lesi sithombo sibizwa ngokuthi yi-truncus arteriosus. Ngokuvamile sihlukaniswa saba ababili njengoba ingane engakazalwa ikhula esizalweni. Ingxenye eyodwa iba yi-end ephansi yesithombo esiyinhloko segazi emzimbeni, esibizwa ngokuthi yi-aorta. Ingxenye enye iba yi-end ephansi ye-pulmonary artery.

Kodwa kwezinye izingane, i-truncus arteriosus ayihlukaniswa. Udonga oluhlukanisa amakamelo amabili aphansi enhliziyo aluphothuli ngokuphelele. Lokhu kubangela i-hole enkulu phakathi kwalawo makamelo, ebizwa ngokuthi yi-ventricular septal defect.

Izingane ezine-truncus arteriosus nazo zivame ukuba nenkinga ne-valve yenhliziyo elawula ukugeleza kwegazi kwamakamelo aphansi enhliziyo kuya esithombeni esisodwa. Le valve ingase ingapholi ngokuphelele lapho inhliziyo iphumula. Igazi lingase lihambe ngendlela engafanele, libuyele enhliziyweni. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi-truncal valve regurgitation.

Imbangela eqondile ye-truncus arteriosus ayaziwa. Kodwa izinto ezithile zingase zikhulise ingozi yengxaki yenhliziyo lapho umntwana ezalwa. Izici ezikhulayo ingozi zihlanganisa:

• Ukugula okuyimbangela yebhaktheriya ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Ukutheleleka okuthile kungalimaza ingane ekhulela. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuba ne-German measles ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kungabangela ukushintsha ekuthuthukiseni kwenhliziyo yengane. I-German measles ibizwa nangokuthi i-rubella.
• Ukulawulwa okubi kweswekile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Ukulawulwa okucophelelayo kweshukela legazi ngaphambi nangesikhathi sokukhulelwa kunganciphisa ingozi yeengxaki zenhliziyo engwaneni yakho. Uma une-diabetes, sebenzisana nochwepheshe wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ishukela legazi lilawulwa kahle ngaphambi kokukhulelwa.
• Imithi ethile ethathwe ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Imithi ethile ingabangela iingxaki zenhliziyo nezinye izimo zezempilo engwaneni. Tshela uchwepheshe wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo ngayo yonke imithi oyithathayo, kuhlanganise nalabo abathengwe ngaphandle kwesiphakamiso.
• Ezinye izifo ze-chromosomal. I-chromosome eyengeziwe noma engavamile ikhuphula ingozi ye-truncus arteriosus. Izibonelo yi-DiGeorge syndrome, ebizwa nangokuthi i-22q11.2 deletion syndrome, ne-velocardiofacial syndrome.
• Ukubhema ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Uma ubhema, yeka. Ukubhema ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kukhuphula ingozi yezimo zenhliziyo engwaneni yakho.
• Ukusetshenziswa kotshwala. Ukuphuza utshwala ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kukhuphula ingozi yezimo zenhliziyo nezinye izinkinga zezempilo engwaneni.
• Ukukhuluphala. Ukukhuluphala kukhuphula ingozi yokuzala ingane enenkinga yenhliziyo

I-Truncus arteriosus ibangela izinkinga ezinkulu endleleni igazi elihamba ngayo emaphaphweni, enhliziyweni nasezindlini zomzimba. Izinkinga ze-truncus arteriosus ezinganeni zihlanganisa: Izinkinga zokuphefumula. Ukukhuluphala kwamanzi negazi emaphaphweni kwenza kube nzima ukuphefumula.

Ukuphindaphindeka kwegazi emaphaphweni, okuthiwa yi-pulmonary hypertension. Lesi simo sibangela ukuba imithambo yegazi emaphaphweni ibe mncinci. Kuyaba nzima enhliziyweni ukupompa igazi emaphaphweni.

Ukukhula kwenhliziyo. I-pulmonary hypertension nokwanda kokugeleza kwegazi kuyaqina inhliziyo. Inhliziyo kumele isebenze nzima ukuze iphonse igazi. Lokhu kubangela ukukhula komsuka wenhliziyo. Inhliziyo ekhulile iyancipha kancane kancane.

Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo. Kulesi simo, inhliziyo ayikwazi ukunikeza umzimba igazi elanele. Ukuncane koketshezi nokuqina okukhulu kwenhliziyo kungabangela ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo. Izingane ezinezinhliziyo eziqediwe ngempumelelo ngokuhlinzwa zingase zibe nezinkinga kamuva ekuphileni. Izinkinga ezingase zenzeke yi: I-pulmonary hypertension eba mbi.

Ukugeleza emuva kwegazi ngompompi wenhliziyo, okuthiwa yi-regurgitation.

Ukubetha okungajwayelekile kwenhliziyo, okuthiwa yi-arrhythmias. Izimpawu ezivamile zalezi zinkinga zihlanganisa: Ukukhungatheka.

Ukuzwa ukubetha kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, okuhlala kuhlala.

Ukuzwa ukukhathala kakhulu.

Ukuphefumula ngokunzima uma uqeqesha.

Ukukhuluphala kwesisu, imilenze noma izinyawo. Kwezinye izimo ezingavamile, abanye abantu abazalwa be-truncus arteriosus bangaphila ngaphandle kokuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo. Bangaphila baze bafike ebuntwini. Kodwa labo abanesimo bazoba nehluleka kwenhliziyo futhi bathuthukise isimo esithi i-Eisenmenger syndrome. Lesi simo sibangelwa ukulimala okungapheli komthambo wegazi emaphaphweni. Kuphumela ekungabikho okukhulu kokugeleza kwegazi emaphaphweni.

Ngenxa yokuthi imbangela ayicaci, kungenzeka ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukuvimbela i-truncus arteriosus. Ukunakekelwa okuhle kokukhulelwa kubalulekile. Uma wena noma othile emndenini wakho unezinkinga zenhliziyo ezazikhona ekuzalweni, xoxa nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokukhulelwa. Kungase kudingeke ubone udokotela we-genetic kanye nodokotela wenhliziyo, obizwa ngokuthi yi-cardiologist. Uma unquma ukukhulelwa, ukwenza lezi zinyathelo kungasiza ekuqapheleni impilo yengane yakho:

• Thola izigqoko ezinikeziwe. Ezinye izifo zingalimaza ingane ekhulelwayo. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuba ne-German measles—ebizwa nangokuthi yi-rubella—ngekhulelwa kungabangela ukushintsha ekuthuthukiseni kwenhliziyo yengane. Uvivinyo lwegazi oluthathwe ngaphambi kokukhulelwa lungabonisa ukuthi awunayo i-rubella. Kukhona isithombe esitholakala kulabo abangenayo.
• Xoxa nodokotela wakho ngemithi yakho. Hlola nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuthatha noma iyiphi imithi uma ukhulelwe noma ucabanga ngokukhulelwa. Imithi eminingi ayinconywa ukusetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ngoba ingalimaza ingane ekhulelwayo.
• Thatha i-folic acid supplement. Thatha i-multivitamin ene-folic acid. Ukuthatha ama-micrograms angu-400 we-folic acid nsuku zonke kuye kwabonakala kunciphisa izimo zengqondo nemisipha yomhlane ezintwaneni. Kungasiza ekuqapheleni ubungozi bezimo zenhliziyo ezikhona ekuzalweni futhi.
• Lawula isifo sikashukela. Uma une-diabetes, buza udokotela wakho ukuthi ungayilawula kanjani kangcono leyo gciwane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.

I-Truncus arteriosus ivame ukuxilongwa ngokushesha nje ngemva kokuzalwa kwengane. Ingane ingase ibukeke iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma imhlophe futhi ibe nezinkinga zokuphefumula.

Uma ingane izalwa, ochwepheshe bezempilo uhlala oluleka amaphaphu engane ukuhlola ukuphefumula. Uma ingane inesifo se-truncus arteriosus, ochwepheshe bezempilo bangase bezwe amanzi emaphaphwini ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa. Ochwepheshe bezempilo futhi balalele inhliziyo yengane ukuhlola ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile noma umsindo wokugijima, obizwa ngokuthi yi-murmur.

Izivivinyo zokuxilonga i-truncus arteriosus zihlanganisa:

• Pulse oximetry. Isinsipho esibekwe esithupeni sibhala inani lokhuthala legazi. Ukuncane kakhulu kokhuthala kungaba uphawu lwenkinga yenhliziyo noma yamaphaphu.
• X-ray yesifuba. Lo mvivinyo ubonisa isimo senhliziyo namaphaphu. Ungabonisa usayizi wenhliziyo. I-X-ray yesifuba ingabonisa futhi uma amaphaphu enamanzi engeziwe.
• Echocardiogram. I-echocardiogram isebenzisa amaza omsindo ukwenza izithombe zenhliziyo eshaya. Lona umvivinyo oyinhloko wokuxilonga i-truncus arteriosus. Ubonisa ukugeleza kwegazi ngenhliziyo namagciwane enhliziyo. Kwingane enesifo se-truncus arteriosus, umvivinyo ubonisa isitsha esisodwa esikhulu esivela enhliziyweni. Ngokuvamile kunesikhala odongeni phakathi kwamakamelo angaphansi enhliziyo.