Ukuthi yini i-Truncus Arteriosus? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

I-Truncus arteriosus iwukuthi isifo senhliziyo esingavamile esikhona lapho umntwana ezalwa khona lapho i- artery eyodwa enkulu ithwala igazi livela enhliziyweni esikhundleni sezi-arteries ezimbili ezihlukene. Ngokuvamile, inhliziyo yakho inezinsimbi ezinkulu ezimbili - i-aorta ne-pulmonary artery - kepha izingane ezinalesi simo zizalwa ne- artery eyodwa kuphela eyenza imisebenzi yombili.

Lesi simo sithinta cishe ingane eyi-1 ku-10,000 futhi sidinga ukwelashwa ngokuhlinzwa phakathi nonyaka wokuqala wokuphila. Nakuba kuzwakala kukhulu, ukuthuthuka ekwelashweni kwenhliziyo kwabantwana kwenze ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo kungenzeka kakhulu uma kubanjwa ngokushesha.

Ukuthi yini i-Truncus Arteriosus?

I-Truncus arteriosus kwenzeka lapho i-arteries eziyinhloko zenhliziyo zingabihlukanisi kahle ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kwasekuqaleni. Esikhundleni sokuthuthukisa zibe izitsha ezimbili ezihlukile, zihlala njengomqhele omkhulu ohlala ngaphezulu kokubili izinhlangothi zenhliziyo.

Lesi sitsha esisodwa samukela igazi kokubili i-ventricles yasekunene nasekhohlo ngesikhala odongeni oluphakathi kwazo. Igazi bese liya emaphashini, emzimbeni, nase-coronary arteries konke kulo mqhele owodwa.

Cabanga ngakho njengokuba nepipesi enkulu yamanzi esikhundleni sezi-pipes ezimbili ezihlukene zezingxenye ezihlukene zendlu yakho. Igazi elihlanganisiwe lisho ukuthi ingane yakho ithola i-oksijini encane kunokujwayelekile, yingakho izimpawu zivele ekuqaleni kokuphila.

Ziyini Izimpawu ze-Truncus Arteriosus?

Izingane ezinale-truncus arteriosus ngokuvamile zibonisa izimpawu phakathi kwamasonto ambalwa okuqala kokuphila. Izimpawu zenzeka ngoba igazi lazo alithwali i-oksijini eyanele ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zomzimba wazo.

Nazi izimpawu ezivame kakhulu ongazibona:

• Isikhumba, izindebe, noma iinena ezinemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (cyanosis), ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokulila noma kokudla
• Ubunzima bokudla noma ukukhathala ngokushesha ngesikhathi sokudla
• Ukuphefumula okusheshayo noma okunzima
• Ukukhula okungekuhle kobunzima naphezu kokuthi ukudla kuvamile
• Ukukhipha ukushisa okukhulu, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokudla
• Ukucasuka noma ukukhathazeka
• Ukutheleleka kwemisipha okuvamile

Ezinye izingane zingase zithuthukise izimpawu zokwehluleka kwenhliziyo njengoba inhliziyo yazo isebenza kanzima ukuthumela igazi. Lezi zimpawu ngokuvamile ziyaqaphela kakhulu njengoba ingane yakho ikhula futhi izidingo zayo ze-oksijini zanda.

Ziyini Izinhlobo ze-Truncus Arteriosus?

Odokotela bahlukanisa i-truncus arteriosus zibe izinhlobo ezihlukene ngokusekelwe endleleni i-pulmonary arteries exhumanisa ngayo nomqhele oyinhloko. Ukuqonda uhlobo kusiza iqembu lakho lezokwelapha ukuhlela indlela yokwelapha engcono kakhulu.

Uhlobo lwe-I yiyona ndlela evamile kakhulu, lapho i-pulmonary arteries ivele ndawonye ngemuva kwe-truncus. Uhlobo lwe-II lwenzeka lapho i-pulmonary arteries ivele ngokwahlukana kodwa eduze ndawonye ngemuva komqhele.

Uhlobo lwe-III lwenzeka lapho i-pulmonary artery eyodwa noma zombili zivela eceleni kwe-truncus. Kukhona futhi uhlobo lwe-IV, nakuba ochwepheshe abaningi manje bacabanga ukuthi lokhu kuyisimo esihlukile esibizwa ngokuthi i-pulmonary atresia ene-major aortopulmonary collateral arteries.

Uhlobo oluthile alushintshi uhlelo lokwelapha kakhulu, kodwa lusiza ochwepheshe bokuhlinzwa ukuba balungiselele indlela yokulungisa enhle kakhulu yengane yakho.

Yini ebangela i-Truncus Arteriosus?

I-Truncus arteriosus ithuthukela phakathi kwamasonto angu-8 okuqala sokukhulelwa lapho inhliziyo yengane yakho yakha khona. Imbangela eqondile ayiqondakali ngokuphelele, kodwa kwenzeka lapho izakhiwo ezithile enhliziyweni ethuthukayo zingabihlukanisi njengoba kufanele.

Izici eziningi zingase zikhulise ingozi, nakuba izingane eziningi ezinalesi simo azinazo izici zengozi eziqondakali:

• Izimo ze-genetic njenge-DiGeorge syndrome noma i-22q11.2 deletion syndrome
• I-diabetes yomzali ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa
• Imithi ethile ethathwe ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kwasekuqaleni
• Ukutheleleka yi-viral ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, njenge-rubella
• Umbukiso womndeni wezifo zenhliziyo ezingavamile
• Ubudala obukhulu bomzali

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi akukho lutho owalwenza noma awulwenzanga ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa okubangele lesi simo. Izifo zenhliziyo njenge-truncus arteriosus zenzeka ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kwasekuqaleni, ngokuvamile ngaphambi kokuba wazi ukuthi ukhulelwe.

Nini Okufanele Ubone Udokotela Nge-Truncus Arteriosus?

Kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wezingane wakho ngokushesha uma ubona izimpawu zokuntuleka kwe-oksijini engwaneni yakho. Isikhumba esinemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ikakhulukazi ezindebeni noma ezinena, sihlale sifuna ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okusheshayo.

Ezinye izimpawu ezinkulu ezidinga ukuhlolwa okusheshayo zihlanganisa ubunzima bokudla, ukuphefumula okusheshayo, noma ukukhathazeka okungavamile. Ingane yakho ingase ibukeke ikhathele kakhulu kunokujwayelekile noma ibe nobunzima bokuzuza ubunzima naphezu kokudla ngokujwayelekile.

Uma ingane yakho ithuthukisa izimpawu zokuphefumula okunzima njengokukhala, ukukhuluma, noma ukudonsa imisipha yesifuba, funa ukunakekelwa okusheshayo ngokushesha. Lezi zimpawu zibonisa ukuthi ingane yakho isebenza kanzima ukuphefumula futhi idinga usizo ngokushesha.

Themba izinzwa zakho njengomzali. Uma kukhona okungabonakali kulungile ngokuphefumula kwengane yakho, ukudla, noma ukubonakala jikelele, ungangabazi ukubiza umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo.

Ziyini Izici Zengozi ze-Truncus Arteriosus?

Nakuba i-truncus arteriosus ingavelela kunoma yikuphi ukukhulelwa, izici ezithile zingase zikhulise kancane amathuba. Ukuqonda lezi zici zengozi kungasiza ekutholeni nasekulandeleni kwasekuqaleni.

Izici ze-genetic zidlala indima kwezinye izimo:

• Umbukiso womndeni wezifo zenhliziyo ezingavamile
• Ukungahambisani kwe-chromosome, ikakhulukazi i-22q11.2 deletion syndrome
• I-DiGeorge syndrome
• Ubuhlobo bomndeni (abazali abahlobene)

Izici zomzali ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa zingase futhi zinikeze:

• I-diabetes engalawulwa kahle ngaphambi noma ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa
• Imithi ethile, ikakhulukazi eminye imithi yokubamba
• Ukutheleleka njenge-rubella ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kwasekuqaleni
• Ubudala obukhulu bomzali (ngaphezulu kuka-35)
• Ukubhema noma ukusebenzisa utshwala ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa

Khumbula ukuthi ukuba nezici zengozi akusho ukuthi ingane yakho ngokuqinisekile izoba nalesi simo. Izingane eziningi ezinale-truncus arteriosus azinazo izici zengozi eziqondakali nhlobo.

Ziyini Izingozi Ezingase Zenzeke Nge-Truncus Arteriosus?

Ngaphandle kokwelashwa, i-truncus arteriosus ingabangela ubunzima obukhulu njengoba ingane yakho ikhula. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ukulungiswa okuhlinzwa kwasekuqaleni kungavimbela iningi lalezi zinkinga ezingase zithuthuke.

Ukukhathazeka okusheshayo kuhlanganisa:

• Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo njengoba inhliziyo isebenza kanzima ukuthumela igazi elihlanganisiwe
• Ukukhula okungekuhle nokuthuthuka ngenxa yokuthi i-oksijini ayanele
• Ukutheleleka kwemisipha okuvamile
• I-cyanotic spells lapho amazinga e-oksijini ewa khona ngokweqile

Izingozi zesikhathi eside ezingase zithuthuke ngaphandle kokuhlinzwa zihlanganisa:

• I-Eisenmenger syndrome, lapho izitsha zegazi zephunga zilimale khona unomphela
• Izindlela ezingavamile zenhliziyo (arrhythmias)
• Ingozi yesifo sobuchopho ngenxa ye-blood clots
• Ukufa kwenhliziyo ngokuzumayo ezimweni ezinkulu

Lezi zingozi zigcizelela ukuthi kungani ukungenelela okuhlinzwa kwasekuqaleni kubaluleke kangaka. Ngokwelashwa okufanele, izingane eziningi ezinale-truncus arteriosus zingagwema lezi zinkinga ezinkulu futhi ziphile impilo enempilo.

Indlela Yokuxilongwa Kwe-Truncus Arteriosus?

Odokotela bangaxilonga i-truncus arteriosus ngezindlela eziningi, ngokuvamile beqala ngokutholakala kokuhlolwa komzimba. Udokotela wezingane wakho angase azwe i-heart murmur noma aqaphele izimpawu zokuntuleka kwe-oksijini ngesikhathi sokuhlola okuvamile.

Ivivinyo elibaluleke kakhulu lokutholakala yi-echocardiogram, esebenzisa amaza omsindo ukwenza izithombe zenhliziyo yengane yakho. Leli vivinyo lingabonisa isakhiwo senhliziyo nezitsha zegazi ngokucacile ngaphandle kokungakhululeki kwengane yakho.

Ivivinyo ezengeziwe zingase zihlanganise:

• I-X-ray yesifuba ukuhlola usayizi wenhliziyo nokubonakala kwamaphaphu
• I-electrocardiogram (ECG) ukuhlola i-rhythm yenhliziyo
• I-pulse oximetry ukuthola amazinga e-oksijini egazini
• I-cardiac catheterization yokulinganisa okuningiliziwe ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-genetic ukuhlola izifo ezihambisanayo

Ngezinye izikhathi i-truncus arteriosus itholakala ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nge-fetal echocardiography. Lokhu kuvumela iqembu lakho lezokwelapha ukuhlela ukulethwa nokunakekelwa okusheshayo ngemuva kokuzalwa.

Ukuthi yini Ukwelashwa kwe-Truncus Arteriosus?

Ukuphathwa kwe-truncus arteriosus kuhlale kuhilela ukuhlinzwa, ngokuvamile kwenziwa phakathi nonyaka wokuqala wokuphila. Umgomo ukwahlukanisa ukugeleza kwegazi emaphashini nasezimweni, ukudala izindlela ezimbili ezihlukile njengenhliziyo evamile.

Ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa, ingane yakho ingase idinge imithi ukusiza inhliziyo yayo ukuba isebenze kahle. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise i-diuretics ukususa uketshezi okukhulu nemiithi ukusiza inhliziyo ukuba ipompe ngamandla.

Ukulungiswa okuyinhloko okuhlinzwa kuhilela izinyathelo eziningana:

1. Ukuvala isikhala phakathi kwamakhamera angaphansi enhliziyo (VSD closure)
2. Uxhumela i-left ventricle ku-aorta
3. Ukudala indlela entsha evela ku-right ventricle kuya emaphashini usebenzisa i-conduit
4. Ukulungisa i-truncal valve uma kudingeka

Izingane eziningi zizodinga ukuhlinzwa okuqhubekayo njengoba zikhula ngoba i-conduit ayikhulumi nazo. Lezi zinqubo zokulandelela ngokuvamile ziyalungiswa futhi zilula kunekulungiswa kwasekuqaleni.

Isikhathi sokuhlinzwa siyancika ezimpawu zengane yakho nokuthi ikhula kangakanani. Iqembu lakho lokuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo lizothuthukela nawe ukuze unqume isikhathi esifanele sengane yakho.

Indlela Yokunikeza Ukunakekelwa Kwasekhaya Ngesikhathi Sokwelashwa Kwe-Truncus Arteriosus?

Ukukhathalela ingane enale-truncus arteriosus ekhaya kudinga ukunakekelwa kwezidingo zayo ezikhethekile ngenkathi ugcina isimo esivamile ngangokunokwenzeka. Iqembu lakho lezokunakekelwa kwezempilo lizonikeza imiyalo ekhethekile yokunakekelwa kwengane yakho.

Ukudla kuvame ukudinga ukuzeka kade umsindo nokuhlela. Ingane yakho ingase ikhathale ngokushesha ngesikhathi sokudla, ngakho ukudla okuncane, okuvamile kuvame ukusebenza kangcono kunokudla okukhulu. Ezinye izingane zidinga amafomu aphezulu-calorie ukuze zisekele ukukhula okufanele.

Qaphela izimpawu zokuthi ingane yakho ayitholi i-oksijini eyanele:

• Ukukhula kombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ezindebeni noma ezinena
• Ubunzima bokudla obukhulu kunokujwayelekile
• Ukukhathazeka okungavamile noma ukucasuka
• Ukushintsha emaphethini okuphefumula
• Ukunciphisa amazinga womsebenzi

Gcina indawo yengane yakho ihlanzekile ukuze unciphise ingozi yokutheleleka, kodwa ungabi ukwahlukaniswa kakhulu. Ukugeza izandla njalo nokugwema abantu ababonakala begula ngokuvamile kuyisivikelo esanele.

Ngemva kokuhlinzwa, landela imiyalo ekhethekile yochwepheshe bokuhlinzwa mayelana namazinga womsebenzi, ukunakekelwa kwezindawo eziqondene, namahlelo wemithi. Izingane eziningi ziphulukana ngokumangalisayo ngokunakekelwa okufanele nokulandelwa.

Kufanele Uzilungiselele Kanjani Ukuya Edokotela?

Ukulungiselela ukuya kudokotela wezingane wakho noma udokotela wezokwelapha kusiza uqinisekise ukuthi uthola okuningi kakhulu ekuhambeni kwakho. Bhala phansi imibuzo yakho ngaphambi kokuba ungakhohlwa lutho olukhulu ngesikhathi sokuya kudokotela.

Gcina irekhodi lezimpawu zengane yakho, kuhlanganise nokuthi zenzeka nini nokuthi zibonakala zinkulu kangakanani. Qaphela noma yikuphi ukushintsha emaphethini okudla, ukuphefumula, noma amazinga womsebenzi kusukela ekuhambeni kwakho kokugcina.

Letha ulwazi olukhulu nawe:

• Uhlu lwemithi yonke kanye nezinga
• Imiphumela yokuvivinya yamuva noma izifundo zokutholakala
• Amakhadi yomshuwalense kanye nokuhlonza
• Ulwazi loxhumano lwabanye abahlinzeki bezempilo
• Noma imiphi imibuzo mayelana nokunakekelwa kwengane yakho noma ukuthuthuka

Ungangabazi ukubuza iqembu lakho lezokunakekelwa kwezempilo ukucacisa noma yini ongayiqondi. Bafuna uzizwe uqinisekile futhi ulwazi mayelana nokunakekelwa kwengane yakho.

Cabanga ukuletha ilungu lomndeni noma umngani wokusekela, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuqondana okubalulekile mayelana nokuhlinzwa noma izinhlelo zokwelapha. Ukuba nomuntu omunye okhona kungakusiza ukuba ukhumbule ulwazi olukhulu.

Iyini Iphuzu Eliyinhloko Mayelana Ne-Truncus Arteriosus?

I-Truncus arteriosus iyisimo senhliziyo esinzima kodwa esingaphathwa esidinga ukulungiswa okuhlinzwa phakathi nonyaka wokuqala wokuphila. Ngokutholakala kwasekuqaleni nokuphathwa okufanele, izingane eziningi zingalindela ukuphila impilo egcwele, esebenzayo.

Izinga lokuphila lokulungiswa kwe-truncus arteriosus liye lasebenza kakhulu phakathi kwamashumi eminyaka ambalwa edlule. Izingane eziningi ezinokuhlinzwa ziqhubeka zihlanganyela emisebenzini yengane evamile, ziye esikoleni njalo, futhi zikhule zibe abantu abadala abaphilile.

Nakuba ukutholakala kungase kuzwakale kukhulu, khumbula ukuthi awuwedwa kule ndlela. Iqembu lakho lezokunakekelwa kwezempilo lihlanganisa ochwepheshe abanokuhlangenwe nakho okuningi ekwelapheni lesi simo nasekusekeleni imindeni ngenqubo.

Gxila ekuthatheni izinto isinyathelo ngesinyathelo. Ngokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okufanele, ukusekela komndeni, nokubekezela, ingane yakho inganqoba lo mqondo oqalayo futhi ikhule eminyakeni ezayo.

Imibuzo Evamile Mayelana Ne-Truncus Arteriosus

Ingane yami izokwazi ukudlala imidlalo emva kokuhlinzwa kwe-truncus arteriosus?

Izingane eziningi zingase zihlanganyele emisebenzini yomzimba efanele iminyaka yazo ngemva kokuhlinzwa okuphumelelayo, nakuba zingase zidinga ukugwema imidlalo encintisana kakhulu noma yokuxhumana. Udokotela wakho wezingane uzonikeza imiyalo ekhethekile yomsebenzi ngokusekelwe emisebenzini yengane yakho enhliziyweni nokuphulukiswa. Izingane eziningi zijabulela ukubhukuda, ukuhamba ngebhayisikili, nezinye imisebenzi yokuzilibazisa ngaphandle kokulinganiselwa.

Ingane yami izodinga ukuya kudokotela kangaki ngemva kokuhlinzwa?

Izingane ezinale-truncus arteriosus elungisiwe ngokuvamile zidinga ukulandelela okuvamile kwezokwelapha kwenhliziyo ekuphileni kwazo konke. Ekuqaleni, ukuya kudokotela kungase kube izinyanga ezimbalwa, bese kuba minyaka yonke noma eminyakeni embalwa njengoba ingane yakho ikhula. Lezi zivivinyo zisiza ekuqondeni ukusebenza kwenhliziyo nokuhlela noma yiziphi izinqubo ezengeziwe ezingase zidingeke njengoba ingane yakho ikhula.

Abesifazane abane-truncus arteriosus elungisiwe bangaba nezingane ngokuphepha?

Abesifazane abaningi abane-truncus arteriosus elungisiwe ngempumelelo bangaba nokukhulelwa okunempilo, nakuba badinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile eqenjini lokukhulelwa eliyingozi. Ukuphepha kuncika ekutheni inhliziyo yabo isebenza kahle kangakanani eminyakeni eminingi ngemva kokulungiswa. Ukuxhumana ngaphambi kokukhulelwa nodokotela wezingane kubalulekile ukuhlola izingozi nezinzuzo zomuntu.

Iyini isikhathi sokuphila sezingane ezinale-truncus arteriosus?

Ngokulungiswa okuhlinzwa okuphumelelayo, izingane eziningi ezinale-truncus arteriosus zingalindela isikhathi sokuphila esivamile noma esiseduze nesivamile. Imiphumela yesikhathi eside iyancika ezintweni njengalesikhathi sokuhlinzwa, indlela ukulungiswa okuhlala isikhathi eside kangakanani, nokuthi izinkinga ezengeziwe zenhliziyo zithuthuka yini. Abantu abadala abaningi abane-truncus arteriosus elungisiwe baphila ngokuzimela futhi babe nemindeni yabo.

Ingane yami izodinga imithi yenhliziyo ekuphileni kwayo konke?

Akhiwo zonke izingane ezidinga imithi yokuhlala impilo yonke ngemva kokulungiswa kwe-truncus arteriosus, kodwa ezinye zingase zidinge ukuze zisize ukusebenza kwenhliziyo yazo. Imithi evamile ingase ihlanganise leyo evimbela i-blood clots, ukulaula i-rhythm yenhliziyo, noma ukusekela ukusebenza kwenhliziyo. Udokotela wakho wezingane uzoqala ukuhlola ukuthi imithi isadinga yini njengoba ingane yakho ikhula futhi ukusebenza kwenhliziyo yayo kuqina.