Uthrushwa yini iTyphoid? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, & Ukwelashwa

I-Typhoid fever ukutheleleka okubi kwebhaktheriya okusakazwa ngokudla namanzi angcolile. Kubangelwa uhlobo lwebhaktheriya elibizwa nge-Salmonella typhi, eluhlasela isisu sakho futhi lingasakazeka emzimbeni wakho uma lungelashwa.

Lesi simo sithinta izigidi zabantu emhlabeni jikelele unyaka ngamunye, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezingcolile. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi i-typhoid fever iyakwelashwa ngokuphelele ngama-antibiotics uma itholakala ngokushesha, futhi iyakuvimbeka kakhulu ngokuhlanzeka okuhle nokugoma.

Uthrushwa yini iTyphoid?

I-Typhoid fever ukutheleleka kwebhaktheriya okuthinta ikakhulukazi amabele akho negazi. Ibhaktheriya ebangela lesi sifo, i-Salmonella typhi, ihlukile ku-Salmonella ejwayelekile ebangela ukudla okudakayo.

Uma lezi bhaktheriya zingena emzimbeni wakho, zizala esibindini sakho esincane bese zisakazeka egazini lakho. Kungakho i-typhoid fever ingathinta izitho eziningi emzimbeni wakho, hhayi nje isisu sakho.

Ukutheleleka kuvame ukuthuthuka kancane izinsuku noma amasonto ambalwa. Ngokungafani nezinye izifo eziningi zebhaktheriya, i-typhoid fever ivame ukubangela ukuqala kancane kwezimpawu kunokugula okukhulu ngokushesha.

Zithini Izimpawu zeTyphoid Fever?

Izimpawu ze-typhoid fever zivame ukuvela kancane kancane, ziqala cishe ngemuva kweviki eli-1-3 ngemuva kokubekwa ezingozini zebhaktheriya. Izimpawu zokuqala zingazizwa zifana nezinye izifo eziningi, kungakho kubalulekile ukunaka iphethini yezimpawu.

Nawa zimpawu ezivame kakhulu ongazihlangabezana nazo:

• Ukuthuthumela okukhulu okungafika ku-104°F (40°C) futhi kungase kuze kube khona bese kuhamba
• Ihlungu elikhulu lenhloko elingaphenduli kahle ekuphulukiseni ubuhlungu obuthengwa ngaphandle kwesikweletu
• Ubuthakathaka nokuphumula okwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke ibe nzima
• Ubuhlungu besisu nokuqina, ngokuvamile ngaphansi kwesisu
• Ukulahlekelwa ukudla nokunciphisa isisindo okukhulu
• Ukhukhula noma ukuvimbela (kokubili kungase kwenzeke)
• Amabala amhlophe obomvu esifubeni nasemathunjini
• Ukuhlanza okwomile okuqhubeka

Iphethini yokuthuthumela e-tayphoyidi ihlukile kakhulu. Ngokuvamile iqala ngezansi bese ikhuphuka kancane nsuku zonke, ngezinye izikhathi ifike amazinga ayingozi. Le phethini yokuthuthumela “yesitebhisi” ingenye yezimpawu eziyinhloko odokotela abayifuna.

Ezimweni ezithile, ungase uhlangabezane nezimpawu ezingavamile. Lezi zingafaka ukudideka, ukuhlupheka, noma ngisho nesilinganiso sokubetha kwenhliziyo esiphasi kunokujwayelekile naphezu kokuthuthumela okukhulu. Abanye abantu bathuthukisa isikhumba esiqinisekile samabala amancane, obomvu obomvu emzimbeni wabo.

Yini ebangela Ukuthuthumela kwe-Typhoid?

Ukuthuthumela kwe-tayphoyidi kubangelwa yi-bacterium i-Salmonella typhi kuphela. Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo ze-Salmonella ezingaphila ezilwaneni, le bacteria ethile ihlala kubantu kuphela, okwenza iphethini yokudluliselwa ibe ikhethekile.

Ungathola ukuthuthumela kwe-tayphoyidi ngezindlela eziningi zokubekwa:

• Ukudla ukudla okulungiswe umuntu othatha i-bacteria futhi engagezanga izandla zakhe kahle
• Ukunatha amanzi ane-sewage enebacteria
• Ukudla izithelo nemifino eluhlaza egeziwe emanzini angcolile
• Ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo yobisi evela ezilwaneni ezikhule ezindaweni ezingcolile
• Ukusebenzisa amanzi angcolile ukuphuza, ukupheka, noma ukugeza amazinyo
• Ukuthintana eduze nomuntu onokuhlanza kwe-tayphoyidi noma onomthwali

Ama-bacteria aqinile kakhulu futhi angaphila amasonto amaningi emanzini noma emathunjini omfula owomile. Yingakho isifo sikatiphoid sivame kakhulu ezindaweni ezinamazinga aphansi wokugeleza kwamanzi noma okungenawo ukufinyelela emanzini acocekile.

Abanye abantu bangaba abaphathi be-bacteria isikhathi eside. Lokhu kusho ukuthi baphatha i-Salmonella typhi emizimbeni yabo ngaphandle kokubonisa izimpawu, kodwa basengasakaza ukutheleleka kwabanye ngokusebenzisa amasiko amubi.

Nini Okufanele Ubone Udokotela Ngesifo Sikatiphoid?

Kufanele uxhumane nodokotela ngokushesha uma uthola umkhuhlane ophezulu kanye nokuhlunguluka kwekhanda nokuhlunguluka kwesisu, ikakhulukazi uma usanda kuhamba endaweni lapho isifo sikatiphoid sivame khona. Ukwelashwa kwasekuqaleni kubalulekile ukuvimbela izinkinga ezingathi sína.

Funani ukunakekelwa kwengculazi uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi lezi zibonakaliso zexwayiso:

• Umkhuhlane ophezulu ku-102°F (39°C) ongaphumeleli imithi yokunciphisa umkhuhlane
• Ukuphelelwa amanzi okukhulu ngokukhungatheka, umlomo owomile, noma ukungaphuthi amanzi
• Ukugabha okuqhubekayo okukuvimbela ekuqondeni izintokozo
• Izimpawu zokudideka, ukudideka, noma ukuhlupheka ekuhlaleni ulungile
• Ubuhlungu besisu obukhulu noma ukukhula
• Igazi emathunjini akho noma ekugabeni

Ungalindi ukubona uma izimpawu ziphucuka zodwa. Isifo sikatiphoid singaba yingozi uma singaphathwa, kodwa siphendula kahle kakhulu ekwelapheni ngama-antibiotic uma kubanjwe ngokushesha.

Uma uke ube nokuthintana eduze nomuntu ohlinzwe ngesifo sikatiphoid, kuhlakaniphile ukubonisana nodokotela ngisho noma uzizwa kahle. Bangakwazi ukuthola ukuthi udinga ukwelashwa okunqabela noma ukulandelela.

Yiziphi Izici Zengozi Zesifo Sikatiphoid?

Izimo ezithile nezimo zingandisa amathuba akho okuthola isifo sikatiphoid. Ukuqonda lezi zici zengozi kungakusiza ukuthi uthathe izinyathelo ezifanele, ikakhulukazi uma uhamba noma ezimweni ezithile zokuphila.

Izici eziyinhloko zengozi zihlanganisa:

• Ukuhamba ezindaweni ezingcolile, ikakhulukazi ezingxenyeni zase-Asia, e-Afrika, naseLatin America
• Ukusebenza emakhabethe e-microbiology aphatha i-Salmonella typhi bacteria
• Ukuba nokuthintana okuqonde ngumuntu onomkhuhlane we-typhoid noma umthwali ongaqedi
• Ukuphila ezindaweni ezingenazo izinhlelo zokuthutha amanzi noma ukwelashwa kwamanzi
• Ukuba nesistimu yokukhululeka ebuthakathaka ngenxa yemithi noma izimo zezokwelapha
• Ukuthatha imithi eyancisha ama-acid esisu okungavumela amabhaktheriya ukuba aphile

Indawo yomhlaba idlala indima ebalulekile engozini ye-typhoid. Ukutheleleka kuvamile emazweni asathuthuka lapho ukufinyelela emanzini acocekile nokuhlanzeka okufanele kungase kube yinkinga. Ngisho nokuhamba okufushane kulezi zindawo kungakuveza engozini.

Ubudala bakho nesimo sakho sempilo jikelele kubalulekile. Abantwana abancane nabantu abadala bangase babe sengozini enkulu yokuthola izinkinga ezinzima uma bethatha umkhuhlane we-typhoid. Abantu abanesistimu yokukhululeka ebuthakathaka bangase babe nobunzima ekuqedeni ukutheleleka ngokuphumelelayo.

Ziyini Izingozi Ezingase Zenzeke Ngokumkhuhlane We-Typhoid?

Nakuba umkhuhlane we-typhoid ulashwa, ungabangela izinkinga ezinzima uma ungalawulwa kahle. Lezi zinkinga zivame ukuvela esontweni lesibili noma lesithathu lesifo, kungakho ukuxilongwa kwasekuqaleni nokuphathwa kubaluleke kakhulu.

Izingozi ezivamile zihlanganisa:

• Ukuphuma kwegazi esibindini ngenxa yama-ulcer aqala esibindini esincane
• Ukuqhekeka kodonga lwesibindini, okungabangela ukuphuma kwegazi elingaphakathi okusongela impilo
• Ukuphelelwa amanzi okukhulu ngenxa yomkhuhlane oqhubekayo, ukugabha, nokuxhinga
• I-Pneumonia ethinta amaphaphu
• Ukuvuvukala kwemisipha yenhliziyo (myocarditis)
• I-Meningitis, ukutheleleka kwamaphepha ahlanganisa ubuchopho nomgogodla

Abanye abantu bangaba nezinkinga ezingavamile kodwa ezingathi sína. Lezi zingafaka izingqinamba zezinso, ukuvuvukala kwesibindi, noma ukutheleleka kwamanye amalungu njengoba ibhaktheriya isakazeka egazini. Imiphumela yezempilo yengqondo efana nokucindezeleka noma i-psychosis ingase ibonakale ngezinye izikhathi ngesikhathi sesifo esinzima.

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi izinhlanganisela eziningi zingavikeleka ngokwelashwa ngokushesha ngama-antibiotic. Uma ububende butholakala futhi butholakala ngokushesha, iningi labantu liyaphila ngokuphelele ngaphandle kwemiphumela ehlala njalo.

Ububende Bungavikeleka Kanjani?

Ububende buvimbeka kakhulu ngokugonywa nokunakekela ngokucophelela ukuphepha kokudla namanzi. Ikhona ukukuqonda ukuthi ibhaktheriya isakazeka kanjani nokuthatha izinyathelo ezifanele, ikakhulukazi uma uhamba.

Ukugonywa yilona lokho okokuqala lokuvikela. Kukhona izinhlobo ezimbili zezivakcini zobubende ezitholakalayo: isiviki esithathwa njengekhapsuli kanye nesivakcini esigonywayo. Zombili zinikeza isivikelo esihle, yize kungekho eyodwa engu-100% ephumelelayo, ngakho-ke kuzodingeka usalandele ukuphepha kokudla namanzi.

Uma uhamba ezindaweni lapho ububende buvamile khona, landela lezi zinyathelo zokuphepha ezibalulekile:

• Phuza amanzi abotshwe kuphela noma amanzi abilisiwe okungenani imizuzu eyodwa
• Gwema amaqanda angagayiwe ngaphandle uma enziwe ngamanzi aphephile
• Dla ukudla okuphekwe kahle kuphela okukhonjiswe kushisa
• Gwema izithelo nemifino eluhlaza noma engaphekwe kahle ngaphandle uma ungazihlambulula wena
• Gwema ukudla kwabathengisi bendlini kanye ne-buffet
• Gwema imikhiqizo yobisi ngaphandle uma uqinisekile ukuthi i-pasteurized

Imikhuba emihle yokuhlanzeka kubalulekile ukuvimbela. Geza izandla zakho njalo ngesepu namanzi acocekile, ikakhulukazi ngaphambi kokudla nangemva kokusebenzisa igumbi lokugezela. Uma isepula namanzi kungatholakali, sebenzisa i-hand sanitizer esekelwe e-alchoholi okungenani enama-60% e-alchoholi.

Ububende Butholakala Kanjani?

Ukuxilongwa kwe-tayphoyidi kufuna ukuhlolwa okukhethekile kwelebhu ngoba izimpawu zingafana nezimo eziningi. Udokotela wakho uzoqala ngokubuza ngezimpawu zakho, umlando wokuzula, nanoma yikuphi ukukhombisa okungenzeka kubhaktheriya.

Izivivinyo ezivamile zokuxilonga zihlanganisa:

• Ukukhiqizwa kwegazi, okungabona ibhaktheriya egazini lakho
• Ukukhiqizwa kwezisu ukubona ibhaktheriya ohlelweni lwakho lokugaya ukudla
• Ukukhiqizwa komchamo, nakuba lokhu kungavamile ukuthi kube ngcono
• Ukukhiqizwa kwamathumbu, okuyiqiniso kakhulu kodwa akudingeki njalo
• Izivivinyo ezisheshayo zokuxilonga ezinganika imiphumela esheshayo

Ukukhiqizwa kwegazi kuvame ukuba usizo kakhulu ekuqaleni kwesifo lapho ibhaktheriya ihamba egazini lakho. Njengoba ukutheleleka kuqhubeka, ukukhiqizwa kwezisu kungaba usizo kakhulu ekuxilongweni.

Udokotela wakho angase futhi a-odele ukuhlolwa okuengeziwe ukuhlola izinkinga. Lokhu kungafaka ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuhlola umsebenzi welaphe, umsebenzi wezinkili, kanye nesimo sempilo jikelele. Ngezinye izikhathi izifundo zokubonisa njenge-ultrasounds noma i-CT scans zidingeka uma kukhona ukungabaza izinkinga.

Iyini Ukwelashwa Kwe-Typhoid Fever?

I-Typhoid fever iwelashwa ngama-antibiotic, futhi ukukhetha okukhethekile kuncike ebukhali besifo sakho kanye nesibonakaliso sokumelana nebhaktheriya endaweni yakini. Ukwelashwa kuvame ukuphela izinsuku eziyi-7-14, futhi abantu abaningi baqala ukuzizwa bekhulu ngaphakathi kwezinsuku ezimbalwa beqala ama-antibiotic.

Ukwelashwa okuvamile kwama-antibiotic kuhlanganisa:

• I-Azithromycin, evame ukukhethwa ezimweni ezingapheli
• I-Ciprofloxacin, esebenza kahle ezinhlotsheni eziningi zebhaktheriya
• I-Ceftriaxone, enikezwa ngokuqhafaza ezimweni ezinzima
• I-Chloramphenicol, i-antibiotic endala esasetshenziswa kwezinye izimo

Uma unethiphusi ebuhlungu kakhulu, kungase kudingeke uhlale esibhedlela ukuze uthole ama-antibiotics nge-intravenous kanye nokunakekelwa okuhambisanayo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa izinto ezinomswakama ukuvimbela ukuphelelwa amanzi, imithi yokunciphisa ubushushu, nokubhekwa eduze kwezinkinga.

Udokotela wakho uzogxila futhi ekuphatheni izimpawu zakho nokuvimbela izinkinga. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise imithi yokunciphisa ubushushu nobuhlungu, kanye nokunakekela ngokucophelela izidingo zakho zamanzi nezokudla.

Kubalulekile ukuqeda lonke uhlelo lwama-antibiotics, ngisho noma uqala ukuzizwa kangcono. Ukumisa ukwelashwa ngokushesha kungabangela ukubuyela emuva noma ukuthuthukiswa kwezitshalo zama-antibiotics ezinqabela ukwelashwa.

Indlela Yokwelashwa Ekhaya Ngesikhathi Sethiphusi?

Ngesikhathi ama-antibiotics ebalulekile ekwelapheni ithusi, kunezinto eziningi ongenza ekhaya ukuze usekele ukululama kwakho futhi uphathe izimpawu. Lezi zindlela zokusekela zisebenza kanye nokwelashwa okuqokiwe ukuze kukusize uzizwe kangcono ngokushesha.

Gxila ekuhlaleni unomswakama nasekugcineni amandla akho:

• Phuza amanzi amaningi, kuhlanganise namanzi, ama-broths acacile, kanye nezixazululo zama-electrolyte
• Dla ukudla okuncane, okuvamile kokudla okulula ukulugaya njengorayisi, amabhanana, ne-toast
• Thola ukuphumula okuningi futhi ugweme imisebenzi enzima
• Sebenzisa imithi yokunciphisa ubushushu njenge-acetaminophen njengoba uqondiswe udokotela wakho
• Gcina ulandelela ubushushu bakho kanye nezimpawu zakho ukuze uqaphele intuthuko yakho

Ukuhlanzeka okuhle kubaluleke kakhulu ngesikhathi sokwelashwa ukuvimbela ukusabalalisa ukutheleleka kwabanye. Geza izandla zakho ngokucophelela futhi njalo, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kokusebenzisa igumbi lokugezela nangaphambi kokuphatha ukudla. Gwema ukulungiselela ukudla kwabanye kuze kube yilapho udokotela wakho eqinisekisa ukuthi awusabi isisulu.

Qaphela izimpawu zexwayiso ezingase zibonise ubunzima noma ukukhula kokugula. Xhumana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha uma uthola ubuhlungu obukhulu besisu, ukugabha okuqhubekayo, izimpawu zokulahlekelwa amanzi emzimbeni, noma uma ubushushu bakho bungaphuli ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-2-3 zokwelashwa ngama-antibiotic.

Kufanele Uzilungiselele Kanjani Ukuya Kudokotela?

Ukulungiselela ukuvakashela kwakho kudokotela kungakusiza uqinisekise ukuthi uthola ukuxilongwa okuchane kakhulu nokuphathwa okuqondile. Ukuba nolwazi olufanele okulungile kuzosiza umhlinzeki wakho wezinsizakalo zezempilo ukuthi aqonde isimo sakho ngokushesha nangokuphelele.

Ngaphambi kokubonisana kwakho, buza le mininingwane ebalulekile:

• Uhlu oluqondile lwazo zonke izimpawu zakho nokuthi zaqala nini
• Umbiko wakho wakamuva wokwakha, kufaka phakathi amazwe athile nezikhathi
• Ulwazi mayelana nanoma yiluphi ukudla noma amanzi owawusebenzisa okungenzeka ukuthi lwalungcoliswe
• Ukuthintana nanoma ubani owayegulisiwe ngezimpawu ezifanayo
• Imithi oyisebenzisayo kanye nanoma yiziphi izinto ozithola unayo i-allergy
• Umbiko wakho wokugonywa, ikakhulukazi noma yimaphi ama-vaccine e-typhoid

Gcina idayari yezimpawu uma kungenzeka, ubhale ukufunda kobushushu bakho, lapho izimpawu zibe zimbi noma ziphulukile, nokuthi uzizwa kanjani ngokujwayelekile. Lolu lwazi lusiza udokotela wakho ukuthi aqonde iphethini yokugula kwakho.

Bhala phansi noma imiphi imibuzo ofuna ukuyibuza udokotela. Imibuzo ebalulekile ingafaka ukuthi ukwelashwa kuzothatha isikhathi esingakanani, ukuthi ungabuya nini emisebenzini yakho evamile, nokuthi yiziphi izinyathelo ozodinga ukuzithatha ukuze ugweme ukusabalalisa ukutheleleka kwabanye.

Iyini I-Takeaway Key Mayelana Ne-Typhoid Fever?

I-Typhoid fever iyisifo esibuhlungu kodwa esiphatheka ngokuphelele esisabalala ngokudla namanzi angcolile. Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyikhumbule ukuthi ukuxilongwa kwasekuqaleni nokuphathwa ngama-antibiotic kuholela eziphumeleni ezinhle ezimeni eziningi.

Ukuvimbela yilona thuluzi elihle kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma uhamba ezindaweni lapho i-tayphoid fever ivame khona. Ukuthatha i-vaccine, ukulandela imithetho yokuphepha kokudla namanzi, nokulondoloza ukuhlanzeka okuhle kunganciphisa kakhulu amathuba okuthola le ntshwa.

Uma uthola izimpawu ezinjengomkhuhlane ophezulu, ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu, nobuhlungu besisu, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokuhamba noma ukubhebhetheka okungenzeka, unganqikazi ukufuna ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha. Lapho ukwelashwa kuqala ngokushesha, imiphumela izoba ngcono futhi amathuba okuthola izinkinga azoba mancane.

Ngokunakekelwa okuhle kwezokwelapha, abantu abaningi abane-tayphoid fever bayaphila ngokuphelele phakathi kwamasonto angu-2-4. Okubalulekile ukuqaphela izimpawu ngokushesha, ukuthola ukwelashwa okufanele, nokulandelwa ngokuphelele ikhosi ye-antibiotics udokotela wakho ayibhalile.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana Ne-Typhoid Fever

I-Typhoid fever ihlala isikhathi esingakanani?

Ngokwelashwa okufanele kwe-antibiotic, i-tayphoid fever ivame ukuphela amasonto angu-1-2. Abantu abaningi baqala ukuzizwa bephilile ezinsukwini ezingu-2-3 ngemva kokuqala i-antibiotics, yize ukululama okuphelele kungathatha amasonto angu-3-4. Ngaphandle kokwelashwa, ukugula kungathatha isikhathi eside futhi kube yingozi eyingozi.

Ungayithola yini i-tayphoid fever ngaphezu kwesikhathi esisodwa?

Yebo, ungayithola i-tayphoid fever izikhathi eziningi, yize kungavamile. Ukuba nale ntshwa kanye akukuvimbeli ngokuphelele ukuphila. Noma kunjalo, abantu abaphila nge-tayphoid fever banokuvikelwa okuthile okungenza ukutheleleka kwesikhathi esizayo kube lula.

Ingabe i-tayphoid fever iyadluliseka?

I-Typhoid fever iyadluliseka futhi isakazeka ngendlela ye-fecal-oral, okusho ukuthi amabhaktheriya e-stool eyonakele angonakalisa ukudla noma amanzi. Uyaqabukela kakhulu phakathi nesigaba sokuhlupheka okukhulu, kodwa abanye abantu bangaba nokuqabukela amasonto noma ngisho babe abathwali abangapheliyo ngaphandle kwezimpawu.

I-vaccine ye-tayphoid inamandla kangakanani?

Izimonyo ze-tayphoyid ziyasebenza ngama-50-80% ekuvimbeni lesi sifo. Nakuba zingavikeli ngokuphelele, ukugonywa kunciphisa kakhulu ingozi yakho futhi kungenza ukugula kube lula uma uthola ukutheleleka. Ukuvikelwa kuhlala iminyaka engu-2-3 kwelokugonywa ngomlomo neminyaka engu-2-3 kwelokugonywa ngesibopho.

Yikuphi ukudla okufanele ngikugweme ukuvimba isifo se-tayphoyid?

Uma uhamba ezindaweni ezinengozi ye-tayphoyid, gwema ukudla okungaphekwe noma okuphekwe kabi, ukudla kwabathengisi bamihlambi, izithelo nemifino eluhlaza ongenakukwazi ukuzihlanza wena, imikhiqizo yobisi engaphekwanga, noqhwa noma amanzi avela emithonjeni engathandeki. Namathela emanzini abotshwe, ukudla okuphekwe kahle okushisayo, nezithelo ozihlanza wena.