Ukuqala Kwe-Ulcerative Colitis? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

I-ulcerative colitis yisifo esingapheli somthambo omkhulu esibangela ukuvuvukala nezihlamba ekuqaleni komthambo omkhulu (ikholoni) nerekthamu. Ngokungafani nezinye izimo zokugaya ukudla, lo mlilo uhlala ekuqaleni komthambo wakho futhi ngokuvamile uqala erhekthamu, bese usakazeka phezulu nge-colon.

Lesi simo sithinta abantu abay-1 ku-250 futhi singathuthuka kunoma iyiphi iminyaka, nakuba ngokuvamile kuvela phakathi kweminyaka engu-15 no-30. Ngenkathi i-ulcerative colitis isimo esiphila impilo yonke, abantu abaningi bathola izindlela ezisebenzayo zokulawula izimpawu zabo futhi baphile impilo egcwele, esebenzayo.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-ulcerative colitis?

Izimpawu eziyinhloko ze-ulcerative colitis zihilela ukushintsha ekuhambeni kwesisu kanye nokungakhululeki esiswini. Lezi zimpawu zingaba zibandayo kuya ezinkulu futhi zingafika ziye ngokuqhuma okulandelelwa yizikhathi zokukhululeka.

Nazi izimpawu ezivamile ongazihlangabezana nazo:

• Ukhukhula, ngokuvamile unegazi noma ukhukhu
• Ubuhlungu besisu nokuqina, ngokuvamile ngakwesobunxele
• Isidingo esiphuthumayo sokuya esikhungweni
• Ukuzizwa sengathi awukwazi ukuhlanza ngokuphelele izisu zakho
• Ubuhlungu berhekthamu nokuphuma kwegazi
• Ukukhathala nobuthakathaka
• Ukulahlekelwa ukudla nokunciphisa isisindo okungahloseki
• Ukuqhuma okuncane kwe-fever phakathi nokuqhuma

Abanye abantu nabo bahlangabezana nezimpawu ngaphandle kwesisu sabo. Lokhu kungafaka ubuhlungu bamalunga, izinkinga zesikhumba, ukuvuvukala kwamehlo, noma amaqhubu emlonyeni. Lezi zimpawu ngokuvamile ziyathuthuka uma ukuvuvukala kwesisu kulawulwa kahle.

Ubunzima bezimpawu bungashintsha kakhulu kusuka kumuntu komunye. Abanye abantu banezimpawu ezilula ezingathinti kakhulu impilo yabo yansuku zonke, kanti abanye bahlangabezana nokuqhuma okukhulu okudinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Ziyini izinhlobo ze-ulcerative colitis?

I-ulcerative colitis ihlelwa ngokusekelwe lapho ukuvuvukala kwenzeka khona e-colon yakho. Ukuqonda uhlobo lwakho oluthile kusiza udokotela wakho ukuba akhethe indlela yokwelapha esebenza kahle kakhulu.

Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zihlanganisa:

• Ulcerative proctitis: Ukuvuvukala okuhlanganisiwe erhekthamu, ngokuvamile uhlobo oluthambile
• Left-sided colitis: Ukuvuvukala kusuka erhekthamu kuya ngakwesobunxele se-colon
• Extensive colitis: Ukuvuvukala kuthinta iningi noma lonke i-colon
• Acute severe colitis: Uhlobo olukhulu kodwa olukhulu oluthinta lonke i-colon ngezimpawu ezinkulu

Uhlobo lwakho lungashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Abanye abantu baqala nge-proctitis bese kamuva bathuthukisa isifo esibanzi, kanti abanye bahlala benohlobo olufanayo kulo lonke isimo sabo.

Yini ebangela i-ulcerative colitis?

Imbangela eqondile ye-ulcerative colitis ayiqondakali ngokuphelele, kodwa abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi yathuthuka lapho isimiso sakho sokuvikela umzimba sihlasele ngokungalungile inyama enempilo e-colon yakho. Lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yokuxubana kwezinto zofuzo, ezokuzungezile, nezinto zesimiso sokuvikela umzimba ezisebenza ndawonye.

Izici eziningana zingase zinikeze i-ulcerative colitis:

• I-Genetics: Ukuba namalungu omndeni ane-inflammatory bowel disease kukwandisa ingozi yakho
• Ukusebenza okungalungile kwesistimu sokuvikela umzimba: Isimiso sokuvikela umzimba wakho sihlasele inyama yakho yomthambo
• Izici zokuzungezile: Amabhaktheriya athile, ama-viruses, noma ezinye izinto zingase ziqalise impendulo yokuvikela umzimba
• Ukungahluzeki kwamabhaktheriya omthambo: Ukushintsha kumabhaktheriya ajwayelekile emathunjini akho kungase kudlale indima

Ngokungafani nezimfundiso zasendulo, ukucindezeleka nokudla akuyikubangela i-ulcerative colitis, nakuba kungase kuqalise ukuqhuma kubantu abasenesimo.

Ezinye izici ezimbalwa ezihambisanayo abacwaningi abazihlolisisa zihlanganisa imithi ethile, ukutheleleka kwangaphambili, nokudluliselwa kwezinto eziyingozi zokuzungezile, nakuba le miqondiso ayikapheleli.

Nini okufanele ubona udokotela nge-ulcerative colitis?

Kufanele ubona udokotela uma uhlangabezana nokushintsha okuqhubekayo ekuhambeni kwesisu sakho, ikakhulukazi uma ubona igazi emathunjini akho noma unebuhlungu besisu obuqhubekayo. Ukuxilongwa kwasekuqaleni nokwelashwa kungasiza ukuvimbela izinkinga nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yempilo yakho.

Funani ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha uma une:

• Igazi noma ukhukhu emathunjini akho izinsuku ezimbalwa
• Ukhukhula oluqhubekayo olungathuthuki
• Ubuhlungu besisu obuphazamisa imisebenzi yansuku zonke
• Ukulahlekelwa isisindo okungachazeki noma ukulahlekelwa ukudla
• Ukukhathala okungathuthuki ngokuphumula

Ezinye izimo zidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Yiya ekamelweni ephuthumayo uma uhlangabezana nobuhlungu besisu obukhulu, ukushisa okuphezulu, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, izimpawu zokulahlekelwa amanzi emzimbeni, noma uma uphuma igazi eliningi.

Ngisho noma izimpawu zakho zibonakala zithambile, kufanele uzixoxe nodokotela wakho. Abantu abaningi balinda isikhathi eside kakhulu ukuze bafune usizo, okungase kube yimbangela yezimpawu ezinkulu nezinkinga ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ziyini izici ezingozi ze-ulcerative colitis?

Nakuba noma ubani angathuthukisa i-ulcerative colitis, izici ezithile zingase zikhulise amathuba akho okukhula kwalesi simo. Ukuqonda lezi zici ezingozi kungakusiza ukuthi uqaphele izimpawu kwasekuqaleni futhi ufunane ukunakekelwa okufanele.

Izici eziyinhloko ezingozi zihlanganisa:

• Iminyaka: Ngokuvamile yathuthuka phakathi kweminyaka engu-15-30, ngenhla enkulu ecishe ibe yiminyaka engu-50-70
• Umlando womndeni: Ukuba nomzali, umfowethu, noma ingane enesifo somthambo oluvuvukayo
• Ubuzwe: Ngokuvamile kubantu abavela ebuzwini lamaJuda, nakuba kulima abantu bazo zonke izizwe
• I-Geography: Ngokuvamile emazweni athuthukile nasezindaweni zasemadolobheni
• Ukukhipha i-appendix: Ngokuthakazelisayo, ukukhipha i-appendix yakho kungase kunciphisa kancane ingozi

Ezinye izici ezingavamile ezingozi ezifundwa zihlanganisa imithi ethile efana ne-NSAIDs (imithi yokulwa nokuvuvukala engapheli), izici ze-hormonal, kanye nezindlela zokudla ezithile, nakuba le miqondiso ayiqinisekiswanga.

Ukuba nezici ezingozi akusho ukuthi uzokhula ngokuqinisekile i-ulcerative colitis. Abantu abaningi abanezici eziningi ezingozi abakhulumi lesi simo, kanti abanye abangenazo izici ezingabonakali bayakwenza.

Ziyini izinkinga ezingase zenzeke nge-ulcerative colitis?

Nakuba abantu abaningi abane-ulcerative colitis balawula isimo sabo ngempumelelo, kubalulekile ukuqonda izinkinga ezingase zenzeke ukuze ukwazi ukusebenza neqembu lakho lokukhathalela impilo ukuze uzivimbele. Izinkinga eziningi zingagwemeka ngokwelashwa okulungile nokulandelela.

Izinkinga ezivamile zihlanganisa:

• Ukuphuma kwegazi okukhulu: Ukulahlekelwa igazi okuqhubekayo kungase kube yimbangela ye-anemia
• Ukushona kwamanzi emzimbeni: Kusuka ekuqhubekeni kokukhukhula nokunciphisa ukungenisa amanzi
• Ukulahlekelwa amathambo: Ngenxa yokuvuvukala nemithi ethile
• Ukungena kwezifo okwandayo: Kusuka emithini ecindezela isimiso sakho sokuvikela umzimba
• Izinkinga zesikhumba, amehlo, namalunga: Ukuvuvukala okuthinta amanye amalunga omzimba wakho

Izinkinga ezingavamile kodwa ezinzima zidinga ukunakekelwa ngokushesha. Lokhu kuhlanganisa i-toxic megacolon (ukuvuvukala okubi kwe-colon), ukuqhekeka komthambo, nokushona kwamanzi emzimbeni okukhulu okungase kube yimbangela yezinkinga zezinso.

Isikhathi eside, abantu abane-ulcerative colitis ebanzi banezingozi ezincane zokukhula komdlavuza we-colon, ikakhulukazi uma isifo siye saba seminyaka eminingi. Ukuhlolwa okuqhubekayo kwe-colonoscopy kusiza ukuthola noma yikuphi ukushintsha kwasekuqaleni lapho kulula khona ukwelashwa.

I-ulcerative colitis ingavikeleka kanjani?

Ngeshwa, ayikho indlela eqinisekisiwe yokuvimbela i-ulcerative colitis njengoba ithonywe kakhulu izinto zofuzo nezinto zesimiso sokuvikela umzimba esingazilawuli. Noma kunjalo, ungathatha izinyathelo zokunciphisa ingozi yokuqhuma uma usuvele unesimo.

Nakuba ukuvimbela akunakwenzeka, ezinye izinto zokuphila zingasiza ekuqedeni ubukhulu bokuqhuma:

• Ukulawula ukucindezeleka ngezindlela zokupumula, ukuzivocavoca, noma ukwelashwa
• Ukudla ukudla okulinganiselayo nokubona ukudla okuqalayo
• Ukuzivocavoca njalo ukuze usekele ukusebenza okujwayelekile kwesistimu sokuvikela umzimba
• Ungabhemi (ukubhema kungase kube yimbangela yokukhula kwezimpawu ze-ulcerative colitis)
• Ukuthatha imithi njengoba kuyalelwe, ngisho nasezikhathini ezingenazo izimpawu

Abanye abantu bathola ukuthi ukugcina idayari yokudla nezimpawu kubasiza ukuthi babone izindlela nezinto ezingase ziqalise izimpawu zabo. Lolu lwazi lungaba lubalulekile eqenjini lakho lokukhathalela impilo ekwakheni uhlelo lwakho lokwelapha.

Iqhinga elibaluleke kakhulu 'lokuvimbela' ukusebenza eduze neqembu lakho lokukhathalela impilo ukuze ulawule isimo sakho ngempumelelo futhi uthole noma yikuphi ukushintsha kwasekuqaleni.

I-ulcerative colitis ixilongwa kanjani?

Ukuxilonga i-ulcerative colitis kuhilela izinyathelo eziningana ngoba akukho ukuhlolwa olulodwa olukhona oluqinisekisa isimo. Udokotela wakho uzohlanganisa umlando wakho wezokwelapha, ukuhlolwa komzimba, kanye nokuhlolwa okuhlukahlukene ukuze enze ukuxilongwa okuchaneka.

Inqubo yokuxilonga ngokuvamile ihlanganisa:

• Umlando wezokwelapha nokuhlolwa komzimba: Ukuxoxa ngezimpawu zakho nomlando womndeni
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Ukubheka i-anemia, izimpawu zokuvuvukala, nokuvimbela ukutheleleka
• Izihlangano ze-stool: Ukuhlolwa kokutheleleka, igazi, nezibonakaliso zokuvuvukala
• I-Colonoscopy: Ukubona ngqo umugqa we-colon wakho ngezihlangano ze-tissue
• I-CT noma i-MRI scans: Ukubona ukuthi ukuvuvukala kuye kwandisa kangakanani

I-colonoscopy ngokuvamile iwukuvivinya okubaluleke kakhulu ngoba kuvumela udokotela wakho ukuba abone iphethini yokuvuvukala ye-ulcerative colitis futhi avikele ezinye izimo ezifana ne-Crohn's disease noma umdlavuza we-colon.

Ngezinye izikhathi ukuxilongwa kuthatha isikhathi, ikakhulukazi uma izimpawu zakho zithambile noma zifana nezinye izimo zokugaya ukudla. Udokotela wakho angase adinge ukuphakamisa ezinye izivivinyo noma azama izindlela ezahlukene ukuze athole isithombe esicacile sokuthi kwenzekani.

Yini ukwelashwa kwe-ulcerative colitis?

Ukwelashwa kwe-ulcerative colitis kugxile ekuqedeni ukuvuvukala, ukulawula izimpawu, nokusiza ukufeza nokugcina ukukhululeka. Uhlelo lwakho lokwelapha luzokwenziwa ngokusekelwe ezimpawu zakho ezithile, ubukhulu besifo sakho, nokuthi uphendula kanjani emithini ehlukene.

Izindlela zokwelapha ezivamile zihlanganisa:

• Imithi yokulwa nokuvuvukala: Ama-aminosalicylates (njenge-mesalamine) ukuqeda ukuvuvukala
• Ama-Corticosteroids: Ngokuqhuma okulinganiselwe kuya okukhulu, asebenza isikhathi esifushane
• Imithi yokunciphisa amandla omzimba: Imithi ezothula isimiso sakho sokuvikela umzimba esebenza kakhulu
• I-Biologic therapies: Ukwelashwa okuqondiswe ngqo okuvimbela izindlela ezithile zokuvuvukala
• I-JAK inhibitors: Imithi emisha yomlomo eqeda ukuvuvukala

Abantu abaningi baqala ngemithi ephansi bese beqhubekela kwemithi enamandla uma kudingeka. Udokotela wakho uzokulandela eduze ukuze athole ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo ngezinzuzo ezimbalwa.

Ezimeni ezingavamile lapho imithi ingasebenzi khona noma izinkinga zithuthuka, ukucutshungulwa kokususa i-colon ne-rectum kungase kunconywe. Nakuba lokhu kuyisiguli esikhulu, kungase kube yindlela yokwelapha futhi kuvumele abantu ukuba baphile impilo engenazo izimpawu.

Indlela yokulawula i-ulcerative colitis ekhaya?

Ukulawula ekhaya kudlala indima ebalulekile ekulawuleni izimpawu ze-ulcerative colitis nokuvimbela ukuqhuma. Nakuba imithi ibalulekile, imikhuba yakho yansuku zonke nezindlela zokunakekela ngokwakho zingathinta kakhulu indlela ozizwa ngayo.

Izindlela zokulawula ekhaya ezisebenzayo zihlanganisa:

• Ukushintsha kokudla: Ukugwema ukudla okuqalayo phakathi nokuqhuma, ukudla ukudla okuncane okuvamile
• Ukulawula ukucindezeleka: Ukuzivocavoca njalo, ukucamngca, noma i-yoga ukuze kunciphisa amazinga okucindezeleka
• Ukungenisa amanzi okwanele: Ukunisela amanzi amaningi, ikakhulukazi phakathi nezikhathi zokukhukhula
• Ukuhlangana kahle kwemithi: Ukuthatha imithi eyalelwe njalo, ngisho noma uzizwa kahle
• Ukuhlanzeka kokulala: Ukuthola amahora angu-7-8 okulala okuhle ukuze usekele ukusebenza kwesistimu sokuvikela umzimba

Gcina idayari yezimpawu ukuze uqaphele ukuthi yikuphi ukudla, imisebenzi, noma izinto ezingase ziqalise izimpawu zakho. Lolu lwazi lukusiza wena neqembu lakho lokukhathalela impilo ukwenza izinqumo ezinhle zokwelapha.

Phakathi nokuqhuma, gxila ekudleni okuthambile, okulula ukukugaya futhi ugweme ukudla okunefayibha eningi, okunoshukela, noma okunefutha okungase kuqalise amathumbu akho. Ama-probiotics angasiza abanye abantu, nakuba kufanele uxoxe nodokotela wakho kuqala.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani i-aphoyintimenti yakho yodokotela?

Ukulungiselela i-aphoyintimenti yakho yodokotela kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola okuningi kakhulu ekuhambeni kwakho futhi kunikeze iqembu lakho lokukhathalela impilo ulwazi olulidinga ukuze likusize ngempumelelo. Ukulungiselela okuhle kungasindisa isikhathi futhi kube yimbangela yokunakekelwa okuhle.

Ngaphambi kwe-aphoyintimenti yakho, buza ulwazi olulandelayo:

• Uhlu oluphelele lwezimpawu zakho, kufaka phakathi ukuthi zaqala nini nokuthi zivele kangaki
• Yonke imithi oyithatha njengamanje, kufaka phakathi izithasiselo nemithi yokuthengwa ngaphandle kwelayisensi
• Umlando wakho womndeni wezokwelapha, ikakhulukazi noma yikuphi ukugaya ukudla noma izimo zokuvikela umzimba
• Uhlu lwemibuzo ofuna ukuyibuza udokotela wakho
• Noma yikuphi ukucutshungulwa kwangaphambili noma amarekhodi wezokwelapha ahlobene nezimpawu zakho

Cabanga ukugcina idayari yezimpawu isonto noma amabili ngaphambi kwe-aphoyintimenti yakho. Qaphela ukuthi yini oyidlayo, amazinga akho okucindezeleka, nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ozibona. Lolu lwazi lungasiza ekutholeni izindlela udokotela wakho adinga ukuzazi.

Ungangabazi ukuletha umngani othembekile noma ilungu lomndeni e-aphoyintimenti yakho. Bangakusiza ukuba ukhumbule ulwazi olubalulekile futhi banikeze ukwesekwa ngokomzwelo phakathi kwalokho okungase kube yikuvakasha okucindezelayo.

Yini eyinhloko nge-ulcerative colitis?

I-ulcerative colitis yisimo esingapheli esilawuleka esithinta wonke umuntu ngokuhlukile. Nakuba ukuthola lokhu kuxilongwa kungase kuzwakale kukucindezela, khumbula ukuthi abantu abaningi abane-ulcerative colitis baphila impilo egcwele, esebenzayo ngokwelashwa okulungile nokunakekela ngokwabo.

Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okumele uzikhumbule ukuthi ukuxilongwa kwasekuqaleni nokwelashwa kuthuthukisa imiphumela kakhulu, futhi ukusebenza eduze neqembu lakho lokukhathalela impilo kukusiza ukuthola ukuxubana okulungile kwemithi nezindlela zokuphila ezifanele isimo sakho esithile.

Ukwelashwa kwamanje kuye kwaguqula umbono wabantu abane-ulcerative colitis. Ngemithi yamanje nezindlela zokulawula, abantu abaningi bangafinyelela nokugcina ukukhululeka, ukuvimbela izinkinga nokugcina ikhwalithi yempilo yabo.

Hlala unethemba futhi uhlale uxhumene neqembu lakho lokukhathalela impilo. I-ulcerative colitis yiyona ndlela, kodwa awudingi ukuhamba yodwa.

Imibuzo evamile ebuzwa nge-ulcerative colitis

Ingabe i-ulcerative colitis ifana ne-Crohn's disease?

Cha, nakuba zombili zizifo zomthambo oluvuvukayo, zizimo ezahlukene. I-ulcerative colitis ithinta kuphela umugqa wangaphakathi we-colon ne-rectum, kanti i-Crohn's disease ingathinta noma iyiphi ingxenye yomthambo wokugaya ukudla futhi ihilele izigaba ezijulile zodonga lomthambo. Izimpawu nokwelashwa kungafana, kodwa indlela ethile ingase ihluke.

Ingabe ukudla kungaphilisa i-ulcerative colitis?

Ukudla kudwa akukwazi ukwelapha i-ulcerative colitis, kodwa kungasiza ekulawuleni izimpawu nokusekela uhlelo lwakho lokwelapha olujwayelekile. Nakuba ayikho 'i-ulcerative colitis diet' eyodwa, abantu abaningi bathola ukuthi ukugwema ukudla okuqalayo phakathi nokuqhuma kusiza ekuqedeni izimpawu. Sebenzani nodokotela wakho noma umqeqeshi wokudla obhalisiwe ukuze wakhe uhlelo lokudla olusebenza ngawe.

Ingabe ngizodinga ukucutshungulwa nge-ulcerative colitis?

Abantu abaningi abane-ulcerative colitis balawula isimo sabo ngempumelelo ngemithi futhi abadingi ukucutshungulwa. Ukucutshungulwa ngokuvamile kucabangelwa kuphela lapho imithi ingasebenzi khona, izinkinga zithuthuka, noma othile ekhetha ukucutshungulwa ukuze agweme ukusebenzisa imithi isikhathi eside. Uma kudingeka, ukucutshungulwa kungase kube yindlela yokwelapha i-ulcerative colitis.

Ingabe ngingaba nezingane uma ngine-ulcerative colitis?

Yebo, abantu abaningi abane-ulcerative colitis banezimo zokukhulelwa ezempilo nezingane. Noma kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuhlela ukukhulelwa ngokucophelela neqembu lakho lokukhathalela impilo ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi isimo sakho silawulwa kahle futhi imithi yakho iphephile phakathi kokukhulelwa. Ezinye imithi ingase idinge ukulungiswa, kodwa iningi lingaqhubeka liphephile.

Ingabe i-ulcerative colitis iyefa?

Nakuba i-ulcerative colitis inxenye yofuzo, ayidluliselwa ngokuqondile njengezinye izimo. Ukuba nelungu lomndeni elinesifo somthambo oluvuvukayo kukwandisa ingozi yakho, kodwa abantu abaningi abane-ulcerative colitis abanawo amalungu omndeni athintekile. Uma unesimo, izingane zakho zinezingozi ezincane, kodwa iningi aliyikulithola.