Izipolyps Zesibeletho: Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelapha

Izipolyps zesibeletho ziyizikhula ezincane, ezithambile ezikhula ekuqaleni kwesibeletho sakho, okuthiwa yi-endometrium. Cabanga ngazo njengeziprojections ezincane, ezifana neminwe ezihlanganisa udonga lwesibeletho, njengezibalo ezincane esikhonkwini.

Lezi zikhula ziyajwayelekile futhi ngokuvamile azinama-cancer. Abesifazane abaningi abathuthukisa izipolyps zesibeletho bangazilawula ngokuphumelelayo ngokunakekelwa okufanele kwezokwelapha, futhi abaningi abaziqapheli ukuthi banazo kuze kube yisikhathi sokukheka okujwayelekile.

Ziyini izimpawu zezipolyps zesibeletho?

Abesifazane abaningi abanezipolyps zesibeletho abanawo noma yimiphi impawu, kungakho ngokuvamile zitholakala ngesikhathi sokukheka okujwayelekile kwezokwelapha. Kodwa-ke, uma izimpawu zivele, ngokuvamile zihilela ukuguqulwa kwesikhathi sakho sokuya esikhathini.

Nazi izimpawu ezivame kakhulu ongaziqaphela:

• Ukuphuza igazi okungajwayelekile noma izikhathi zokuba sesikhathini ezihlukahlukene ubude nokugeleza kwazo
• Ukuphuza igazi okukhulu esikhathini okunyakazisa ngokushesha ama-pads noma ama-tampons
• Ukuphuza igazi phakathi kwezikhathi zokuba sesikhathini noma ukukhanya ngezikhathi ezingalindelekile
• Ukuphuza igazi ngemva kokuphela kwesikhathi sokuya esikhathini, okufanele kuhlale kuhlolwa udokotela
• Izikhathi zokuba sesikhathini ezinde kunokujwayelekile, zidedele ngaphezu kwesikhathi sakho esijwayelekile
• Ubunzima bokuthola umbeletho noma izinkinga zokungakhulekeli

Abanye abesifazane nabo baye baba nobuhlungu noma ubuhlungu emathunjini, nakuba lokhu kungavamile. Izimpawu zingaba zinobukhulu ekuqaleni, ngakho kubalulekile ukunaka izinguquko emzimbeni wakho futhi uxoxe ngazo nodokotela wakho.

Ziyini izinhlobo zezipolyps zesibeletho?

Izipolyps zesibeletho zihlukaniswe ngokusekelwe endaweni yazo ngaphakathi kwesibeletho sakho nendlela yazo yeselula. Ukuqonda lezi zinhlobo kungakusiza ukuba uxoxe kangcono ngesimo sakho nodokotela wakho.

Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zihlanganisa:

• Izipolyps ze-endometrial: Uhlobo oluvamile kakhulu, olukhula e-endometrial tissue ehlanganisa isibeletho sakho
• Izipolyps ze-cervical: Zikhula e-cervix kunokuba ngaphakathi kwesibeletho
• Izipolyps ze-Pedunculated: Zihlanganiswe odongeni lwesibeletho ngesikhonkwane esincinyane, okuvumela ukuba zihambe khululekile
• Izipolyps ze-Sessile: Zihlanganiswe ngqo odongeni lwesibeletho ngesisekelo esibanzi

Izipolyps eziningi zincinyane, kusukela ema-millimeter ambalwa kuya kuma-sentimitha ambalwa ngobukhulu. Ngokungavamile, ezinye zingakhula kakhulu, kodwa lokhu akwenzi ngempela zibe yinkathazo ngokwempilo.

Yini ebangela izipolyps zesibeletho?

Imbangela eqondile yezipolyps zesibeletho ayiqondakali ngokuphelele, kodwa kubonakala sengathi ihlobene kakhulu nezinguquko ze-hormonal emzimbeni wakho. I-Estrogen, i-hormone esiza ukwenza ubukhulu besibhebhe sakho sesibhebhe njalo ngenyanga, kubonakala sengathi idlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni kwazo.

Izici eziningana zingase zibe nomthelela ekwakheni i-polyp:

• Ukuhlukahluka kwe-hormonal, ikakhulukazi amazinga aphezulu e-estrogen
• Izinqubo ezihlobene nobudala, njengoba izipolyps ziyanda ngokuvamile eminyakeni engu-40 no-50
• Ukuvuvukala okuqhubekayo kwesibeletho
• Imithi ethile, ikakhulukazi i-tamoxifen esetshenziswa ekwelapheni i-cancer yesifuba
• Ukuphindaphindeka kwegazi, okungase kuthonye ukugeleza kwegazi kwesibeletho

Kwezinye izimo ezingavamile, izici ze-genetic noma izimo eziyisisekelo njenge-Lynch syndrome zingase zikhulise ingozi yakho. Noma kunjalo, kwabesifazane abaningi, izipolyps zikhula ngaphandle kwanoma yimuphi umbangela oqondile, futhi lokhu kuyinto evamile ngokuphelele.

Nini okufanele ubona udokotela ngezipolyps zesibeletho?

Kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho uma uqaphela noma yiziphi izinguquko ezingajwayelekile esikhathini sakho sokuya esikhathini noma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezikukhathazayo. Ukukheka kwasekuqaleni kungasiza ekulungiseni izinkinga ngaphambi kokuba zibe nzima kakhulu.

Ngokuqondile, xhumana nodokotela wakho uma uhlangabezana nalokhu okulandelayo:

• Noma yikuphi ukuphuza igazi ngemva kokuphela kwesikhathi sokuya esikhathini, ngisho nokukhanya
• Izikhathi zokuba sesikhathini ezinkulu eziphazamisa imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke
• Ukuphuza igazi phakathi kwezikhathi zokuba sesikhathini okuphela usuku olulodwa noma amabili
• Izikhathi zokuba sesikhathini ezide kunezinsuku eziyisikhombisa ngokuqhubekayo
• Ubunzima bokuthola umbeletho ngemva kokuzimisela izinyanga eziningana
• Ubuhlungu obukhulu noma ubuhlungu emathunjini ngesikhathi sesikhathi sakho

Ungalindi uma uhlangabezana nokuphuza igazi ngemva kokuphela kwesikhathi sokuya esikhathini, njengoba lokhu kuhlale kudinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Nakuba ngokuvamile kubangelwa izimbangela ezingenangozi njengezipolyps, kubalulekile ukuqeda ezinye izimo ngokuhlolwa okufanele.

Ziyini izici ezikhulayo zezingozi zezipolyps zesibeletho?

Ukuqonda izici zakho ezikhulayo zezingozi kungakusiza uhlale uqaphele izimpawu ezingase zivele futhi ugcine ukunakekelwa okujwayelekile kwezokwelapha. Izici eziningi ezikhulayo zezingozi zihilelekile nethonya le-hormonal ekuphileni kwakho konke.

Izici ezivamile ezikhulayo zezingozi zihlanganisa:

• Ukuba phakathi kweminyaka engu-40-50, lapho izinguquko ze-hormonal ziqala ukubonakala
• Ukuba unesisindo esingaphezulu, njengoba amanoni omzimba angaphezulu angase akhulise ukukhiqizwa kwe-estrogen
• Ukuthatha i-hormone replacement therapy noma imithi ethile ye-cancer yesifuba
• Ukuba nokuphakama kwegazi noma isifo sikashukela
• Ukuba awukaze ukhulelwe, okuthonya ukukhishwa kwe-hormone ekuphileni kwakho konke
• Ukuba nomlando wezinye izimo zesibhebhe

Izici ezingavamile ezikhulayo zezingozi zihlanganisa izimo ze-genetic njenge-Lynch syndrome noma i-Cowden syndrome, ezingase zikwenze ube sengozini yezinhlangahlangano eziningi. Noma kunjalo, ukuba nezici ezikhulayo zezingozi akusho ukuthi uzokuthuthukisa ngokuqinisekile izipolyps, futhi abesifazane abaningi abangenazo izici ezikhulayo zezingozi basathuthukisa.

Ziyini izinhlanganisela ezingase zivele zezipolyps zesibeletho?

Izipolyps eziningi zesibeletho azinama-cancer futhi zibangela izinhlanganisela ezincane, kodwa kuwusizo ukuqonda ukuthi yiziphi izinkinga ezingase zivele. Iningi lezinhlanganisela lilawuleka ngokunakekelwa okufanele kwezokwelapha.

Izinhlanganisela ezingase zivele zihlanganisa:

• I-anemia evela ekuphuzweni kwegazi okukhulu, okungase kubangele ukukhathala nobuthakathaka
• Izinkinga zokukhulelwa, njengoba izipolyps zingase zihlanganise ukufakwa kwesibhebhe
• Ukulahlekelwa okuqhubekayo kokukhulelwa kwezinye izimo
• Ukuphuza igazi okungajwayelekile okuqhubekayo okuthonya ikhwalithi yokuphila

Kwezinye izimo ezingavamile, izipolyps zingase ziguqulwe zibe yi-malignant, zibe yi-cancer. Lokhu kwenzeka ngaphansi kuka-1% yezimo futhi kuvame kakhulu kwabesifazane abasekupheleni kwesikhathi sokuya esikhathini. Ukulandelela okujwayelekile nokuphathwa okufanele kungasiza ukuvimbela izinhlanganisela ezinkulu.

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ngokunakekelwa okufanele kwezokwelapha, izinhlanganisela eziningi ziyavimbeka noma zilula ukwelapha uma zivele.

Izipolyps zesibeletho zingavimbeka kanjani?

Nakuba ungakwazi ukuvimbela ngokuphelele izipolyps zesibeletho, ungathatha izinyathelo zokunciphisa ingozi yakho nokuthuthukisa impilo yakho yonke yokuzala. Gxila ekugcineni ibhalansi ye-hormonal nempilo yonke.

Amasu awusizo okuvimbela ahlanganisa:

• Ukugcina isisindo esinempilo ngokudla okulinganiselayo nokuzivocavoca okujwayelekile
• Ukulawula ukuphakama kwegazi nesisifo sikashukela uma unezi zimo
• Ukuxoxa ngezinketho ze-hormone therapy ngokucophelela nodokotela wakho
• Ukuhlala usesikhathini ngokukheka okujwayelekile kwezokwelapha
• Ukulawula ukucindezeleka, okungase kuthonye ibhalansi ye-hormonal

Ucwaningo oluthile lusikisela ukuthi izici ezithile zokuphila njengokuzivocavoca okujwayelekile nokudla okunama-fruits nama-vegetables amaningi kungasiza ekugcineni ibhalansi ye-hormonal. Noma kunjalo, khumbula ukuthi izipolyps zingase zikhule ngisho nangesimo sempilo esinempilo kakhulu, ngakho ungazisola uma zivele.

Izipolyps zesibeletho zitholakala kanjani?

Ukuthola izipolyps zesibeletho ngokuvamile kuhilela ukuxoxa ngezimpawu zakho nokusebenzisa izindlela zokubuka izithombe noma izindlela zokubuka ngqo. Udokotela wakho uzoqala ngomlando wezokwelapha ophelele nokukheka komzimba.

Izindlela ezivamile zokuxilonga zihlanganisa:

• I-transvaginal ultrasound ukubuka isibeletho nokubona izikhula
• I-Hysteroscopy, lapho ikhamera encane ifakwa khona ukubuka ngaphakathi kwesibeletho sakho
• I-Endometrial biopsy ukuhlola i-tissue
• I-Saline infusion sonohysterography, esebenzisa i-fluid ukuthuthukisa i-ultrasound imaging

Inqubo yokuxilonga ngokuvamile ilula futhi ngokuvamile ingapheleliswa ehhovisi lika-dokotela wakho. I-Hysteroscopy ibhekwa njengendlela engcono kakhulu ngoba ivumela ukubuka ngqo futhi ingaba yindlela yokuxilonga nokwelapha.

Kwezinye izimo ezingavamile lapho izimpawu ziqhubeka naphezu kokuhlolwa okujwayelekile kokuqala, udokotela wakho angase akukhuthaze ukwenza i-MRI imaging noma ukuphinda izinqubo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi akukho lutho olulahlekile.

Yikuphi ukwelapha kwezipolyps zesibeletho?

Ukwelapha izipolyps zesibeletho kuncike ezimpawini zakho, ebudeni bakho, nokuthi uzimisele yini ukuthola umbeletho. Izipolyps eziningi ezincane, ezingenazo izimpawu zingalandelelwa nje ngaphandle kokungenelela ngokushesha.

Izinketho zakho zokwelapha zingase zihlanganise:

• Ukulinda nokulinda: Ukulandelela izipolyps ezincane, ezingenazo izimpawu ngokukheka okujwayelekile
• Imithi: I-hormonal treatments ukulawula izimpawu zokopha igazi okwesikhashana
• I-Hysteroscopic polypectomy: Ukususa izipolyps ngokusebenzisa inqubo encane
• I-Dilation and curettage (D&C): Ukukhipha isibeletho ukususa izipolyps

I-Hysteroscopic polypectomy ngokuvamile iyindlela yokwelapha ekhethwayo ngoba incinyane futhi ivumela ukususwa okuphelele ngenkathi igcina i-tissue enempilo. Le nqubo ngokuvamile yenziwa njengokuhlinzwa kwabaphethwe ngaphandle kwesikhathi esincane sokuphulukisa.

Kwezinye izimo ezingavamile ezihilela izipolyps ezinkulu kakhulu noma ukukhathazeka nge-cancer, izinqubo eziningi zingase zibe yizona ezidingekayo, kodwa lokhu akuvamile futhi kuzoxoxwa nawe ngokucophelela ngaphambi kwesikhathi.

Ungazilawula kanjani izimpawu ekhaya ngesikhathi sezipolyps zesibeletho?

Nakuba ukwelapha kwezokwelapha kulungisa izipolyps ngokwazo, ungathatha izinyathelo ekhaya ukulawula izimpawu nokuthuthukisa impilo yakho yonke. Gxila ezinyathelweni zokunethezeka nokunciphisa izimpawu.

Amasu awusizo okulawula ekhaya ahlanganisa:

• Ukusebenzisa ama-heating pads noma ama-baths afudumele ukuqeda ubuhlungu nobuhlungu emathunjini
• Ukuthatha imithi yokunciphisa ubuhlungu njenge-ibuprofen ubuhlungu nokuvuvukala
• Ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo efanele yesikhathi sokuya esikhathini ukuphuza igazi okukhulu, kuhlanganise nama-pads obusi
• Ukudla ukudla okunama-iron amaningi ukusiza ukuvimbela i-anemia evela ekulahlekelweni kwegazi
• Ukuphumula ngokwanele, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sezikhathi zokopha igazi ezinkulu
• Ukulandelela izimpawu zakho ukuze uzixoxe nodokotela wakho

Ukuzivocavoca okuthambile njengokuhamba noma i-yoga kungasiza futhi ekulawuleni ukucindezeleka nokuthuthukisa impilo yonke. Noma kunjalo, gwema umsebenzi onzima ngesikhathi sezikhathi zokopha igazi ezinkulu ukuvimbela ukukhathala okukhulu.

Khumbula ukuthi ukulawula ekhaya kufanele kuhambisane, kungabi yisikhombisi, sokukheka kwezokwelapha. Landela njalo izeluleko zika-dokotela wakho zokwelapha nokulandelela.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani i-appointment yakho yokuya kudokotela?

Ukuba ulungile nge-appointment yakho kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola ukuxilongwa okuchane kakhulu nenqubo efanele yokwelapha. Ukulungiselela okuhle kusiza futhi uzizwe ukhulu futhi uhileleke ekunakekelweni kwakho.

Ngaphambi kwendwendwelo yakho, buza ulwazi olulandelayo:

• Umbhalo ophelele wesikhathi sokuya esikhathini, kuhlanganise ubude besikhathi, ubukhulu bokugeleza, nanoma yiziphi izinto ezingajwayelekile
• Uhlu lwemithi yonke nezinye izinto ozithathayo
• Amanothi mayelana nokuthi izimpawu zaqala nini nokuthi ziguquke kanjani
• Umbhalo wakho wezokwelapha, kuhlanganise nezinqubo zangaphambili zezokwelapha
• Imibuzo ofuna ukuyibuza mayelana nokuxilongwa nezinketho zokwelapha

Cabanga ukugcina idayari yesikhathi sokuya esikhathini izinyanga ezimbalwa ngaphambi kwe-appointment yakho, ubhale izindlela zokopha igazi, amazinga obuhlungu, nezinye izimpawu. Ulwazi olukhulu ekusisizeni udokotela wakho ukuqonda isimo sakho.

Ungangabazi ukuletha umngane othembekile noma ilungu lomndeni ukwesekwa, ikakhulukazi uma uzizwa ukhathazekile nge-appointment noma izinqubo ezingase zivele.

Yini eyinhloko mayelana nezipolyps zesibeletho?

Izipolyps zesibeletho ziyajwayelekile, ngokuvamile izikhula ezingenangozi eziningi abesifazane abazithola ngaphandle kwezinhlanganisela ezinkulu. Nakuba zingase zibangele izimpawu ezicasulayo njengokuphuza igazi okungajwayelekile, ukwelapha okuphumelelayo kukhona ukulungisa kokubili izipolyps nezimpawu zazo.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyikhumbule ukuthi ukubona kwasekuqaleni nokukheka okufanele kwezokwelapha kuholela emiphumeleni engcono kakhulu. Abesifazane abaningi abanezipolyps zesibeletho baqhubeka bephila impilo evamile, enempilo ngemva kokwelapha.

Ungavumeli ukwesaba noma ukuhlanya kukuvimbele ekuphishekeleni ukunakekelwa uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu. Udokotela wakho ulapho ukukusiza ukuhamba ngalesi simo ngobubele nobuchwepheshe, futhi ufanele uzizwe ukhululekile futhi ulwazi kulo lonke inqubo.

Imibuzo evamile ebuzwayo mayelana nezipolyps zesibeletho

Izipolyps zesibeletho zingase ziguquke zibe yi-cancer?

Nakuba iningi lezipolyps zesibeletho lihlala lingena-cancer kulo lonke ukuphila kwalo, izingxenye ezincane kakhulu zingase zithuthukise izinguquko ze-cancer. Lokhu kwenzeka ngaphansi kuka-1% yezimo futhi kuvame kakhulu kwabesifazane abasekupheleni kwesikhathi sokuya esikhathini. Ukulandelela okujwayelekile nokuphathwa okufanele kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi noma yiziphi izinguquko ezicasulayo zitholakala kwasekuqaleni, lapho zilula khona ukwelapha.

Ukususa izipolyps zesibeletho kuzophendula yini ikhono lami lokuthola umbeletho?

Ukususa izipolyps zesibeletho ngokuvamile kuthuthukisa ukukhulelwa kunokulilimaza. Izipolyps zingase zihlanganise ukufakwa kwesibhebhe futhi zibangele ukulahlekelwa kokukhulelwa okuqhubekayo, ngakho ukususwa kwazo ngokuvamile kusiza abesifazane ukuthola umbeletho. Izindlela zokususa ezincane ngokuvamile azilimazi i-tissue enempilo yesibhebhe, zigcina amandla akho okuzala.

Ukuphulukisa kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ngemva kokususwa kwe-polyp?

Ukuphulukisa ngokususa i-hysteroscopic polyp ngokuvamile kuyashesha kakhulu, ngabesifazane abaningi ababuyela emisebenzini yabo evamile ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Ungase uhlangabezane nokuphuza igazi okukhanya noma ukukhanya amasonto amabili, futhi udokotela wakho angase akukhuthaze ukugwema ama-tampons, ukugcoba, noma ubuhlobo bobulili ngesikhathi sokuphulukisa. Ukuphulukisa okuphelele ngokuvamile kwenzeka phakathi kwamasonto angu-2-4.

Izipolyps zesibeletho zihlale zibangela ukuphuza igazi okukhulu?

Akuzona zonke izipolyps zesibeletho ezingabangela ukuphuza igazi okukhulu, futhi abesifazane abaningi abanawo noma yimiphi impawu. Uma izimpawu zivele, zingase zihluke kusukela ekuphuzweni kwegazi okukhanya phakathi kwezikhathi zokuba sesikhathini kuya ekugelezeni okukhulu kakhulu kwesikhathi sokuya esikhathini. Ubukhulu, indawo, nenani lezipolyps konke kuthonya ukuthi zithinta kanjani izindlela zakho zokopha igazi.

Izipolyps zesibeletho zingabuya yini ngemva kokususwa?

Nakuba ukususwa kwe-polyp ngokuvamile kuphumelela kakhulu, izipolyps ezintsha zingase zikhule ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ikakhulukazi uma izici ze-hormonal eziyisisekelo zingashintshi. Amanani okuphindaphinda ahlukahlukene, kodwa ucwaningo lusikisela ukuthi i-10-15% yabesifazane ingase ithuthukise izipolyps ezintsha phakathi neminyaka embalwa. Ukulandelela okujwayelekile kusiza ukulandelela noma yikuphi ukukhula okusha nokulungisa ngokushesha uma kudingeka.