Ukuqothuka Kwezinzwa? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, & Ukwelashwa

Ukuqothuka kwezinzwa kwenzeka lapho ukunciphisa ukugeleza kwegazi ebuchosheni bakho konakalisa inyama yengqondo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Yilona uhlobo lwesibili oluvamile lokuqothuka kwengqondo ngemuva kwesifo sika-Alzheimer, oluthinta cishe i-10% yabantu abane-dementia.

Cabanga ngengqondo yakho njengensimu edinga ukugeleza okuqhubekayo kwamanzi ukuze ihlale iphilile. Uma imithambo yegazi ivinjelwe noma yonakele, izingxenye zengqondo yakho azitholi i-oksijini nezondlo ezizidingayo. Lokhu kuholela ezinkingeni zokucabanga, ukukhumbula, nemisebenzi yansuku zonke ebiyelana kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ziyini izimpawu zokuqothuka kwezinzwa?

Izimpawu zokuqothuka kwezinzwa zivame ukuvela ngokuzumayo ngemuva kokushaya, noma zingathuthuka kancane njengoba ukwephulwa komthambo omncane wegazi kuqoqana. Izimpawu ozibonayo ziyahluka kuye ngokuthi yiziphi izingxenye zengqondo yakho ezithintekile ngokunciphisa ukugeleza kwegazi.

Ake sibheke izimpawu ezivamile ongazibona:

• Izinkinga zokucabanga nokuqonda: Ungase uthole kunzima ukuhlela imisebenzi, ukuxazulula izinkinga, noma ukwenza izinqumo ezazihlale zizizenzakalelayo
• Izinkinga zokukhumbula: Nakuba izinkinga zokukhumbula zikhona, zivame ukuba zingekho kakhulu ekuqaleni uma kuqhathaniswa nesifo sika-Alzheimer
• Ukudideka nokulahleka komqondo: Ungase uzizwe ulahlekile ezindaweni ozijwayele noma ube nezinkinga zokulandela ingxoxo
• Ubunzima bokuhlala ugxile: Ukugxila emisebenzini noma ukugcina ukunaka kuyahlala kunzima ngokuhamba kwesikhathi
• Ukushintsha ekuhambeni: Ungase uthuthukise ukungazinzisi, uthathe izinyathelo ezimfushane, noma uzizwe sengathi izinyawo zakho zinamathele phansi
• Ukushintsha kwesimo sengqondo nobuntu: Usizi, ukukhathazeka, noma ukwanda kokucasuka kuyizimpawu zomzwelo ezivamile
• Izinkinga zokukhuluma nolimi: Ukufumana amazwi afanele noma ukuqonda abanye kungase kube nzima kakhulu.

Abanye abantu baye baphatheke kabi ngezimpawu ezingavamile ezingase zikhathaze kakhulu. Lezi zingafaka ukushintsha okungazelelwe kokuziphatha, ubunzima bokuginya, noma izinkinga zokulawula umsebenzi we-bladder. Iphethini yezimpawu ngokuvamile ifika ngamaza, ngezikhathi zokuthula okulandela ukwehla okungazelelwe, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokushaya.

Ziyini izinhlobo ze-dementia ye-vascular?

I-dementia ye-vascular ayisiyo nje isimo esisodwa kodwa yiqembu lezehlakalo ezihlobene. Uhlobo ngalunye luvela emaphethini ahlukene okonakala kwezitho zegazi ebuchosheni bakho.

I-Multi-infarct dementia ivela ezinkingeni ezincane eziningi ongasenazo ngisho noma uqaphela lapho zenzeka. Lezi “zinkinga ezingabonakali” ziyonakalisa kancane kancane inyama yengqondo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, okuholela ekwehleni okufana ne-step ekusebenzeni kwengqondo.

I-Subcortical dementia ithuthukela lapho izitho zegazi ezincane ezijulile ebuchosheni bakho zilimele. Lolu hlobo ngokuvamile lubangela izinkinga ngesivinini sokucabanga, ukushintsha kwesimo sengqondo, nobunzima bokuhamba ngaphambi kokuba izinkinga zekhumbulo zibe yizona eziphawulekayo.

I-Mixed dementia ihlanganisa i-dementia ye-vascular nohlobo olunye, oluvamile kakhulu yi-Alzheimer's disease. Lo mhlanganiso uvamile impela, ikakhulukazi kubantu abadala kuno-80.

Kukhona futhi uhlobo oluyimfihlo oluthiwa yi-CADASIL (Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy nge-Subcortical Infarcts ne-Leukoencephalopathy), oluzuzwe futhi ngokuvamile luqala ukuthinta abantu eminyakeni engu-40 noma engu-50. Lesi simo se-genetic sibangela ukonakala okuqhubekayo kwezitho zegazi ezincane kulo lonke ubuchopho.

Yini ebangela i-dementia ye-vascular?

I-dementia ye-vascular ithuthukela lapho ubuchopho bakho bungatholi ukugcwala okwanele kwegazi ngenxa yezitho zegazi ezilimele noma ezivaliwe. Lokhu kunciphisa ukusabalalisa kwegazi kushiya amangqamuzana ebuchosheni engenayo i-oksijini nezondlo ezidingekayo ukuze asebenze kahle.

Izimo eziningana ezingaphansi zingabangela lokhu konakala kwezitho zegazi:

• Isifo sokuqhaqhazela: Kokubili ukuqhaqhazela okukhulu kanye nokuqhaqhazela okuncane okuningi kungalimaza ingqondo futhi kuqalise izimpawu ze-dementia
• Ukuphuma kwegagasi legazi: Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukucindezela okuphezulu kuqeda futhi kunciphisa imithambo yegazi kulo lonke ubuchopho bakho
• I-Diabetes: Amazinga aphezulu kashukela egazini alimaza izindonga zemithambo yegazi, kunciphisa ikhono lawo lokuletha igazi ngokuphumelelayo
• Ukuphakama kwe-cholesterol: Amafutha ahlanganiswa emithanjeni yegazi, enqabela ukugeleza kwegazi kwizingqimba zobuchopho
• Isifo senhliziyo: Izimo ezinjenge-atrial fibrillation zingabangela iziqubu zegazi eziya ebuchophweni bakho
• I-Atherosclerosis: Ukuqina nokuncipha kwemithambo yegazi kulo lonke umzimba wakho kuchaphazela ukugeleza kwegazi ebuchophweni

Ezinye izimbangela ezingavamile zihlanganisa izifo zegazi ezenza kube lula ukuqina, izimo ezivuvukalayo ezichaphazela imithambo yegazi, kanye nezinye izifo ezivela ezifweni. Ukuguquka okuhlobene nobudala emithanjeni yegazi kwenza abantu abadala babe sengozini, ngisho noma bengenawo amanye amathuba okuthola isifo.

Indawo nobukhulu bokulimazeka kwemithambo yegazi kunquma ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu ezithuthukayo nokuthi ziqhubeka kanjani ngokushesha. Kungakho i-dementia ye-vascular ingabonakala ihluke kakhulu kumuntu nomuntu.

Nini kufanele ubheke udokotela nge-dementia ye-vascular?

Kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho uma uqaphela ukuguquka okuqhubekayo ekucabangeni, ekukhumuleni, noma ekusebenzeni kwansuku zonke okukukhathazayo wena noma abathandekayo bakho. Ukubheka kwasekuqaleni kubalulekile ngoba ezinye izimpawu zingase ziphathwe noma zibuyele emuva.

Funani usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nokudideka okuqala ngokuzumayo, ukukhathazeka okukhulu, ubunzima bokukhuluma, noma ubuthakathaka ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba wakho. Lezi zingaba izimpawu zokuqhaqhazela, okudinga ukwelashwa okusheshayo.

Hlela isikhathi sokuvakashela njalo uma ubona ukushintsha kancane kancane njengokunzima ngokwanda kokuphatha izimali, ukulahleka ezindaweni ozijwayele, ukuhlupheka ekulandeleleni ingxoxo, noma ukushintsha komuntu kubonakala kungafani nomlando wakho. Ngisho nokushintsha okuncane kufanele kunakekelwe, ikakhulukazi uma unezingozi ezifana nokucindezeleka kwegazi noma isifo sikashukela.

Ungalindi kuze kube yilapho izimpawu ziqala ukuba zimbi ngaphambi kokufuna usizo. Ukungenelela kwasekuqaleni kuvame ukunciphisa ukwanda nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokuphila kokubili wena namalungu omndeni wakho.

Iyini imingcele yezingozi ye-dementia ye-vascular?

Ukuqonda imingcele yezingozi zakho kungakusiza ukuthi uthathe izinyathelo zokuvikela impilo yengqondo yakho. Eziningi zalezi zinto zingempela zilawulwa ngokukhetha indlela yokuphila nokuphathwa kwezokwelapha.

Imikhawulo yezingozi ebaluleke kakhulu ifaka:

• Ubudala: Ingozi iphindwe kabili cishe eminyakeni emi-5 ngemva kweminyaka engama-65, nakuba abantu abancane bangathinteka
• Isiguli esidlule noma i-mini-strokes: Ukuba nesiguli esisodwa kukhulisa kakhulu ingozi yakho yokuthuthukisa i-dementia
• Ukucindezeleka kwegazi: Yona ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu engashintshekayo yingozi ye-dementia ye-vascular
• Isifo sikashukela: Bobabili uhlobo 1 nohlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela kukhulisa ingozi, ikakhulukazi uma lungalawulwa kahle
• Isifo senhliziyo: Izimo ezifana nesifo se-coronary artery, ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo, nokubetha kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile
• Ikholestrol ephakeme: Amazinga aphezulu anikelela ekonakaleni kwezitho zegazi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi
• Ukubhema: Ukusebenzisa utshaba kukhuthaza ukonakala kwezitho zegazi futhi kukhulisa ingozi yesiguli
• Umbukiso womndeni: Ukuba nezihlobo ezine-dementia noma isigulisi kungase kukhulisa ingozi yakho

Amanye ama-risk factor angavamile kodwa abalulekile afaka i-sleep apnea, ephansiqisa i-oksijini ebuchosheni bakho ngesikhathi ulele, nezinye izimo ze-autoimmune ezibangela ukuvuvukala kwezitho zegazi. Abantu base-Afrika abamnyama nabase-Hispanic banesilinganiso esiphezulu se-vascular dementia, ngenxa yokwanda kokubola kweswekile nokucindezeleka kwegazi kulezi zindawo.

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi amaningi ala ma-risk factor angaphathwa ngokwelashwa kwezokwelapha, ukushintsha indlela yokuphila, nokulandelela njalo neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo.

Ziyini izinhlanganisela ezingaba khona ze-vascular dementia?

I-Vascular dementia iyimo eliqhubekayo, okusho ukuthi izinhlanganisela zivame ukuvela kancane njengoba isifo siqhubeka. Ukuqonda lezi zinselele ezingaba khona kusiza wena nomndeni wakho ukuba nilungiselele futhi nicabangele ikusasa.

Izinhlanganisela ezivamile ezingase zivele ngokuhamba kwesikhathi zifaka:

• Ukukhula komngcipheko wokwehla: Izinkinga zokulinganisela nokudideka kwenza ukwehla kube lula, okungase kube yimbangela yokuqhekeka kwamafu
• Ubunzima bokuginya: Lokhu kungase kube yimbangela yokukhahlela, ukungondliwa kahle, noma i-pneumonia yokuphefumula
• Ukungenakulawula: Ukungakwazi ukulawula isitho sokuphuma noma isisu kuya kuba khona njengoba isimo siqhubeka
• Ukuhambahamba nokulahleka: Ukungazi indawo kungase kube yimbangela yokukhathazeka ngokuphepha uma ushiya ekhaya wedwa
• Usizi nokukhathazeka: Lezi zimo zempilo yengqondo zivame kakhulu futhi zingenza impilo ibe mbi
• Ukuphazamiseka kokulala: Ukushintsha kwemizamo yokulala kungathinta kokubili ukuphila komuntu kanye nomnakekeli
• Izinkinga zokuphatha imithi: Ukukhohlwa imithi noma ukuthatha inani elingalungile kuya kuba khona njalo

Izinhlanganisela ezingavamile kodwa ezinzima zifaka ukushintsha okukhulu kokuziphatha, ukulahleka okuphelele kokukhuluma, nokukhula kokuthola ukutheleleka. Abanye abantu bangase bathuthukise ukubamba, nakuba lokhu kungavamile.

Eziningi zalezi zinkinga zingaphathwa noma zilimele ngokunakekelwa okuhle, ukuhlolwa njalo kwempilo, kanye nokwenza izinguquko endaweni ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha nokuzimela isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka.

Kungenzeka kanjani ukuvimbela i-dementia ye-vascular?

Nakuba ungakwazi ukuvimbela zonke izimo ze-dementia ye-vascular, unganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yakho ngokuvikela imithambo yakho yegazi nempilo yengqondo. Izindlela ezifanayo ezivimbela isifo senhliziyo nokushaya kwesibindi ziyasiza futhi ekuvikeleni e-dementia ye-vascular.

Izindlela ezisebenzayo kakhulu zokuvikela zigxile ekulawuleni izici ezingozi ze-cardiovascular:

• Lawula uxinzelelo lwegazi: Uligcine liphansi kuka-140/90 mmHg, noma liphansi uma udokotela wakho ekuncoma kanjalo
• Phatha isifo sikashukela: Gcina ukulawulwa okuhle kweswekile legazi ngokudla, ukuzivocavoca, kanye neminye imithi uma kudingeka
• Yekela ukubhema: Ukumisa kunoma yimuphi ubudala kunciphisa ingozi yakho futhi kuthuthukisa impilo yemithambo yegazi
• Zivocavoca njalo: Hlose okungenani imizuzu engu-150 yomsebenzi ophakathi nsuku zonke ukuthuthukisa ukujikeleza kwegazi
• Dla ukudla okuhle enhliziyweni: Gxila ezithelo, imifino, ukudla okugcwele, bese ugcina amanoni agcwele
• Gcina ikolesterol enempilo: Sebenza nodokotela wakho ukuze ufinyelele amazinga okufanele ngokudla nangomuthi uma kudingeka
• Limita utshwala: Ukusetshenziswa okulinganiselwe kungaba yisivikelo, kodwa ukusela okukhulu kukhuphula ingozi yokushaya kwesibindi

Ukuvuselelwa kwengqondo ngokufunda, imibuzo, imisebenzi yomphakathi, nokufunda amakhono amasha kungasiza futhi ekwakheni isipele sokuqonda. Ezinye izifundo zikhomba ukuthi ukuhlala uxhumene nabantu kanye nokwelashwa kokucindezeleka ngokushesha kungase kunikeze isivikelo esengeziwe.

Ukuhlolwa njalo kwempilo kuvumela ukutholwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi nokuphathwa kwezici ezingozi ngaphambi kokuba zibangele ukonakala kwengqondo okungapheli. Ukuvimbela kuhlale kusebenza kakhulu kunokwelashwa ngemuva kokuba izimpawu zivele.

I-dementia ye-vascular ihlonishwa kanjani?

Ukuxilonga ukungasebenzi kahle kwengqondo okubangelwa yizicubu zegazi kudinga ukuhlolwa okuphelele ngoba akukho ukuhlolwa olulodwa olukhona ukwazi ukuqonda ngokuqinisekileyo isimo. Udokotela wakho uzodinga ukususa ezinye izimbangela zezinkinga zokuqonda futhi abuke ubufakazi bokulimala kwezicubu zegazi ebuchosheni bakho.

Inkqubo yokuxilonga iqala ngokuvamile ngomlando wezokwelapha ophelele kanye nokuhlolwa komzimba. Udokotela wakho uzokubuza ngezimpawu zakho, ukuthi zaqala nini, indlela eziqhubekile ngayo, nanoma yimuphi umlando womndeni wokungasebenzi kahle kwengqondo noma isifo sokuqhaqhazela.

Kunezilingo eziningana ezisiza ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa:

• Ukuhlolwa koqondo: Izivivinyo ezimisiwe ziqala ikhono lokukhumbula, ukucabanga, ulimi, nekhono lokuxazulula izinkinga
• Izithombe zobuchopho: I-CT noma i-MRI scans zingabonisa ubufakazi besifo sokuqhaqhazela, ukulimala kwezicubu zegazi, noma ukulahleka kwezicubu zobuchopho
• Izivivinyo zegazi: Lezi zisusa ezinye izimo ezifana nokuntuleka kwevithamini, izinkinga zesitho sokuqondisa, noma ukutheleleka
• Ukuhlolwa kwezinzwa: Kuhlola ukuphendula, ukuxhumanisa, amandla, kanye nomuzwa ukuhlola umsebenzi wobuchopho

Udokotela wakho angase futhi a-ode izivivinyo ezikhethekile njenge-carotid ultrasound ukuhlola ama-arteries avinjiwe, noma i-echocardiogram ukuhlola umsebenzi wenhliziyo. Kwezinye izimo, ukuhlolwa kwe-neuropsychological kunikeza ukuhlolwa okuningiliziwe kwamakhono athile oqondo.

Ukuxilongwa kuyaqina lapho izimpawu zoqondo zivela kanye nobufakazi besifo sokuqhaqhazela noma isifo esikhulu sezicubu zegazi. Ngezinye izikhathi ukuxilongwa kuyaqhubeka njengoba udokotela wakho ebona ukuthi izimpawu ziyaqhubeka kanjani futhi ziphendula kanjani ekwelapheni.

Iyini impilo yokwelapha ukungasebenzi kahle kwengqondo okubangelwa yizicubu zegazi?

Ukwelashwa kokungasebenzi kahle kwengqondo okubangelwa yizicubu zegazi kugxila ekunciphiseni ukuqhubeka, ukuphatha izimpawu, nokwenza impilo ibe ngcono. Nakuba kungekho ukwelashwa, izindlela eziningana zingakusiza ukuba ugcine umsebenzi nokuzimela isikhathi eside.

Iqhinga elikhulu lokwelapha lihilela ukuvimbela ukulimala kwezicubu zegazi okwengeziwe:

• Imithi yokunciphisa igazi: I-ACE inhibitors, i-diuretics, noma ezinye izidakamizwa zokugcina amazinga egagasi ephezulu
• Imithi yokuncipha kwegazi: I-Aspirin noma ezinye izidakamizwa zokunciphisa igazi zingavimbela ukuqhuma kwegazi kwesikhathi esizayo uma kufanele kuwe
• Imithi yokunciphisa ikolesterol: I-Statins zisiza ekuvikeleni imithambo yegazi ekubeni yonakele nakakhulu
• Ukuphathwa kwesifo sikashukela: I-Insulin noma ezinye izidakamizwa zokugcina amazinga eshukela egazini ezinzile

Ngezimpawu zokuhlupheka kwengqondo, udokotela wakho angase anikeze i-cholinesterase inhibitors njenge-donepezil, i-rivastigmine, noma i-galantamine. Nakuba le miithi yaqale yathuthukiswa yesifo se-Alzheimer's, ingase inikeze izinzuzo ezincane kwabanye abantu abane-vascular dementia.

Ukuphathwa kokucindezeleka, ukukhathazeka, kanye nezimpawu zokuziphatha kuvame ukudinga imithi eyengeziwe noma ukwelulekwa. Izinkinga zokulala, ukukhathazeka, noma ukubona izinto ezingelona iqiniso kungase kudinge ukwelashwa okuqondile ukuthuthukisa induduzo nokuvikeleka.

Izindlela ezingelona imithi zihlanganisa ukuqeqeshwa komsebenzi ukuze kugcinwe amakhono okuphila kwansuku zonke, ukuqeqeshwa komzimba ukuze kulondolozwe ukuhamba nokunciphisa ingozi yokuwa, kanye nokuqeqeshwa kokukhuluma uma ukukhulumisana kuya kunzima. Ukuzivocavoca njalo, ukuhlanganyela komphakathi, nokulondoloza izindlela zansuku zonke kuphinde kusekele impilo yonke.

Indlela yokuphatha i-vascular dementia ekhaya?

Ukudala indawo yasekhaya enesekelo kungathuthukisa kakhulu impilo yansuku zonke yomuntu onale vascular dementia. Izinguquko ezincane zivame ukwenza umehluko omkhulu ekugcineni ukuzimela nokunciphisa ukukhungatheka.

Gxila ekuphepheni nasekulula endaweni yakho yokuhlala. Susa izinto ezingase zibangele ukuwela njengezigqoko ezithambile, qiniseka ukuthi kukhona ukukhanya okwanele ekhaya lakho, bese ufake ama-grab bars ezingxenyeni zangasese. Gcina izinto ezibalulekile ezindaweni eziqondile bese ubhala ama-drawers noma amakhabhinethi uma kuwusizo.

Yenza amasiko emisi yonke aqinile anikeza ubuhle futhi anciphise ukudideka. Zama ukuhlela imisebenzi enzima ngezikhathi lapho ucabanga kukhanya khona, ngokuvamile ekuqaleni kosuku. Hlukanisa imisebenzi eyingxaki ibe yizinyathelo ezincane, ezilawuleka.

Amasu okuxhumana angasiza ekuqhubeni ubuhlobo nabangane nomndeni:

• Khuluma kancane futhi ngokucacile, usebenzisa izigwebo ezilula
• Nikeza umyalo munye ngesikhathi bese uvumela isikhathi esanele sokuphendula
• Sebenzisa izinkomba zobumangaliso noma izinqamuleli kanye namazwi akhulunywayo
• Hlala uzolile futhi ubekezelele, ngisho noma ukuphikisana kuyadingeka
• Gxila emizweni nasemizwelweni kunamaqiniso lapho ikhono lokukhumbula lihluleka khona

Khuthaza ukuqhubeka kokubamba iqhaza emisebenzini ejabulisayo, ngisho noma kudingeka uguqulwe. Umculo, ubuciko, ukulima, noma ezinye izinto abazithandayo zingakulethela injabulo kanye nokukhuthazela kwengqondo. Ukuzivocavoca njalo, ngisho nokuhamba okuthambile, kusiza ekuqhubeni impilo yomzimba futhi kunganciphisa ukwehla kwengqondo.

Ungakhohlwa ngokusekelwa kwabaphathi. Ukunakekela umuntu onenkinga yokukhumbula kunzima, ngakho-ke funa usizo emindenini, ebangane, emaqenjini wokusekela, noma ezinsizakalweni zobungcweti uma kudingeka.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani ukubona udokotela wakho?

Ukulungiselela kahle isikhathi sakho sokubona udokotela kusiza uqinisekise ukuthi uthola ukuxilongwa okuchane kakhulu nolwazi oluwusizo. Letha ilungu lomndeni omethembayo noma umngane onganikeza ukubuka okuqhubekayo futhi akusize ukukhumbula imininingwane ebalulekile.

Ngaphambi kokuvakashela kwakho, bhala zonke izimpawu zakho zamanje nokuthi wazibona nini okokuqala. Faka izibonelo ezithile zendlela imisebenzi yansuku zonke ebe nzima ngayo, njengokuba nezinkinga zokuphatha imali, ukulahleka lapho uqhuba, noma ukukhohlwa amagama ajwayelekile.

Butha ulwazi olubalulekile ukuze uhlanganyele nodokotela wakho:

• Uhlu oluphelele lwemithi esetshenziswayo njengamanje, kufaka phakathi amazinga kanye nezinye izinto ezingezona imithi
• Umbiko wezokwelapha, ikakhulukazi noma yikuphi ukuqhaqhazela, izinkinga zenhliziyo, isifo sikashukela, noma ukucindezeleka kwegazi
• Umbiko womndeni wesifo sokuwohloka kwengqondo, ukuqhaqhazela, noma ezinye izimo zezinzwa
• Ukushintsha kwamuva emoyeni, ukuziphatha, noma ubuntu
• Ukuwa, izingozi, noma ukukhathazeka ngokuphepha okuye kwenzeka

Lungiselela imibuzo mayelana nokuxilongwa, izinketho zokwelashwa, intuthuko elindelekile, namathuluzi atholakalayo. Buza ngezinto eziphathelene nokuphepha, ikhono lokushayela, nokuthi nini kufanele uhlele izidingo zokunakekelwa kwesikhathi esizayo.

Letha incwadi yokubhala ukuze ubhale ulwazi olubalulekile ngesikhathi sokuvakasha. Imihlangano yezokwelapha ingabonakala icindezelayo, futhi ukuba nezinqolobane kuzokusiza ukuba ukhumbule amaphuzu abalulekile kamuva. Unganqikazi ukubuza udokotela wakho ukuba aphindele noma acacise noma yini ongayiqondi.

Iyini into ebaluleke kakhulu mayelana nesifo sokuwohloka kwengqondo esibangelwa yizinkinga zezinzwa?

I-Vascular dementia iyisimo esinzima kodwa esilawuleka esikhula lapho ukunciphisa kwegazi okunciphile kulimala ubuchopho bakho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Nakuba kuqhubeka futhi akukapheli, ukuxilongwa kwasekuqaleni nokwelashwa kunganciphisa ukuqhubeka kwako futhi kusize ekuvikeleni ikhwalithi yokuphila.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyikhumbule ukuthi izici eziningi eziyingozi zilawuleka. Ukuphatha ukucindezeleka kwegazi, isifo sikashukela, ikolesterol, nezinye izimo zezinzwa zinciphisa kakhulu ingozi yakho yokuthuthukisa i-vascular dementia noma ukuhlupheka ngokuncipha okwengeziwe.

Uma usuvele uhlala ne-vascular dementia, gxila kulokho ongalulawula namuhla. Thatha imithi njengoba kuyalelwe, hlala usebenza ngokomzimba nangokomphakathi, gcina ukuphepha ekhaya, futhi usebenzisane eduze neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo. Izinqumo ezincane zansuku zonke zengeza umehluko obalulekile ekuphileni kwakho kwesikhathi eside.

Khumbula ukuthi ukuba nodlame lwezinzwa akuhlukumi noma akususisi amathuba okuhlangenwe nakho okujulile, okujabulisayo. Ngokusekelwa okufanele, abantu abaningi baqhubeka bethola injongo nobuhlobo ngisho noma isimo siqhubeka. Awuwedwa kulolu hambo, futhi usizo luyatholakala.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana nodlame lwezinzwa

U-1: Udlame lwezinzwa luqhubeka kangakanani?

Ukuqhubeka kodlame lwezinzwa kuyahluka kakhulu kumuntu ngamunye futhi ngokuvamile kwenzeka ngendlela efana nezehlathi kunokwehla okuzinzile. Abanye abantu bahlala beqondile izinyanga noma iminyaka, kanti abanye bangase babhekane nezinguquko eziqondile, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokushaya.

Ukuqhubeka kuncike ezintweni ezifana nobukhulu bokulimala kwezinzwa zegazi, ukuthi izimo ezingaphansi zilawulwa kangcono kangakanani, impilo yonke, nokufinyelela ekwelapheni. Ukuphathwa okuhle kokucindezela kwegazi, isifo sikashukela, nezinye izinto ezingozi kunganciphisa kakhulu ukuqhubeka.

U-2: Ingabe udlame lwezinzwa lungabuyekezwa?

Udlame lwezinzwa alunakuphinda lube ngokuphelele, kodwa ezinye izimpawu zingase zibe ngcono ngokwelashwa okufanele. Ukulawula ukucindezela kwegazi, ukuphatha isifo sikashukela, nokuvimbela ukushaya okwengeziwe kungase kuphelise noma kunciphisa ukuqhubeka ezimweni eziningi.

Abanye abantu babona ukuthuthuka okuncane ekucabangeni nasemisebenzini yansuku zonke lapho izimo ezingaphansi zilawulwa kahle. Ukungenelela kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kunikeza ithuba elihle kakhulu lokulondoloza amakhono okucabanga nokugcina ukuzimela isikhathi eside.

U-3: Ingabe udlame lwezinzwa luyafa?

Eziningi zezimo zodlame lwezinzwa azilithiwe ngokuqondile, kodwa umlando womndeni ungandisa ingozi yakho. Uma izihlobo zinezifo zokushaya, izifo zentliziyo, isifo sikashukela, noma ukucindezela kwegazi okuphezulu, ungase ube nethuba elikhulu lokukhula lezi zimo.

Izinhlobo zezofu zofuzo ezimbalwa njenge-CADASIL ziyafa, kodwa lezi zibala ingxenye encane kakhulu yezimo. Gxila ekuphatheni izinto ezingozi ongaziqondisa kunokukhathazeka ngomlando womndeni ongenakushintsha.

U-Q4: Uyini umehluko phakathi kwesifo sengqondo sokuhluleka kokujikeleza kwegazi nesifo se-Alzheimer?

Ukuwohloka kwengqondo okuhambisana nokuhluleka kokujikeleza kwegazi kubangelwa ukunciphisa kokujikeleza kwegazi ebuchosheni, kuyilapho i-Alzheimer ihilela ukwakheka kwamapuroteni okubangela ukonakala kwamangqamuzana ebuchosheni. Ukuwohloka kwengqondo okuhambisana nokuhluleka kokujikeleza kwegazi kuvame ukuphazamisa ukucabanga nokuqonda ngaphambi kokukhumbula, kuyilapho i-Alzheimer ivame ukubangela izinkinga zokukhumbula kuqala.

Izimpawu zokuwohloka kwengqondo okuhambisana nokuhluleka kokujikeleza kwegazi zingase zivele ngokuzumayo ngemva kokushaya kwesifo sokuhluleka kokujikeleza kwegazi noma ziqhubeke ngezigaba, kuyilapho i-Alzheimer ivame ukubonisa ukwehla okuqhubekayo, okuzinzile. Abantu abaningi empeleni banezimo zombili ndawonye, okuthiwa yi-dementia ehlangene.

U-Q5: Umuntu angaphila isikhathi esingakanani ene-dementia ehambisana nokuhluleka kokujikeleza kwegazi?

Isikhathi sokuphila esilindelekile nge-dementia ehambisana nokuhluleka kokujikeleza kwegazi sihluka kakhulu ngokususelwa ebudaleni besikhathi sokutholakala kwesifo, impilo yonke, ubukhulu bezimpawu, nokuthi izimo eziyisisekelo ziphathwa kangcono kangakanani. Abanye abantu baphila iminyaka eminingi benempilo enhle, kuyilapho abanye bengase babe nesikhathi esifushane sokuphila.

Izinto eziphazamisa isikhathi sokuphila zihlanganisa impilo yonke yomuntu, impendulo ekwelapheni, ukwesekwa komphakathi, nokuvimbela izinkinga ezinjengokuwa noma ukutheleleka. Gxila ekuphileni kahle namuhla kunokuzimisela ukuqagela isikhathi esizayo.