Ukuthini i-Ventricular Septal Defect? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, & Ukwelashwa

I-ventricular septal defect (VSD) iyithuba odongeni oluhlukanisa amakamelo amabili angaphansi enhliziyweni yakho. Lo dongi, obizwa ngokuthi i-septum, ngokuvamile ugcina igazi elicebile nge-oksijini lingaxubani negazi elingenayo i-oksijini. Uma kukhona ihole kuleli dongi, igazi lingase ligeleze ohlangothini olulodwa kulololunye, lenze inhliziyo yakho isebenze nzima kunokuba kufanele.

Ama-VSD yiwo ahlukahlukene kakhulu e-congenital heart defect, okusho ukuthi akhona kusukela ekuzalweni. Amanye amahole amancane empeleni azivala ngokwabo njengoba izingane zikhula, kanti amanye amakhulu angase adinge ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ngokunakekelwa okuhle, abantu abaningi abane-VSD baphila impilo enempilo, esebenzayo.

Zithini izimpawu ze-ventricular septal defect?

Ama-VSD amancane ngokuvamile awabangeli zimpawu ezibonakalayo, ikakhulukazi kubantwana abasebancane nabakhulu. Ingane yakho ingase ikhule futhi ithuthuke ngokujwayelekile ngaphandle kokwazi ukuthi kukhona i-heart defect ekhona. Amanye amahole amancane atholakala ngesikhathi sokuhlola okujwayelekile lapho odokotela bezwa i-heart murmur.

Uma izimpawu zivele, ngokuvamile zihlangene nenhliziyo esebenza nzima ukugeza igazi. Nazi izimpawu ongazibona, ikakhulukazi kubantwana abasebancane nabakhulu:

• Ubunzima bokudla noma ukudla, ngaphandle kwabantwana abakhathala ngokushesha ngesikhathi sokudla
• Ukukhula okubi noma ukukhula okuhamba kancane uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izingane
• Ukuphefumula okusheshayo noma ukubonakala ufushane emoyeni, ngisho nasekuphumuleni
• Ukutheleleka kwezifo zokuphefumula njenge-pneumonia noma i-bronchitis
• Ukukhathala okungavamile noma ukukhathala ngesikhathi sokuzijabulisa noma imisebenzi evamile
• Umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka oqhele ngezindebe, iinzipho, noma isikhumba (okubizwa ngokuthi i-cyanosis)
• Ukukhishwa okukhulu, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokudla noma umsebenzi womzimba

Ezinye izikhathi, ikakhulukazi ngama-VSD amakhulu, ungase uqaphele ukuthi ingane yakho idinga ukuphumula okuningi kunokujwayelekile noma ibonakala ingenasikhuthazo kunabanye abantwana abangobudala bayo. Lezi zimpawu zikhula ngoba inhliziyo isebenza kakhulu ukuze ihlanganise ukugeleza kwegazi okwengeziwe.

Abantu abadala abane-VSDs ezingalungiswanga ebuntwaneni bangase bahlupheke ngebuhlungu esifubeni, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile, noma ukuzwa ukuphelelwa amandla kalula ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca. Noma kunjalo, lokhu akukho njalo njengoba i-VSDs ezinkulu kakhulu zitholakala futhi zitholwe ngesikhathi sobuntwana.

Imiphi imikhakha yendima yokwahlukanisa i-ventricular?

Ama-VSD ahlukaniswe ngokusekelwe lapho i-hole itholakala khona e-septum nokuthi inkulu kangakanani. Ukuqonda le mihlobo kusiza odokotela ukuthi banqume indlela yokwelapha engcono kakhulu yomuntu ngamunye.

Ngokwendawo, kunezinhlobo ezine eziyinhloko:

• Ama-VSD aphakathi: La atholakala eduze nesistimu yombane yenhliziyo futhi yiyona uhlobo oluvamile, enza u-80% wama-VSD onke
• Ama-VSD amnandi: La ma-hole atholakala engxenyeni yemisipha ye-septum futhi avame ukuvalwa wedwa njengoba umsipha ukhula
• Ama-VSD angena: La aseduze nevalvu zokungena kwenhliziyo futhi awavamile kodwa angadinga ukunakekelwa okwengeziwe
• Ama-VSD aphumayo: La atholakala eduze nemithambo ethatha igazi liphume enhliziyweni futhi angase athinte ivalvu eziseduze

Ngobukhulu, odokotela ngokuvamile bahlukanisa ama-VSD njengamancane, aphakathi, noma amakhulu. Ama-VSD amancane avame ukubizwa ngokuthi "ayakhanyisa" ngoba akhawulela ukuthi igazi lingagcwala kangakanani. Ama-VSD amakhulu "awakhanyisi," avumela ukugeleza kwegazi okukhulu phakathi kwamakhamera.

Ubukhulu nendawo ye-VSD yakho kuchaphazela ngokuqondile ukuthi uzodinga ukwelashwa nokuthi yiluphi uhlobo lokunakekelwa oluzosebenza kangcono. I-VSD encane yemisipha, ngokwesibonelo, inamathuba aphezulu okuvalwa ngokwemvelo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Yini ebangela i-ventricular septal defect?

Ama-VSD aqala ukukhula phakathi namasonto ayisishiyagalombili okuqala kokukhulelwa lapho inhliziyo yengane yakho isakhiwa. Isizathu esiqinisekileyo asihlale sicaca, kodwa kwenzeka lapho i-septum ingakhula ngokuphelele phakathi nalesi sikhathi esibalulekile.

Ezimweni eziningi, ama-VSD avela ngokungahleliwe ngaphandle kwesizathu esithile noma isizathu esingavikeleka. I-genetics yakho ingase ibe nendima, njengoba izifo zenhliziyo ngezinye izikhathi zingadlulela emindenini. Noma kunjalo, ukuba nomlando womndeni akusho ukuthi ingane yakho izoba ne-VSD.

Izinto eziningana phakathi kokukhulelwa zingase zikhulise ingozi, yize zingabawona abazenza ama-VSD:

• Izimo ezithile ze-genetic ezifana ne-Down syndrome noma i-DiGeorge syndrome
• I-diabetes yomzali engalawulwa kahle phakathi kokukhulelwa
• Ukuthatha imithi ethile ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa, ikakhulukazi eminye imithi yokwelapha ukubamba
• Ukutheleleka yi-viral phakathi kokukhulelwa, njenge-rubella
• Ukusebenzisa utshwala ngokweqile phakathi kokukhulelwa
• Ukuvezwa ezimweni ezithile zekhemikhali noma izinto eziyingozi

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi uma ingane yakho ine-VSD, akuyona into oyenzile okungalungile noma obungayivimba. Ukuthuthukiswa kwenhliziyo kuyinkimbinkimbi, futhi lezi zifo zivame ukuvela naphezu kokwenziwa konke okulungile phakathi kokukhulelwa.

Ezimweni ezingavamile, ama-VSD angaqala ukukhula kamuva ekuphileni ngenxa yezifo zenhliziyo noma ukulimala, kodwa iningi lawo livela kusukela ekuzalweni. Ngezinye izikhathi ama-VSD avela kanye nezinye izifo zenhliziyo njengengxenye yezimo eziphephekile zenhliziyo eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Nini kufanele ubona udokotela ngenxa yesifo se-ventricular septal defect?

Kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wezingane yakho uma ubona noma yiziphi izimpawu ezibonisa ukuthi inhliziyo yabo ingase isebenze kanzima kunokujwayelekile. Ukutholakala kwangaphambi kwesikhathi nokubhekwa kungenza umehluko omkhulu emiphumeleni.

Shaya ucingo ku-pediatrician yakho ngokushesha uma ingane yakho ibonisa lezi zimpawu ezikhathazayo:

• Ubunzima ekusizeni, ukuthatha isikhathi eside kunokujwayelekile, noma ukwenqaba ukudla
• Ukuphuma komoya okubonakala kukhulu, kunzima, noma kuhlukile kunokujwayelekile
• Ukukhula okungalungile noma ukusala ngemuva kwemigomo yokukhula
• Ukukhathazeka okungajwayelekile noma ukubonakala ukhathele kakhulu kunabantwana abavamile
• Ukulimala okubomvu oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngezansi komlomo, ezindebeni, noma ezinzwini

Kubantwana abadala, qaphela izimpawu ezifana nokuthola ukukhathala okungajwayelekile ngesikhathi sokuzijabulisa, ukuba nobunzima ekuhambisani nabangane ngesikhathi semisebenzi yomzimba, noma ukukhala ngokungakhululeki kwesifuba. Ukutheleleka kwezifo zokuphefumula okuvamile okubonakala kukhulu kunokujwayelekile kungase futhi kubonise inkinga yenhliziyo.

Funani usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma ingane yenu ithola ubunzima obukhulu bokuphuma komoya, ibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ilahleke ukwazi, noma ibonise izimpawu zokukhathazeka okukhulu. Lokhu kungase kubonise izinkinga ezinzima ezidinga ukunakekelwa okusheshayo.

Ngisho noma izimpawu zibonakala zingenamandla, kufanele uxoxe nganoma yikuphi ukukhathazeka nodokotela wakho. I-VSD eziningi zitholakala okokuqala ngesikhathi sokuhlola okujwayelekile lapho odokotela bezwa umsindo wenhliziyo, ngakho ukugcina ukuvakashela njalo kwabantwana kubalulekile.

Iyini imikhakha yengozi ye-ventricular septal defect?

I-VSD eziningi zenzeka ngokungahleliwe, kepha izinto ezithile zingandisa amathuba okuba ingane izalwe inenkinga yenhliziyo. Ukuqonda le mikhakha yengozi kungasiza imindeni ihlale ilwazile, yize ukuba nemikhakha yengozi akusho ukuthi i-VSD izokwenzeka ngokuqinisekile.

Izinto zofuzo zidlalela indima ebalulekile kwezinye izimo:

• Umlando womndeni wezifo zenhliziyo ezingokwemvelo, ikakhulu kubazali noma ezinganeni
• Isimo se-chromosomal njenge-Down syndrome, i-Turner syndrome, noma i-DiGeorge syndrome
• Ezinye izinhlobo zofuzo ezihlasela ukukhula kwenhliziyo
• Ukuzalwa kubazali abanawo uqobo izifo zenhliziyo ezingokwemvelo

Isimo sempilo sikamama nezinto zokukhulelwa zingase futhi zithinte ingozi:

• I-shukela elingalawulwa kahle ngaphambi noma ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa
• Ukutheleleka okuthile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ikakhulukazi i-rubella noma i-cytomegalovirus
• Ukuthatha imithi ethile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kwasekuqaleni, kufaka phakathi amanye ama-anti-seizure drugs
• Ukusebenzisa utshwala ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ikakhulukazi ukuphuza kakhulu
• Ubudala obukhulu bomama, yize ama-VSD angenzeka kunoma yiliphi iminyaka
• Ukuvezwa ezintweni ezinobuthi noma emakhemikhali ezimweni

Ukuba nobungozi obubodwa noma ngaphezulu akusikho ukuthi ingane yakho izoba ne-VSD. Izingane eziningi ezinobunzima obuningi zizalwa zinezinhliziyo eziphelele, kanti ezinye ezingenazo izingozi zithola ukungasebenzi kahle kwenhliziyo. Ukuthuthukiswa kwenhliziyo kuyinkimbinkimbi futhi akuyona into eqagela ngokuphelele.

Uma unezingozi, udokotela wakho angakuncoma ukulandelela okwengeziwe ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, kufaka phakathi ama-ultrasounds akhethekile ukuhlola ukuthuthukiswa kwenhliziyo yengane yakho. Lokhu kuvumela ukuhlela kwangaphambili nokulungiselela uma kukhona isifo senhliziyo esitholakala.

Ziyini izinhlanganisela ezingaba khona ze-ventricular septal defect?

Ama-VSD amancane awavame ukubangela izinhlanganisela futhi avame ukuvalwa wedwa ngaphandle kwanoma yimiphi imiphumela yesikhathi eside. Noma kunjalo, ama-VSD amakhulu angaphathwe angabangela izinkinga ezinkulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi njengoba inhliziyo isebenza nzima ukuthumela igazi ngokuphumelelayo.

Izinhlanganisela ezivame kakhulu zithuthuka kancane kancane futhi zihambisana nokukhuluphala kwegazi eliya emaphashini:

• Ukuqina kwegazi emaphaphweni: Ukuqina kwegazi emathanjeni emaphaphu ngenxa yokwanda kokugeleza kwegazi, okungalimaza lezi zitho ngokuphakade
• Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo: Inhliziyo ikhula futhi ibuthakathaka ngenxa yokusebenza ngokweqile ukuze iphonse igazi elengeziwe
• Ukutheleleka kwemisipha njalo: Ukugeleza kwegazi okukhulu emaphaphweni kwenza kube lula ukutheleleka nge-pneumonia nezinye izifo zokuphefumula
• Izinkinga zokukhula: Abantwana bangase bangawutholi ngokufanele isisindo noma bakhule njengoba kulindelekile ngenxa yenhliziyo yabo esebenza kanzima
• I-Arrhythmias: Izindlela ezingavamile zenhliziyo zingase zivele njengoba amakamelo enhliziyo ekhula

Kwezinye izimo ezingavamile, kungase kuvelele inkinga enzima ebizwa nge-Eisenmenger syndrome. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho ukucindezela okuphezulu emathanjeni emaphaphu kubangela ukugeleza kwegazi emuva nge-VSD, kuthumele igazi elingena-oksijini emzimbeni. Lokhu kwenza umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka wesikhumba futhi kungaba yingozi eyingozi.

Abanye abantu abane-VSDs banengozi encane yokuthuthukisa i-endocarditis, ukutheleleka kwe-lining yangaphakathi yenhliziyo. Yingakho odokotela ngezinye izikhathi bancoma ama-antibiotics ngaphambi kwezinqubo zokwelapha amazinyo noma ukuhlinzwa, nakuba lokhu akudingeki kuwo wonke umuntu onale VSD.

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi izinhlupheko eziningi zingavikeleka ngokubeka iliso okufanele nokwelashwa ngesikhathi. Ukukhathalela okulandelayo okuvamile kusiza odokotela ukuthi babone izinkinga ezingase zibe khona ekuqaleni lapho zitholakala kalula.

Kungenzeka kanjani ukuvimbela i-ventricular septal defect?

Izinkinga eziningi ze-VSD azikwazi ukuvinjelwa njengoba zenzeka ngokungahleliwe phakathi nokuthuthukiswa kwenhliziyo ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa. Noma kunjalo, kunezinyathelo ongazithatha phakathi kokukhulelwa ukuze usekele impilo enhle yenhliziyo yengane yakho futhi unciphise ezinye izinto ezingaba yingozi.

Ngaphambi nangesikhathi sokukhulelwa, lezi zinyathelo zingasiza ekuqedeni ingozi yezifo zenhliziyo ezingokwemvelo:

• Thatha amaphilisi e-folic acid njengoba kunconywe, kakhulu-khulu uqale ngaphambi kokukhulelwa
• Gcina ulawula kahle isifo sikashukela uma unaso lesi simo
• Gwema utshwala neziyobisi ezingelona iyeza ngokuphelele ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa
• Hlala usesikhathini ngokugoma, ikakhulukazi i-rubella, ngaphambi kokukhulelwa
• Sebenza nodokotela wakho ukuze ulawule noma yiziphi izimo zezempilo ezingapheli
• Gwema ukuvezwa ezimpahleni eziyingozi nezinye izinto eziyingozi uma kungenzeka
• Ungabhemi futhi ugweme ukubhema okusecondhand

Uma uthatha imithi yezimo ezinjengokuhlupheka, sisebenzisana eduze nodokotela bakho ukuthola izinketho eziphephile kakhulu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Ungalokothi uyeke ukuthatha imithi ephakanyisiwe ngaphandle kwesiqondiso sezokwelapha, njengoba izimo ezingalawulwa zingase zibe nezingozi.

Ukuqondisa ngokuzalwa kungasiza uma unemlando womndeni wezinkinga zenhliziyo noma izimo ze-genetic. Umqondisi angakusiza ukuqonda izingozi zakho ezithile nokuxoxa ngezinketho zokuhlola ezitholakalayo.

Ukukhathalelwa okujwayelekile kokukhulelwa kubalulekile ekuqapheleni ukuthuthukiswa kwengane yakho. Ama-ultrasounds akhethekile enhliziyo ngezinye izikhathi angathola ama-VSD ngaphambi kokuzalwa, avumela iqembu lakho lezokwelapha ukuhlela noma yikuphi ukunakekelwa okudingekayo ngemuva kokubeletha.

I-ventricular septal defect ibonakala kanjani?

Ama-VSD amaningi atholakala okokuqala lapho odokotela bezwa umsindo wenhliziyo ngesikhathi sokuhlola okujwayelekile. Umsindo wenhliziyo yisikhathi esengeziwe igazi eliwenzayo njengoba ligeleza ngaphesheya komgodi e-septum. Akuwona wonke umsindo obonisa izinkinga, kodwa ukhumbuza odokotela ukuthi bahlole kabanzi.

Udokotela wakho uzoqala ngokuhlolwa komzimba, alalele ngokucophelela inhliziyo nemiphunga yengane yakho. Bayobuza ngezimpawu ezinjengobunzima bokudla, izinkinga zokuphefumula, noma ukukhathala okungavamile. Lokhu kuqaliswa kokuqala kusiza ekuqondeni ukuthi yiziphi izivivinyo ezingase zidingeke.

Izivivinyo eziningi zingakuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa kwe-VSD futhi zinikeze ulwazi oluqondile:

• Echocardiogram: Lolu uhlolo lwe-ultrasound yenhliziyo olubonisa usayizi womhubhe, indawo yawo, nokuthi igazi elingakanani elidlula kuwo.
• X-ray yesifuba: Lokhu kungabonisa ukuthi inhliziyo ikhulu kangakanani noma ngabe kukhona ukugeleza kwegazi okwengeziwe emaphaphwini.
• Electrocardiogram (ECG): Lolu vivinyo luqopha umsebenzi wama-elekthrikhi wenhliziyo futhi lungabonisa izinkinga zokulingana noma ukucindezeleka kwenhliziyo.
• Pulse oximetry: Uvivinyo oluqondile olulinganisa amazinga oksijini egazini usebenzisa isinsi esincane esithweni.

Ngezinye izikhathi odokotela badinga ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe njengokungena kwe-catheter ye-cardiac, lapho i-tube encane ifakwa emithanjeni yegazi ukuze uthole ulwazi oluqondile ngezincindezi ezinhlwini nasemaphaphwini. Lokhu kuvame ukugcinelwa izimo eziyinkimbinkimbi noma lapho kucabangwa ukuhlinzwa.

Kwezinye izimo, ama-VSD atholakala ngaphambi kokuzalwa ngesikhathi se-ultrasounds ye-prenatal. Lokhu kuvumela odokotela ukuthi bahlele ukunakekelwa okukhethekile ngokushesha ngemva kokubeletha uma kudingeka. Noma kunjalo, ama-VSD amancane angase angabonakali ekuhlaleni kwe-prenatal futhi atholakala kamuva ngesikhathi sokukhathalela izingane okuvamile.

Iyini ukwelashwa kwe-ventricular septal defect?

Ukwelashwa kwama-VSD kuncike ebukhoneni bomhubhe, izimpawu zakho, nokuthi i-defect ithonya kanjani umsebenzi wenhliziyo yakho. Ama-VSD amaningi amancane awadingi ukwelashwa ngaphandle kokulandelela okuvamile, kuyilapho amaningi adinga ukulungiswa ngokuhlinzwa.

Ngama-VSD amancane angenazo izimpawu, odokotela bavame ukuncoma indlela yokulinda. Lokhu kusho ukuhlola okuvamile ukuqapha umhubhe nokuthi uvala yini ngokwakhe. Cishe u-80% lwama-VSD amancane ezinhlangothini ze-muscular uvala ngokwemvelo ngaphambi kweminyaka eyi-10, futhi amaningi ama-VSD e-perimembranous nawo aphansi noma avale ngokuphelele.

Lapho ukwelashwa kudingeka, kunezindlela eziningi ezitholakalayo:

• Imithi: Le imithi ingasiza ekulawuleni izimpawu ezinjengokwehluleka kwenhliziyo noma izindlela ezingajwayelekile zokushayeka kwenhliziyo ngesikhathi ulinde ukuhlinzwa noma ukuvalwa kwemvelo
• Ukusekelwa kokudla: Amafomela akhethekile ane-calorie ephakeme noma izindlela zokondla zingasiza izingane ukuba zithole isisindo ngendlela efanele
• Ukulungiswa ngokuhlinzwa: Ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo evulekile ukuqeda i-hole usebenzisa izinsingo noma i-patch eyenziwe nge-tissue yakho noma into yokuhlanganisa
• Ukuvalwa kwesixhobo: Inkambiso encane yokungena lapho isixhobo esincane sibekwa nge-catheter ukuvala izinhlobo ezithile ze-VSD

Ukuhlinzwa kuvame ukunconywa kuma-VSD amakhulu abangela izimpawu, avikele ukukhula okujwayelekile, noma kubeka engozini yezinye izinkinga ezinjengokuphakama kwe-pulmonary hypertension. Isikhathi sokuhlinzwa siyacishe sihluke kuye ngesimo sakho, kodwa kuvame ukwenziwa phakathi kweminyaka engu-6 kuya kwengu-2 ukuze kuzuzwe imiphumela emihle.

Iningi lokulungiswa kwe-VSD liphumelela kakhulu, ngaphezu kuka-95% yokuhlinzwa okuphumelela kahle isikhathi eside. Ngemva kokulungiswa okuphumelelayo, abantu abaningi bangabamba iqhaza kuzo zonke imisebenzi evamile ngaphandle kokumiswa, nakuba abanye bangadinga ukunakekelwa okuqhubekayo okwesikhashana ekuphileni kwabo konke.

Indlela yokuphatha i-ventricular septal defect ekhaya?

Uma ingane yakho ine-VSD, kunezinto eziningi ongenza ekhaya ukuze usekele impilo yayo nokuthuthuka. Iningi lezingane ezine-VSD encane zingaphila impilo evamile ngokuphelele ngezinto ezimbalwa ezengeziwe okumele uzicabange.

Ekudleni nasekuondleni, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni, ungase udinga ukwenza izinguquko ezithile:

• Nikeza ukudla okuncane, okuvamile uma ingane yakho ikhathala kalula
• Sebenzisa ifomela enama-calorie aphezulu noma izithuthukisi zobisi lwasemazini uma kunconywe ngudokotela wakho
• Gcina izikhathi zokudla zithule futhi zikhululekile ukuze unciphise ukucindezeleka kwingane yakho
• Qapha ukwanda kwesisindo ngokucophelela futhi ugcine ulandelela izindlela zokudla
• Cabanga ukusebenzisa i-nipple esheshayo uma ingane yakho isebenza kakhulu ukuze idle

Ngokwezinto zemihla ngemihla nokuthuthuka, izingane eziningi zingabamba iqhaza ngokujwayelekile emisebenzini efanele iminyaka yazo. Kodwa-ke, kungase kudingeke uqaphele izimpawu zokuthi ingane yakho ikhathala kakhulu kunokujwayelekile futhi uvumele ukuphumula okwengeziwe uma kudingeka.

Ukuvimbela ukutheleleka kubaluleke kakhulu ngoba izifo zokuphefumula zingaba nzima kakhulu kubantwana abaneziphoso zenhliziyo. Qiniseka ukuthi ingane yakho ihlala inezigqoko zokugcoba, igeza izandla njalo, futhi igweme ukubonisana nabantu abagulayo uma kungenzeka.

Gcina uqobo olujwayelekile lokulandelela ne-kardiologist yengane yakho, ngisho noma bebona bephilile ngokuphelele. Lezi zivivinyo zisiza odokotela ukuthi balandelele i-VSD futhi babambe noma yiziphi izinguquko ngokushesha. Unganqikazi ukubiza udokotela wakho uma ubona noma yiziphi izimpawu ezintsha noma unezinkinga ngesimo sengane yakho.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani ukubonisana nodokotela wakho?

Ukulungiselela ukubonisana kwakho kungakusiza ukuba wenze okuningi ngesikhathi sakho nodokotela futhi kuqinisekise ukuthi zonke izinkinga zakho zixazululwe. Ukuletha ulwazi olufanele nemibuzo kungadala ukunakekelwa okuhle kakhulu nokuthula kwengqondo.

Ngaphambi kokubonisana kwakho, buza ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana nempilo yengane yakho:

• Bhala phansi noma yiziphi izimpawu ozibonile, kufaka phakathi ukuthi zenzeka nini nokuthi zingaki
• Gcina ilogi yokondla izingane ezincane, uqaphele ukuthi zidla kangakanani nokuthi ukondla kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani
• Landelela ukukhula kwengane yakho, kufaka phakathi isisindo nobude
• Bala wonke amaphilisi kanye nezinye izinto zokwelapha ingane yakho ezithathayo
• Letha amarekhodi okuhlolwa kwenhliziyo kwangaphambili noma ukubonisana nodokotela abanye
• Qaphela noma yimuphi umlando womndeni wezinkinga zenhliziyo noma izimo ze-genetic

Lungisa imibuzo yokubuza udokotela wakho. Ezinye eziwusizo zingafaka:

• I-VSD inkulu kangakanani futhi itholakala kuphi ngempela?
• Yikuphi amathuba okuba ivaliwe yodwa?
• Ingabe kunomkhawulo wemisebenzi yengane yami?
• Ziyiphi izimpawu okumele zingenze ngikubize ngokushesha?
• Sizodinga ukuvakashela kaningi kangakanani?
• Kungani kungenzeka ukuba kwenziwe ukuhlinzwa, futhi lokho kuzoba yini?

Cabanga ukuthi ulethe ilungu lomndeni noma umngani ekuhlanganyeleni, ikakhulukazi uma uzizwa uxineke noma udidekile. Bangakusiza ukuba ukhumbule ulwazi olubalulekile futhi banikeze ukwesekwa ngokomzwelo ngesikhathi soxoxa ngesimo sengane yakho.

Iyini into ebaluleke kakhulu mayelana nokushoda kwe-ventricular septal?

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyiqonde nge-VSDs ukuthi zivame kakhulu futhi zilawuleka ngokuvamile. Nakuba ukuzwa ukuthi ingane yakho inesifo senhliziyo kungesabisa, izingane eziningi ezine-VSDs zikhula zibe nabuphila obuqondile, obuphilile.

I-VSD encane ivame ukuvalwa yodwa futhi ayibangeli izinkinga. Ngisho ne-VSD enkulu edinga ukwelashwa ingalungiswa ngempumelelo ngemiphumela emihle yesikhathi eside. Amathuluzi okuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo namuhla aphambili kakhulu futhi aphephile, ngezinga lokuphelela eliphezulu kuka-95%.

Ukukhathalela okuqhubekayo kubalulekile ekuqapheleni isimo sengane yakho nokuthola noma yiziphi izinguquko ngokushesha. Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lizokuqondisa kuzo zonke izinyathelo, kusukela ekutholakaleni kwesifo kuya kunoma iyiphi impilo edingekayo kanye nokukhathalela isikhathi eside.

Khumbula ukuthi isimo sengane ngayinye sihlukile. Okubaluleke kakhulu ukusebenzisana eduze nabaphakeli bakho bezempilo, uhlale unolwazi ngesimo esithile sengane yakho, futhi ugcine ithemba. Ngokunakekelwa okuhle nokuqapha, izingane ezine-VSDs ngokuvamile ziphumelela futhi zingabamba iqhaza ngokugcwele kuzo zonke imisebenzi ezithandayo.

Imibuzo evamile ebuzwayo mayelana nokushoda kwe-ventricular septal

Ingabe ingane yami ingadlala imidlalo ngokushoda kwe-ventricular septal?

Abantwana abaningi abanemivimbo emincane ye-VSD bangabamba iqhaza kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezemidlalo nemisebenzi yomzimba ngaphandle kokunqunywa. Udokotela wakho wezingqondo uzoqala isimo esithile sengane yakho futhi anikeze isiqondiso esisekelwe usayizi wesiphoso nokuthi inhliziyo yabo isebenza kahle kangakanani. Abantwana abanemivimbo emikhulu ye-VSD noma labo abaye bahlinzwa bangadinga ukuguqulwa kwemisebenzi, kodwa abaningi bangasajabulela ezemidlalo ngemvume efanele yezokwelapha.

Ingane yami ingadingeka yenze ukuhlinzwa uma inemivimbo emincane ye-VSD?

Iningi labantwana abanemivimbo emincane ye-VSD abadingi ukuhlinzwa. Cishe u-80% wemivimbo emincane ye-VSD yemisipha ivaliwe ngokwemvelo ngaphambi kweminyaka eyi-10, futhi izinhlobo eziningi ziyancipha noma zivaliwe ngokuphelele ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukuhlinzwa kuvame ukunconywa kuphela kwemivimbo emikhulu ye-VSD ebangela izimpawu, ethonya ukukhula, noma eholela ezingxakini ezifana ne-pulmonary hypertension.

Ingabe i-VSD iyefa, futhi ingabe abantwana bami abanye bayoba nayo na?

Nakuba i-genetics ingadlala indima kwi-VSDs, iningi livela ngokungahleliwe ngaphandle kwesakhiwo esicacile sefa. Ukuba nengane eyodwa enenkinga ye-VSD kukhuphula kancane ingozi yabantwana besikhathi esizayo, kodwa ingozi iyonke isancane. Uma ukhathazekile ngezinto ze-genetic, xoxa nodokotela wakho noma ucabange ngokwelulekwa kwe-genetic ukuze uthole ulwazi oluqondile.

Ukuhlinzwa kwe-VSD kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani, futhi ukululama kunjani?

Ukuhlinzwa kokulungisa i-VSD kuvame ukuthatha amahora angu-2-4, kuye ngokubunzima besiphoso. Abantwana abaningi bahlala esibhedlela izinsuku ezingu-3-7 ngemuva kokuhlinzwa. Ukululama okuqala ekhaya kuvame ukuthatha amasonto angu-2-4, lapho imisebenzi ikhuphuka kancane kancane. Abantwana abaningi bangabuyela emisebenzini evamile ngaphakathi kwamasonto angu-6-8, yize udokotela wakho uzohlinzeka ngezinkombandlela ezithile ngokususelwa esimweni sengane yakho.

Ingane yami ingadingeka yithole imithi yenhliziyo yempilo yonke ngemuva kokulungiswa kwe-VSD?

Abantwana abaningi abadingi imithi yenhliziyo isikhathi eside ngemva kokulungiswa okuphumelelayo kwe-VSD. Abanye bangadinga imithi yesikhashana phakathi nenqubo yokwelapha, kodwa uma inhliziyo iphulukile ngemva kokuhlinzwa, imithi ivame ukuyeka. Noma kunjalo, ukulandelela okuphila konke nodokotela we-cardiologist kuvame ukunconywa ukuqapha ukulungiswa nokuphila kwempilo yenhliziyo, ngisho noma kungekho imithi edingekayo.