Ukuwohloka Okunamafutha Kwamehlo? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

Ukuwohloka okunamafutha kwamehlo kuyisimo esibuhlungu sokuwohloka kwamehlo lapho imithambo yegazi engavamile ikhula ngaphansi kweliso lakho bese ikhipha amanzi noma igazi. Lokhu kwenzeka emacuala, ingxenye encane ephakathi yeliso lakho elikunika umbono oqondile, oqondile wokufunda nokubona ubuso.

Nakuba kuzwakala kukhulu, ukuwohloka okunamafutha kwamehlo kuchaphazela kuphela cishe i-10-15% yabantu abane-macular degeneration. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ukutholwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi nokwelashwa kwamanje kunganciphisa kakhulu ukuqhubeka kwalo futhi kusize ukulondoloza umbono wakho.

Iyini i-Wet Macular Degeneration?

Ukuwohloka okunamafutha kwamehlo kwenzeka lapho iso lakho lenza imithambo yegazi emisha, ebuthakathaka ngaphansi kwe-macula, inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-choroidal neovascularization. Le mithambo ifana nepayipi eleleka engalindelekile.

Ngokungafani nokuwohloka okwomile kwamehlo, okuqhubeka kancane eminyakeni eminingi, ukuwohloka okunamafutha kwamehlo kungabangela ukushintsha okusheshayo kombono ezinsukwini noma emaviki ambalwa. Amanzi agcwele negazi lilimaza amangqamuzana azwelayo ekukhanyeni emacuala, okwenza amabala abomvu noma umbono ohlanekezelwe endaweni yakho ephakathi yombono.

Umbono wakho ophakathi uvame ukuhlala uphelele ngalesi simo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi usengakwazi ukuhambahamba endlini yakho futhi ugcine ukhululekile, ngisho noma umbono wakho ophakathi uthinteka.

Ziyini Izimpawu Zokuwohloka Okunamafutha Kwamehlo?

Izimpawu zokuwohloka okunamafutha kwamehlo zivame ukuvela ngokuzumayo futhi zingabonakala kakhulu. Ungase uqale uqaphele ukuthi imigqa eqondile ibukeka iyinhlangothi noma igobile, njengokubuka ngamanzi.

Nawa amaphuzu abalulekile okumele uwabuke:

• Imigqa eqondile ebonakala iyinhlangothi, igobile, noma ehlanekezelwe
• Amabala amnyama noma angenalutho embonweni wakho ophakathi
• Umbono ophakathi ohlanekezelwe noma ongaqondile
• Imibala ebonakala ingakhanyi noma ingabonakali kahle
• Ubunzima ekufundeni noma ukubona imininingwane emincane
• Izinkinga ekubeni ubuso
• Udinga ukukhanya okukhulu lapho ufunda

Abanye abantu baba nezimpawu ezikhulu njengokulahleka kombono ngokuzumayo elinye iso noma ukubona izibani ezikhazimulayo. Lokhu kudinga ukunakekelwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kwezokwelapha, njengoba kungabonisa ukuphuza igazi noma ukwakheka okukhulu kwamanzi.

Yini Ebangela Ukuwohloka Okunamafutha Kwamehlo?

Ukuwohloka okunamafutha kwamehlo kwenzeka lapho iso lakho likhiqiza iprotheni eningi kakhulu ebizwa nge-VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor). Cabanga nge-VEGF njengesibonakaliso esitshela umzimba wakho ukuba ukhulise imithambo yegazi emisha.

Esoneni elihle, le nqubo ihlala ihlukaniswe. Kodwa-ke, lapho i-macula yonakele noma icindezelekile, ikhipha i-VEGF engaphezulu njengokuzama okungalungile ukuzisiza. Ngeshwa, le mithambo yegazi emisha ayenziwe kahle futhi ileka kalula.

Eziningi zezimpawu zokuwohloka okunamafutha kwamehlo ziqala njengokuwohloka okwomile kwamehlo. Cishe i-10-15% yabantu abane-AMD eyomile ekugcineni bathuthukisa uhlobo oluthambile. Isizathu esiqondile sale nqubo asiqondakali ngokuphelele, kodwa cishe kuhilela ukuxuba kwezinto zofuzo nolonamageza ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Nini Okufanele Ubone Udokotela Ngokuwohloka Okunamafutha Kwamehlo?

Kufanele uxhumane nochwepheshe wokunakekela amehlo ngokushesha uma uqaphela ukushintsha okungazelelwe embonweni wakho ophakathi. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma imigqa eqondile iqala ukubukeka iyinhlangothi noma uma uthuthukisa amabala amasha abomvu.

Cabanga ukuthi kuyaphuthuma uma uhlangabezana nokulahleka kombono ngokuzumayo, ukwanda okukhulu kokuguquguquka, noma uma ubona izibani ezikhazimulayo. Lezi zimpawu zingabonisa ukuphuza igazi noma ukwakheka okukhulu kwamanzi okudinga ukwelashwa okusheshayo.

Ngisho nokushintsha kancane kufanele kunakekelwe ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kunaseviki. Ukwelashwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kungenza umehluko omkhulu ekulondolozeni umbono wakho osaleyo nokuvimbela ukonakala okwengeziwe.

Ziyini Izinto Ezingaholela Ekuwohlokeni Okunamafutha Kwamehlo?

Izinto eziningi zingandisa amathuba akho okuthuthukisa ukuwohloka okunamafutha kwamehlo. Ukuqonda lokhu kungakusiza ukuba uthathe izinyathelo zokuvikela lapho kungenzeka.

Izinto eziyinhloko ezingaholela ekuwohlokeni okunamafutha kwamehlo zifaka:

• Iminyaka engaphezu kwe-60 (ingozi iyanda kakhulu ngemuva kwe-75)
• Ukuba nokuwohloka okwomile kwamehlo kakade
• Umlando womndeni wokuwohloka kwamehlo
• Ukubhema noma umlando wokubhema
• Ukuba umuntu omhlophe (nakuba ezinye izizwe zingathinteka)
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu
• Isifo senhliziyo
• Amazinga aphezulu e-cholesterol
• Ukukhuluphala
• Ukukhanya kwelanga isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokukhuselwa kwamehlo

Ezinye izinto ezingavamile ezingaholela ekuwohlokeni okunamafutha kwamehlo zifaka ukuguquguquka okuthile kwezinto zofuzo nokuba owesifazane. Nakuba ungakwazi ukushintsha iminyaka yakho, izinto zofuzo, noma ubulili, ungakwazi ukulungisa izinto zokuphila njengokubhema, ukudla, nokukhuselwa kwe-UV.

Ziyini Izingozi Ezingaba khona Zokuwohloka Okunamafutha Kwamehlo?

Ngaphandle kokwelashwa, ukuwohloka okunamafutha kwamehlo kungabangela ukulahleka okukhulu kombono ophakathi ezinyangeni noma ngisho naseviki. Ukukhathazeka okukhulu kukonakala okuqhubekayo kwe-macula yakho ngenxa yokuphazamiseka okuqhubekayo kwamanzi.

Izingozi ezingaba khona zifaka:

• Ukulahleka okukhulu kombono ophakathi noma ubuvila bomthetho
• Ukwenziwa kwe-scar tissue ngaphansi kwe-macula
• Ukuphuza igazi (ukuphuza igazi) ngaphansi kweliso
• Ukuhlukana kweliso ezimweni ezingavamile
• Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-choroidal neovascular membranes
• I-geographic atrophy (izindawo ze-retinal tissue efile)

Umphumela oqondakalayo awufanele uhlale ukhona. Abantu abaningi baba nokukhathazeka, ukucindezeleka, noma ukwesaba ngokulahlekelwa ngokuzimela. Kodwa-ke, ngokwelashwa kwamanje, umbono ukhulu kakhulu kunokuba wawunjalo eminyakeni eyishumi edlule.

Ukuwohloka Okunamafutha Kwamehlo Kuhlolwa Kanjani?

Udokotela wakho weziso uzosebenzisa ukuhlolwa okuningi ukuhlola ukuwohloka okunamafutha kwamehlo nokubona ukuthi kuqhubeke kangakanani. Inqubo ivame ukuqala ngokuhlolwa okuphelele kwamehlo nencwadi yakho yezimpawu.

Ithuluzi eliyinhloko yi-Amsler grid, i-chart elula enemigqa eqondile esiza ekubeni uqaphele ukuguquguquka kombono. Udokotela wakho uzophinde aqhube izilwane zakho ukuhlola emuva kweliso lakho ngezinsimbi ezikhethekile.

Ukuhlolwa okuningiliziwe kufaka i-fluorescein angiography, lapho i-dye isetshenziswa engalweni yakho ukuqopha imithambo yegazi eliswini lakho. I-Optical coherence tomography (OCT) yenza izithombe eziqondile ze-cross-sectional yeliso lakho, ebonisa ukwakheka kwamanzi nobukhulu be-tissue ngokunemba okukhulu.

Lezi zivivinyo zisiza udokotela wakho ukuba aqonde indawo nezinga lemithambo yegazi engavamile, okuqondisa izinqumo zokwelapha. Inqubo yonke yokuhlola ivame ukuthatha cishe ihora futhi ivame ukuba yintokozo.

Iyini Ukwelashwa Kokuwohloka Okunamafutha Kwamehlo?

Ukwelashwa okuyinhloko kokuwohloka okunamafutha kwamehlo kuhilela ukugxilwa kwe-anti-VEGF ngqo eliswini lakho. Lezi zidakamizwa zivala iprotheni ebangela ukukhula kwemithambo yegazi engavamile nokuleka.

Imithi evamile ye-anti-VEGF ifaka i-ranibizumab (Lucentis), i-aflibercept (Eylea), ne-brolucizumab (Beovu). Udokotela wakho uzogxila lezi zidakamizwa eliswini lakho usebenzisa unhlanzi oluthambile kakhulu ngemuva kokunciphisa indawo ngamaconsi.

Ukuphathwa kuvame ukuqala ngokugxilwa nyanga zonke ezinyangeni ezimbalwa zokuqala, bese kuthi ubukhulu bunganciphisa ngokusekelwe ekuphenduleni kwakho. Abantu abaningi badinga ukwelashwa okuqhubekayo njalo ngemva kwamasonto angu-6-12 ukuze bahlale bekhululekile.

Ezimweni ezithile, udokotela wakho angakuncoma i-photodynamic therapy, esebenzisa imithi esebenzisa ukukhanya ukuvala imithambo yegazi engavamile. Ukwelashwa nge-laser akusetshenziswa kakhulu namuhla kodwa kungafaneleka ezimweni ezithile.

Indlela Yokunakekela Ekhaya Ngesikhathi Sokwelashwa Kokuwohloka Okunamafutha Kwamehlo?

Ukusekela impilo yakho yamehlo ekhaya kungagcwalisa ukwelashwa kwakho kwezokwelapha futhi kungenciphisa ukuqhubeka. Gxila ekuvikeleni amehlo akho nokugcina impilo yonke.

Ukudla kudlala indima ebalulekile empilweni yamehlo. Cabanga ukuthatha amavithamini e-AREDS2, anamazinga athile amavithamini C ne-E, i-zinc, i-copper, i-lutein, ne-zeaxanthin. Lezi zengezo zibonisiwe ukuthi zinciphisa ukuqhubeka kwabanye abantu abane-macular degeneration.

Dla imifino eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka eningi njengesi-spinach ne-kale, ecebile nge-lutein ne-zeaxanthin. Ama-Omega-3 fatty acids avela ezinhlanzini angase futhi asekele impilo ye-retinal. Uma ubhema, ukuyeka kuyinye yezinyathelo ezibaluleke kakhulu ongazithatha.

Vikele amehlo akho ekukhanyeni kwe-UV ngezigqoko ezinhle lapho ukhona ngaphandle. Sebenzisa ukukhanya okuhle lapho ufunda, futhi cabanga ngezinsimbi zokukhulisa noma izinto ezincane ukuze unciphise ukucindezeleka kwamehlo.

Kufanele Uzilungiselele Kanjani Ukuya Kulodokotela?

Ukulungiselela i-aphoyintimenti yakho kungakusiza ukuba wenze kakhulu isikhathi sakho nodokotela futhi kuqinisekise ukuthi uthola lonke ulwazi olulodwa. Qala ngokubhala zonke izimpawu zakho, kufaka phakathi ukuthi zaqala nini nokuthi zishintshe kanjani.

Letha uhlu lwemithi yonke oyithathayo, kufaka phakathi izingcebo ezingaphezulu kwesikhashana. Umlando wakho wezokwelapha, ikakhulu umlando womndeni wezinkinga zamehlo, uzoba usizo ku-dokotela wakho ukuthi azi.

Cabanga ukuletha ilungu lomndeni noma umngani ukuze akusize ukukhumbula ulwazi nokukunikeza ukwesekwa. Ngemuva kokukhuluphala kwamehlo, umbono wakho ungase uhlanekezele amahora ambalwa, ngakho-ke uzodinga othile ozohamba nawe ekhaya.

Lungisa imibuzo mayelana nezinketho zakho zokwelapha, lokho okufanele ukulindele ekuhlanganiseni, nokuthi uzodinga kangaki ukuvakashela okulandelayo. Unganqikazi ukubuza ngezinhlelo zokusiza zezezimali uma izindleko ziyinkathazo.

Iyini Iphuzu Eliyinhloko Ngokuwohloka Okunamafutha Kwamehlo?

Ukuwohloka okunamafutha kwamehlo kuyisimo esibuhlungu, kodwa akusikho isinqumo esingenathemba njengoba kwakunjalo ngaphambili. Ngokwelashwa okusheshayo, abantu abaningi banganciphisa umbono wabo futhi abanye ngisho nokuthuthukisa umbono. Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyikhumbule ukuthi isikhathi sibalulekile. Uma ukwelashwa kuqala ngokushesha, amathuba akho okulondoloza umbono amahle kakhulu. Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okuvamile nokubheka noma yikuphi ukushintsha embonweni wakho kungenza umehluko omkhulu emiphumeleni yakho.

Nakuba ukuphila nokuwohloka okunamafutha kwamehlo kudinga ukulungiswa, abantu abaningi baqhubeka bephila impilo ezele, ezazimele. Izinto zokusiza umbono ophansi, amaqembu wokusekela, nezinsizakalo zokuvuselela zingakusiza ukuba ulungise futhi ugcine ikhwalithi yakho yokuphila.

Imibuzo Evamile Ngokuwohloka Okunamafutha Kwamehlo

Q1: Ngingaphuka ngokuphelele yini ngenxa yokuwohloka okunamafutha kwamehlo?

Ukuphuka ngokuphelele kuyinto engavamile ngokuwohloka okunamafutha kwamehlo. Lesi simo siqala umbono wakho ophakathi, ngenkathi umbono wakho ophakathi uvame ukuhlala uphelele. Lokhu kusho ukuthi usengakwazi ukuhambahamba endaweni yakho, nakuba imisebenzi edinga umbono ophakathi oqondile njengokufunda ingaba nzima. Ngokwelashwa kwamanje, abantu abaningi bagcina umbono osebenzayo iminyaka eminingi.

Q2: Ukugxilwa kwamehlo okuwukwelapha kubhlungu kangakanani?

Abantu abaningi bathola ukuthi ukugxilwa akuhlungu kakhulu kunokulindelekile. Udokotela wakho uzonciphisa iso lakho ngamaconsi ngaphambili, ngakho-ke uvame ukuzwa kuphela ukucindezela okuncane kunokubuhlungu. Ukugxilwa ngokwalo kuthatha imizuzwana nje. Abanye abantu baba nokungakhululeki okuncane noma umuzwa onamathanga usuku noma amabili kamuva, kodwa izinkinga ezinkulu azivamile.

Q3: Ingaphiliswa yini i-wet macular degeneration?

Okwamanje ayikho impilo yokuwohloka okunamafutha kwamehlo, kodwa ukwelashwa kungalawula ngempumelelo lesi simo ezimweni eziningi. Ukugxilwa kwe-anti-VEGF kungayeka noma kunciphisa ukulahleka kombono futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nokuthuthukisa umbono. Umgomo ukuphatha lesi simo njengesi-chronic illness kunokuyiphilisa ngokuphelele. Ucwaningo mayelana nokwelashwa okusha luyaqhubeka lubonisa ithemba.

Q4: Lesi simo sizochaphazela yini womabili amehlo ami?

Ukuwohloka okunamafutha kwamehlo kuvame ukuchaphazela elinye iso kuqala, kodwa kunengozi enkulu yokuthi lithuthukise kweliso lesibili ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Izifundo zibonisa ukuthi cishe i-12-15% yabantu bathuthukisa i-wet AMD kweliso labo lesibili ngaphakathi konyaka, futhi ingozi iyaqhubeka ikhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukubheka njalo kwawomabili amehlo kubalulekile ekutholeni kwangaphambi kwesikhathi nokwelashwa.

Q5: Ngingasaphatha yini imoto ngokuwohloka okunamafutha kwamehlo?

Amandla okuphatha imoto axhomeke ezingeni lokulahleka kombono wakho neloso elithintekile. Abantu abaningi abane-wet macular degeneration ekuqaleni bangaphatha imoto, ikakhulu uma elinye iso kuphela elithintekile. Kodwa-ke, kuzodingeka udlule ezivivinyweni zombono ezidingekayo yi-DMV yesifundazwe sakho. Udokotela wakho weziso angakusiza ukubona ukuphepha kwakho kokuphatha imoto futhi anikeze amasu noma imishini yokulungisa uma kudingeka.