Ukuqabana Nekhekhe: Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

Ukuqabana nekhekhe kungenxa yokuthi isimiso sakho sokuvikela simotha kakhulu amaprotheni atholakala ekhekheni. Uma udla ikhekhe, umzimba wakho uyakubona njengomona ongokwemvelo futhi uqale ukuhulumeni.

Lesi simo sihlupha kokubili izingane nabantu abadala, nakuba kuvamile ezinganeni. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi izingane eziningi ziyakwazi ukukhula ngokuphelele ekuqabana nekhekhe ngesikhathi sezingane zabo. Ngokungafani nesifo se-celiac, esilimaza amabele akho, ukuqabana nekhekhe kuyimpendulo yokuphikisana okusheshayo engathinta izingxenye eziningi zomzimba wakho.

Ziyini izimpawu zokuqabana nekhekhe?

Izimpawu zokuqabana nekhekhe zingaba kusukela ekuhluphekeni okuncane kuya ekuphenduleni okukhulu. Umzimba wakho ungase uphendule ngemizuzu embalwa noma ngisho namahora ambalwa ngemuva kokudla ikhekhe.

Izimpawu ezivamile ongazihlangabezana nazo zihlanganisa:

• Ukuphikisana kwesikhumba njengezinhlamvu, isikhumba esibomvu, noma ukukhahlela
• Izinkinga zokugaya ukudla njengokuphefumula, ukugabha, noma isifo sohudo
• Ukuqina kwempumulo noma ukopha kwempumulo
• Ubunzima bokuthinta noma ukukhwehlela
• Ukukhula kwamazinyo, olulimi, noma umlomo
• Izinhlungu zikhanda noma ukucasuka

Kwezinye izikhathi, ukuqabana nekhekhe kungabangela i-anaphylaxis, okuyisimo esibi esingabulala. Lesi simo esibi sibangela ukuba uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi luwe ngokushesha futhi izindlela zakho zokuphefumula zibe mncintisana. Ungase uzizwe ukhuluphuka, ube nobunzima bokuthinta, noma ulahlekelwe yikwazi.

Abanye abantu bathuthukisa ukuqabana nekhekhe okuqaliswe ukwenza umsebenzi, lapho izimpawu zivele kuphela uma wenza umsebenzi ngaphakathi kwamahora ambalwa ngemuva kokudla ikhekhe. Lolu hlobo olungavamile lungaba yingozi ngokukhethekile ngoba umsebenzi womzimba ukhulisa ukuphikisana okuqabana.

Yini ebangela ukuqabana nekhekhe?

Ukuqabana nekhekhe kwenzeka lapho isimiso sakho sokuvikela sibona amaprotheni ekhekhe njengezinto eziyingozi. Umzimba wakho ube usenza ama-antibodies okuthiwa yi-immunoglobulin E (IgE) ukuze ulwe namaprotheni.

Amaprotheni amane amakhulu ekhekhe angabangela ukuphikisana okuqabana:

• I-Albumin
• I-Globulin
• I-Gliadin
• I-Gluten

Uma udla ikhekhe futhi, la ma-antibodies ayobika esimisweni sakho sokuvikela ukuthi sikhiphe amakhemikhali afana ne-histamine. La makhemikhali abangela izimpawu ezingathandeki ozibona ngesikhathi sokuphikisana okuqabana.

I-Genetics idlala indima ekuthuthukiseni ukuqabana nekhekhe. Uma abazali bakho noma abazalwana bakho bane-allergies yokudla, i-asthma, noma i-eczema, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi uthuthukise ukuqabana nekhekhe. Kodwa-ke, usengathuthukisa lesi simo ngisho noma ungenayo umlando womndeni.

Nini kufanele ubone udokotela ngokuqabana nekhekhe?

Kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho uma uhlala uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezingathandeki ngemuva kokudla imikhiqizo ekhekhe. Ngisho nokuphikisana okuncane kufanele kutholakale ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngoba ngezinye izikhathi kungaba sibi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Funani ukunakekelwa okusheshayo kwezimo eziphuthumayo uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezinkulu njengobunzima bokuthinta, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, ukukhuphuka, noma ukukhula okubanzi. Lezi zimpawu zingase zibonise i-anaphylaxis, edinga ukwelashwa okusheshayo nge-epinephrine.

Kubalulekile futhi ukubona udokotela wakho uma ungaqiniseki ukuthi izimpawu zakho zihambisana nokuqabana nekhekhe, isifo se-celiac, noma ukuqabana nekhekhe. Lezi zimo zidinga izindlela ezahlukene zokuphatha, futhi ukuxilongwa okuqondile kukusiza uthole ukwelashwa okulungile.

Ziyini izinto ezingase zikhulise amathuba okuqabana nekhekhe?

Izinto eziningi zingase zikhulise amathuba okuqabana nekhekhe. Ukuqonda lezi zinto ezingase zikhulise amathuba kukusiza uhlale uqaphile izimpawu ezingase zivele.

Ubudala buyinto ebalulekile, njengoba ukuqabana nekhekhe kuvame ukuthuthukiswa ebuntwaneni nasebuntwaneni obuqalayo. Izingane eziningi ziyakwazi ukukhula kuleli qabana ngaphambi kweminyaka engu-16, nakuba abanye abadala bengase bathuthukise kamuva ekuphileni kwabo.

Umlando womndeni uthinta kakhulu ingozi yakho. Uma izihlobo zakho eziseduze zine-allergies yokudla, i-asthma, i-eczema, noma i-hay fever, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi uthuthukise ukuqabana nekhekhe. Ukuba nezinye i-allergies yokudla futhi kukhulise ingozi yakho.

Abantu abasebenza imisebenzi ethile babhekene nokutholakala okukhulu kwamaprotheni ekhekhe. Abapheki, abasebenzi bemishini yokugaya, nabasebenzi bezindawo zokudlela abaphatha ukhukhwini ekhekhe njalo bangase bathuthukise ukuqabana nekhekhe emsebenzini ngokuphefumula izinhlayiya zekhekhe njalo.

Ziyini izinhlupheko ezingase zivele ngokuqabana nekhekhe?

Nakuba abantu abaningi baphatha ukuqabana nekhekhe ngempumelelo, ezinye izinhlupheko zingase zivele uma isimo singaphathwa kahle. Ukuqaphela lezi zinto ezingase zivele kukusiza uthathe izinyathelo ezifanele.

I-Anaphylaxis imele inhlupheko eyingozi kakhulu. Lokhu kuphikisana okukhulu kungase kwenzeke ngemizuzu embalwa ngemuva kokudla ikhekhe futhi kuthonya izinhlelo eziningi zomzimba. Ukuthinta kwakho kuya kunzima, uxinzelelo lwegazi luya phansi kakhulu, futhi ungase ulahlekelwe yikwazi.

Ukungahlali kahle kokudla kungase kuvelele uma ususa imikhiqizo ekhekhe ngaphandle kokuhlela kahle. Ikhekhe linikeza izondlo ezibalulekile njenge-B vitamins, i-iron, ne-fiber. Ukusebenza nodokotela wezondlo kukusiza uqinisekise ukuthi ugcina ukudla okuqondile ngenkathi ugwema ikhekhe.

Izinselele zokuxhumana nabantu kanye nezingqondo zivame ukubhekana nokuqabana nekhekhe. Ungase uzizwe ukhathazekile ngokudla ngaphandle, ukuya emihlanganweni yokuxhumana nabantu, noma ukuhamba. Izingane ezinawo ukuqabana nekhekhe zingase zihlangabezane nokucindezeleka ngokudla esikoleni noma emibuthanweni yokuzalwa.

Ukuqabana nekhekhe kungavimbeka kanjani?

Okwamanje, ayikho indlela eqinisekisiwe yokuvimbela ukuqabana nekhekhe ukuthi kuthuthuke. Kodwa-ke, ungathatha izinyathelo zokunciphisa ingozi yokuphikisana okukhulu uma usuvele uneleli qabana.

Ukungeniswa kwekhekhe kwasekuqaleni kubantwana abasanda kuzalwa kungase kusize ukuvimbela ukuqabana nekhekhe, nakuba ucwaningo lusaluqhubeka. Ezinye izifundo zibonisa ukuthi ukungenisa ikhekhe phakathi kwezinyanga eziyi-4-6 ubudala, ngenkathi uqhubeka uncelisa, kungase kunciphisa ingozi yokuqabana.

Uma ukhulelwe noma uncelisa futhi ukhathazekile ngokuqabana nekhekhe, xoxa nomlando womndeni wakho nodokotela wakho. Bangakunikeza isiqondiso esiqondene nesimo sakho esithile nocwaningo lwamuva.

Ukuqabana nekhekhe kuhlonzwa kanjani?

Ukuhlonzwa kokuqabana nekhekhe kuhilela izinyathelo eziningi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amaprotheni ekhekhe abangela izimpawu zakho. Udokotela wakho uzoqala ngokuxoxa ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha kanye nezimpawu ozibonile.

Izivivinyo zokubeka i-prick yesikhumba zivame ukusetshenziswa ukuhlonza ukuqabana nekhekhe. Ngalesi sivivinyo, udokotela wakho ubeka inani elincane leprotheni ekhekhe ngaphansi kwesikhumba sakho futhi ubuke ukuphikisana okuqabana njengokubomvu noma ukukhula.

Izivivinyo zegazi zilinganisa inani lama-antibodies e-IgE umzimba wakho owenza njengomphendulo kumaprotheni ekhekhe. Amazinga aphezulu ala ma-antibodies abonisa ukuthi uqabana nekhekhe, nakuba imiphumela kufanele ichazwe kanye nezimpawu zakho.

Kwezinye izikhathi, udokotela wakho angase akukhuthaze ukudla okulinganiselwe kokudla. Lesi sivivinyo esiqondiswe sihilela ukudla amaqanda amancane ekhekhe endaweni yokwelapha eqondiswe ukuqaphela ukuphikisana komzimba wakho. Lesi sivivinyo sinikeza ukuxilongwa okuqondile kakhulu kodwa kufanele senziwe esikhungweni esilungele ukuphatha ukuphikisana okukhulu.

Ukuphathwa kokuqabana nekhekhe kuyini?

Ukuphathwa okuyinhloko kokuqabana nekhekhe ukugwema ngokuphelele ikhekhe nemikhiqizo ehlanganisa ikhekhe. Lokhu kusho ukufunda imibhalo yemikhiqizo ngokucophelela nokubuza ngezithako uma udla ngaphandle.

Udokotela wakho cishe uzokunikeza i-epinephrine auto-injector uma usengozini yokuphikisana okukhulu. Le divayisi inikeza inani le-epinephrine elingabuyisela izimpawu ze-anaphylaxis. Kufanele uthwale ama-auto-injectors amabili nawe ngaso sonke isikhathi futhi wazi ukuthi ungawasebenzisa kanjani kahle.

Ama-antihistamines angasiza ekuphatheni ukuphikisana okuqabana okuncane njengezinhlamvu noma ukukhahlela. Kodwa-ke, ngeke kuyeke ukuphikisana okukhulu, ngakho akufanele athathe indawo ye-epinephrine auto-injector yakho ngezimpawu ezinkulu.

Abanye abantu bazuza ngokusebenza nodokotela we-allergist oqeqeshwe ngezinto eziqabana. Bangakusiza uthuthukise uhlelo lokusebenza lwezimo eziphuthumayo futhi bangase baxoxe ngezindlela ezintsha zokwelapha njenge-oral immunotherapy, nakuba lezi zindlela zisacwaningwa ngokuqabana nekhekhe.

Indlela yokuphatha ukuqabana nekhekhe ekhaya?

Ukuphatha ukuqabana nekhekhe ekhaya kudinga ukunakekelwa okucophelela kokukhetha nokulungiselela ukudla. Qala ngokuhlanza kahle ikhishi lakho ukususa izinsalela zekhekhe emaphethelweni, ezinsizeni, nasezithangamini.

Funda yonke imibhalo yemikhiqizo ngokucophelela, njengoba ikhekhe livela emikhiqizweni eminingi engaqondakali. Bheka amagama afana ne-wheat flour, i-wheat starch, i-wheat bran, ne-wheat germ. Eminye imikhiqizo ehlanganisiwe, amasose, kanye nemikhiqizo yokuhlobisa ihlanganisa izithako ezivela ekhekhe.

Dala ikhishi elingenayo ikhekhe elihlanganisa ezinye izinto eziphephile. Irayisi, i-quinoa, amaphathi, ne-oats eziqinisekisiwe ezingenayo i-gluten zingase zithathe indawo yekhekhe ezindleleni eziningi zokupheka. Izitolo eziningi manje zithwala ubhiya, ipasta, nemikhiqizo yokubhaka engenayo ikhekhe.

Ukuhlanganiswa kwezinto eziningi kuyingozi yangempela emakhishi ahlanganyelwe. Sebenzisa amabhodi okusika, ama-toasters, nezithuluzi zokupheka ezahlukene kokudla okungenayo ikhekhe. Gcina ukudla kwakho okuhle ezikhwameni ezicacile ukuvimbela ukuxubana.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani i-aphoyintimenti yakho nodokotela?

Ukulungiselela ukuvakasha kwakho nodokotela kuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola ukuxilongwa okuqondile kakhulu nehlelo lokwelapha elifanele. Gcina idayari yokudla eningiliziwe okungenani amasonto amabili ngaphambi kwe-aphoyintimenti yakho.

Bhala konke okudlayo nokuphakelayo, kanye nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ozibonayo. Qaphela isikhathi sezimo kanye nobunzima bazo. Lolu lwazi lusiza udokotela wakho ukuhlonza izibonelo kanye nezinye izinto ezingase zikhulise amathuba.

Letha uhlu lwemithi yakho yamanje, kuhlanganise nemithi yokuthengwa ngaphandle komthetho kanye nezinye izinto. Eminye imithi ingathinta imiphumela yokuvivinywa kwe-allergy, ngakho udokotela wakho udinga ukwazi ukuthi yini oyithathayo.

Lungiselela imibuzo yokuphatha isimo sakho. Buza ngokwelashwa kwezimo eziphuthumayo, ukudla okuhle, kanye nendlela yokuphatha izimo zokuxhumana nabantu ezihilela ukudla. Unganqikazi ukucela imiyalo ebhalwe phansi noma izinsiza zokusekela okwengeziwe.

Iyini into ebalulekile ngokuqabana nekhekhe?

Ukuqabana nekhekhe kuyisimo esiphatheka kalula esidinga ukuqapha nokulungiselela, kodwa akudingeki ukulinganiselwe impilo yakho. Ngokuxilongwa okuqondile nokuphathwa, ungaphepha imisebenzi yansuku zonke ngenkathi ugwema ukutholakala kwekhekhe.

Isinyathelo esibaluleke kakhulu ukusebenza nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ukuthuthukisa uhlelo lokuphatha oluphelele. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukwazi ukuhlonza izimpawu, ukuba nemithi yezimo eziphuthumayo, nokuqonda ukuthi yikuphi ukudla okufanele kukugwenywe.

Abantu abaningi abanawo ukuqabana nekhekhe baphila impilo egcwele, esebenzayo ngokufunda ukufunda imibhalo yemikhiqizo, ukulungiselela ukudla okuhle, nokuxhumana nezidingo zabo ngokucacile kwabanye. Ukusekelwa komndeni, abangane, nabachwepheshe bezempilo kwenza ukuphatha lesi simo kube lula kakhulu.

Imibuzo evamile ebuzwa ngokuqabana nekhekhe

Ukuqabana nekhekhe kufana nesifo se-celiac?

Cha, ukuqabana nekhekhe nesifo se-celiac azifani. Ukuqabana nekhekhe kuyimpendulo yesimiso sokuvikela esenzeka ngokushesha ngemuva kokudla ikhekhe, kuyilapho isifo se-celiac kuyisimo sokuphikisana komzimba esilimaza amabele akho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi uma udla i-gluten. Abantu abanesifo se-celiac kufanele bagweme i-gluten evela ekhekhe, ubhiya, ne-rye, kuyilapho labo abanawo ukuqabana nekhekhe badinga ukugwema amaprotheni ekhekhe kuphela.

Ngingadla ezinye izinhlobo zokudla uma nginawo ukuqabana nekhekhe?

Yebo, abantu abaningi abanawo ukuqabana nekhekhe bangadla ezinye izinhlobo zokudla njengerayisi, ikhukhumba, i-oats, i-quinoa, nebhiya. Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu bane-allergies ezinhlotsheni eziningi zokudla, ngakho kubalulekile ukuhlola yonke inhlobo yekhekhe ngokuhlukana ngaphansi kwesiqondiso sodokotela wakho. Njalo khetha izinguqulo eziqinisekisiwe ezingenayo i-gluten uma ukhathazekile ngokuxubana ngesikhathi sokwenza.

Ingane yami iyokwazi ukukhula ngokuqabana nekhekhe?

Izingane eziningi ziyakwazi ukukhula ngokuqabana nekhekhe, ngezifundo ezibonisa ukuthi cishe i-65% yezingane azisalinawo ukuqabana ngaphambi kweminyaka engu-12. Kodwa-ke, ingane ngayinye iyahlukile, futhi ezinye zingase ziqhubeke zine-allergy yekhekhe ekuphileni kwazo. I-allergist yakho ingaqapha isimo sengane yakho ngokuvivinywa njalo ukuze ibone ukuthi i-allergy iyasuka.

Ukuqabana nekhekhe kungase kuvelele ngokuzumayo kubantu abadala?

Yebo, abantu abadala bangase bathuthukise ukuqabana nekhekhe ngisho noma bedlile imikhiqizo ekhekhe ngaphandle kwezinkinga iminyaka eminingi. Ukuqabana nekhekhe okwenzeka kubantu abadala kuncane kunokuqabana nekhekhe ebuntwaneni, kodwa kungenzeka. Abanye abadala bathuthukisa ukuqabana nekhekhe emsebenzini ngokutholakala njalo ekhekhe emsebenzini wabo, njengabapheki noma abasebenzi bemishini yokugaya.

Kufanele ngenze njani uma ngidla ikhekhe ngephutha?

Uma udla ikhekhe ngephutha futhi unezimpawu ezincane njengokungakhululeki esiswini noma ukuphikisana kwesikhumba, thatha i-antihistamine futhi uqaphe izimpawu zakho eduze. Kodwa-ke, uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezinkulu njengobunzima bokuthinta, ukukhula kobuso noma umlomo, noma uzizwe ukhuluphuka nobuthakathaka, sebenzisa i-epinephrine auto-injector yakho ngokushesha futhi ubizela izinsizakalo zezimo eziphuthumayo. Ngisho noma uzizwa kangcono ngemuva kokusebenzisa i-epinephrine, usadinga ukwelashwa kwezimo eziphuthumayo.