Ukuhlanza Lwezinyoni Yukuhlanza Yini? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, & Ukwelashwa

Ukuhlanza kwezinyoni yisifo esithathelwanayo kakhulu sobhaktheriya esibangela ukuhlanza okunzima, okuqhubekayo okulandelelwa umsindo oqondile "wokuhlanza" uma uzama ukuphefumula. Kubizwa nangokuthi i-pertussis, lesi sifo sempilo sokuphefumula singathinta abantu banoma iyiphi iminyaka kodwa sivame ukuba sibi kakhulu kubantwana abasebancane nabancane.

Lesi simo sithola igama laso emsindweni oqondile "wokuhlanza" ophezulu ovela uma umuntu ezama ukuphefumula emva kokuhlakaza okuningi. Nakuba kungase kuzwakale kuyesabekayo, ukuqonda ukuhlanza kwezinyoni kungakusiza ukuthi uqaphele izimpawu ngokushesha bese ufuna ukunakekelwa okufanele.

Ziyini izimpawu zokuhlanza kwezinyoni?

Izimpawu zokuhlanza kwezinyoni zivame ukuvela ezigabeni ezintathu ezahlukene, ngayinye ihlala amasonto ambalwa. Izimpawu zokuqala zivame ukubonakala njengesiqhingi esivamile, okungenza kube nzima ukuqaphela ekuqaleni.

Esigabeni sokuqala, esibizwa ngesigaba se-catarrhal, ungase ube nezimpawu ezilula ezizwakala njengesiqhingi esivamile. Leli zinga lihlala amasonto angu-1-2 futhi lihlanganisa ukopha kwesinhlungu, ukushisa komzimba okuphansi, nokuhlanza okuncane okungahle kube khona. Abantu abaningi abazi ukuthi banokuhlanza kwezinyoni ngalesi sikhathi ngoba izimpawu zibonakala zivamile.

Isigaba sesibili siletha ukuhlanza okunzima okuphawulekayo okunika ukuhlanza kwezinyoni igama laso. Nanka ongaqaphela ngesikhathi saleli zinga le-paroxysmal:

• Ukuhlanza okunzima okungathatha imizuzu embalwa
• Umsindo oqondile "wokuhlanza" uma uzama ukuphefumula emva kokuhlakaza
• Ukugabha ngesikhathi sokuhlanza noma ngemva kokuhlanza
• Ukukhathala ngenxa yokuhlakaza okunzima
• Ubunzima bokudla, ukuphuza, noma ukulala ngenxa yokuhlakaza okuvamile
• Ubuso obuphenduka bubomvu noma obuluhlaza ngesikhathi sokuhlanza okunzima

Lesi sigaba esinamandla sivame ukuphela amasonto angu-2-6 futhi singakudiniselisa ngokomzimba nangokomzwelo. Ukukhokha kuvame ukwenzeka kakhulu ebusuku, okungaphazamisa ubuthongo bakho futhi kukushiye uzizwa udiniwe.

Isigaba sokugcina sokuphulukana sihilela ukunciphisa kancane izimpawu zokukhokha ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kuya ezinyangeni. Noma kunjalo, ungase uqhubeke uhlangabezana nokuqhuma okungahleliwe kokukhokha, ikakhulukazi uma ubamba ezinye izifo zokuphefumula phakathi nalesi sikhathi sokuphulukana.

Yini ebangela isifo sokuqopha?

Isifo sokuqopha sibangelwa yibhaktheriya ethile ebizwa ngeBordetella pertussis. Lo mzimba omncane unamathela ezinhlobonhlobo ezincane (cilia) ezifakwe ohlelweni lwakho lokuphefumula oluphezulu futhi ikhipha izinto ezibuhlungu ezilimaza lezi zikhiye ezivikelayo.

Ibhaktheriya yasakazeka kalula kumuntu nomuntu ngezintuli zokuphefumula lapho umuntu onalesi sifo ekhokha, ethikameza, noma ekhuluma. Ungathola isifo sokuqopha ngokuphefumula lezi zintuli ezingcolile noma ngokuthinta izindawo lapho ibhaktheriya iye yafika khona bese uthinta umlomo wakho, khona, noma amehlo.

Okwenza isifo sokuqopha sibe inselele ikakhulu yilokho ukuthi abantu banesifo esikhulu kakhulu ekuqaleni kwesigaba esifana nefriji lapho bengase bangazi ukuthi banaso. Phakathi neviki lokuqala noma ezimbili, inani lebhaktheriya ohlelweni lwakho lokuphefumula liphezulu kakhulu, okwenza ukudluliselwa kube lula.

Ibhaktheriya ingaphila ezingosini isikhathi esilinganiselwe, yize ukuxhumana ngqo komuntu nomuntu kuhlala kuyindlela eyinhloko yokusakazeka kwesifo. Abantu abaseduze ekhaya, abafundi, nabantu osebenza nabo babhekene nezingozi eziphezulu zokubamba isifo sokuqopha kumuntu onalesi sifo.

Nini kufanele ubheke udokotela ngesifo sokuqopha?

Kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho uma wena noma ingane yakho ithuthukisa ukukhokha okuqhubekayo okuphela izinsuku ezimbalwa, ikakhulukazi uma kuhambisana nomculo “wokuqopha”. Ukunakekelwa kwasekuseni kwezokwelapha kungasiza ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa nokuqala ukwelashwa ukuze kuncishiswe ubukhulu bezimpawu.

Funani usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma ubona noma yiziphi izimpawu ezikhathazayo ngesikhathi sokubhema:

• Ubunzima bokuthinta umoya noma ukuphefumula okusheshayo phakathi kwezikhathi zokubhema
• Isikumba, izindebe, noma iinzipho eziphenduka oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma olugrey (cyanosis)
• Ukugabha njalo ngemva kokubhema, okuholela ekusweleni kwamanzi
• Izimpawu zokuswela amanzi njengokuomilela okukhulu, umlomo owomile, noma ukunciphisa ukuthamba
• Ukuvuvukala okuphezulu (ngaphezulu kuka-101°F noma 38.3°C)
• Ukuhlushwa yizigwegwe noma ukulahlekelwa yiqondo

Kubantwana abangaphansi kwezinyanga eziyisi-6, isifo sokubhema singaba yingozi eyingozi futhi sidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okusheshayo. Izingane zingase zingathuthuki 'ukubhema' okuvamile kodwa zingaba nobunzima bokuthinta umoya, izinkinga zokudla, noma iziqephu lapho ziyeka ukuthinta umoya okwesikhashana (apnea).

Uma ukhombiswe umuntu ohlushwa isifo sokubhema, xhumana nodokotela wakho ngisho noma ungenakho izimpawu okwamanje. Ukwelashwa okuvimbela kusenesikhathi ngezinye izikhathi kungavimbela ukutheleleka ukuthi kuthuthuke noma kunciphisa ubukhulu bawo.

Iyini imikhakha yezingozi yesifo sokubhema?

Izici eziningi zingandisa amathuba akho okuthola isifo sokubhema noma ukuhlushwa yizimpawu ezinzima. Ukuqonda lokhu kungakusiza ukuthi uthathe izinyathelo ezifanele futhi uqaphele ukuthi nini ungase ube sengozini enkulu.

Ubudala buqala indima ebalulekile engozini yesifo sokubhema nobukhulu bawo. Izingane ezingaphansi kwezinyanga eziyisi-6 zibhekene nengozi enkulu kakhulu ngoba amasosha abo okulwa nezifo awakakhuli ngokuphelele, futhi azange aqedele uchungechunge lwabo lokugoma.

Isimo sakho sokugoma sithinta kakhulu amazinga akho engozi. Abantu abangagomiwe noma abangagomiwe ngokuphelele banamathuba aphezulu kakhulu okuthola isifo sokubhema. Ngisho noma ugoma njengengane, ukuvikelwa kungase kuphele ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kungakho kufanelekele izithombe zokuthuthukisa.

Izimo ezithile zempilo zingakwenza ube lula kakhulu ekubeni nesifo sokubhema esinzima:

• Izifo ezingamahlalakhona emathanjeni njenge-asthma noma i-COPD
• Isimo sezimbongolo esibuthakathaka ngenxa yesifo noma imithi
• Izimo zenhliziyo ezithinta ukuphefumula
• Ukukhulelwa, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sesigaba sesithathu
• Ukutheleleka kwemiphunga kwamuva okwenze ukuvikela kwakho kube buthakathaka

Izici zemvelo kanye nezenhlalo nazo zibalulekile. Ukuthintana eduze nabantu abathelelekile emizini, ezikoleni, noma ezindaweni zokusebenza kukhuphula ingozi yokudlulisela. Abasebenzi bezempilo nabaphathi bezingane babhekene nezinga eliphezulu lokukhishwa ngenxa yemisebenzi yabo.

Ukuphila ezindaweni lapho amazinga okuchumayo aphansi khona kudala ingozi yonke umphakathi, njengoba isifo sokuphefumula esinamandla singasakazeka kalula uma abantu abambalwa benesizotha. Ukuhamba kwamanye amazwe ezindaweni lapho kukhona khona ukuqhuma kungakhuphula amathuba akho okutholakala.

Ziyini izinhlanganisela ezingaba khona zokuphefumula okunamandla?

Nakuba abantu abaningi bephulukana nokuphefumula okunamandla ngaphandle kwemiphumela ehlala njalo, le simo ngezinye izikhathi lingabangela izinhlanganisela ezinkulu, ikakhulukazi ezinhlwini zezinyanga. Ukuqonda le miphumela engaba khona kukusiza ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi nini kufanele ufuna ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okwengeziwe.

Izinhlanganisela zokuphefumula zihlanganiswe nezinkinga ezivame kakhulu ezingathuthuka. Ukukhononda okunzima kakhulu kungaba namandla kangangokuthi kubangela imithambo emincane yegazi emehlweni akho ukuqhuma, okuholela ekuboneni okubomvu, okugcwele igazi. Abanye abantu bathuthukisa ama-hernia ngenxa yokukhononda okunamandla, kanti abanye bangase babe nezinkinga zezimpondo ngenxa yokucindezela okuphindaphindayo.

Izinhlanganisela ezinkulu zokuphefumula ezihlobene zingafaka:

• I-Pneumonia (ukutheleleka kwemiphunga), okuvela cishe kwengxenye yabantwana abangenani elilodwa unyaka
• Umphunga owaqhekeka (pneumothorax) ngenxa yokucindezela kokukhononda okunzima
• Ubunzima bokuphumula obudinga ukungena esibhedlela
• Ukuphazamiseka kokulala okuholela ekhathaleni nokuthakathaka kokuzikhuza

Izingane ezincane zibhekene nezinkinga ezinzima kakhulu futhi ziyizona eziningi ezigulwa yi-whooping cough ezibhekiswe esibhedlela futhi zife. Izingane zingase zibhekane ne-apnea (ukuphefumula okuphazamisekile okwesikhashana), okungabangela ukonakala kobuchopho ngenxa yokushoda komoya. Zivame ukutheleleka ngezifo zebhaktheriya kanye nobunzima bokudla okubangela ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni nokunciphisa isisindo.

Ukonakala kwezinzwa, nakuba kungavamile, kungaba nzima uma kwenzeka. Lokhu kungafaka ukubamba ngenxa yokushoda komoya, ukukhuluphala kobuchopho (encephalitis), noma ezimweni ezingavamile, ukonakala kobuchopho okungapheli. Abantu abadala nabasakhula bavame ukubhekene nezinkinga ezincane, nakuba ukukhokha okuqhubekayo kungathinta kakhulu ikhwalithi yokuphila amasonto noma izinyanga.

Izinkinga ezihlobene nokukhulelwa kufanele zinakekelwe ngokukhethekile. Abesifazane abakhulelwe abane-whooping cough bangase babe nokubeletha kwangaphambi kwesikhathi, futhi izingane ezintsha zingatheleleka ngesikhathi sokubeletha, okubenza babe sengozini enkulu yesifo esinzima.

Kungenzeka kanjani ukuvimbela i-whooping cough?

Ukuvimbela i-whooping cough kugxile ikakhulu ekugwetshweni, okuhlala kuyindlela ephumelela kakhulu yokuzivimbela wena nomphakathi wakho kule ntshwa ebandakanyeka kakhulu. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ama-vaccines aphethwe kakhulu futhi atholakala kalula kubantu bazo zonke izigaba.

Uhlelo lokugwetshwa oluvamile luqala ebuntwaneni nge-DTaP vaccine (diphtheria, tetanus, ne-pertussis). Abantwana bavame ukuthola izilinganiso ezinhlanu: ezinyangeni ezi-2, 4, ne-6, bese phakathi kwezinyanga eziyi-15-18, futhi ekugcineni phakathi kweminyaka eyi-4-6. Lo mqulu uhlinzeka ngokuvikelwa okuqinile eminyakeni yokuqala ebuthakathaka kakhulu.

Abantu abadala nabasakhula badinga izithombe zokugqugquzela ngoba ukuvikelwa kunciphisa ngokwemvelo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. I-Tdap vaccine (inguqulo enezilinganiso eziphansi ze-diphtheria ne-pertussis) iyelulekwa kanye kubo bonke abantu abadala, ngokukhethekile phakathi kweminyaka eyi-11-12 uma ingakabi yatholwa ngaphambili. Abantu abadala kufanele futhi bathole i-Td noma i-Tdap booster yonke iminyaka eyi-10.

Abesifazane abakhulelwe kufanele bathole i-vaccine ye-Tdap ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ngakunye, kuhle phakathi kwamasonto angu-27-36. Lesi sikhathi sivumela ama-antibodies ukuba adlulele engane, anikeze isivikelo ezinyangeni zokuqala ezibalulekile ngaphambi kokuba ingane iqale uchungechunge lwayo lokugoma.

Ngaphezu kokugomela, ungathatha izinyathelo ezengeziwe zokuvimbela:

• Yenza ukuhlanza izandla okuhle ngokuhlanza njalo ngesepha namanzi
• Gwema ukusondelana nabantu abane-coughs noma izimpawu zokubanda eziqhubekayo
• Vala umlomo nomphika uma ukhwehlela noma uthswala
• Hlala ekhaya uma ugula ukuvimbela ukusabalalisa ukutheleleka kwabanye
• Gcina izingane zikude nezixuku nabantu abagulayo uma kungenzeka

Uma ukhombiswe umuntu onenhlanzi eqinisekisiwe, udokotela wakho angakuncoma ama-antibiotics okuvimbela ngisho noma awunazimpawu okwamanje. Le ndlela ingavimbela ukutheleleka noma inqume ubukhulu bezimpawu uma iqalwa ngokushesha.

I-whooping cough ihlonishwa kanjani?

Ukuxilonga i-whooping cough kungaba inselele, ikakhulukazi emazingeni okuqala lapho izimpawu zifana kakhulu nezokubanda okuvamile noma ezinye izifo zokuphefumula. Udokotela wakho uzosebenzisa ukuxubana kokubuka kwezokwelapha, umlando wezokwelapha, namavivinyo elabhoratri ukwenza ukuxilongwa okuchaneile.

Ngesikhathi sokuqokwa kwakho, umhlinzeki wakho wezinsizakalo zezempilo uzolalela ngokucophelela ukukhwehlela kwakho kanye nezimilo zokuphefumula. Isandi esiphawulekayo se-“whooping” ngemuva kokukhwehlela kuyisibonakaliso esinamandla, nakuba akuwona wonke umuntu onenhlanzi ethola lesi sikhala esivelele, ikakhulukazi izingane ezincane kakhulu nabantu abadala.

Udokotela wakho uzokubuza imibuzo eningiliziwe mayelana nezimpawu zakho, kufaka phakathi ukuthi zaqala nini, indlela eziqhubeke ngayo, nokuthi ukhombiswe yini umuntu onogula olufanayo. Bazophinde bahlole umlando wakho wokugomela nokuhamba kwakamuva, njengoba lezi zinto zingathinta kokubili ingozi yakho nethuba le-whooping cough.

Ivivinyo eziningi zaselebhoratri zingasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuxilongwa:

• Ukuhlanzwa kwesampula yase-nasopharyngeal: Isampula iqoqwa ekujuleni ekhathini lakho neqolo ukuhlola izitshabalalisi
• Ivivinyo le-PCR (polymerase chain reaction): Leli vivinyo eliqaphelayo kakhulu lingathola i-DNA yezitshabalalisi ngisho nasemazingeni amancane
• Izivivinyo zegazi: Lezi zingabonisa ama-antibodies umzimba wakho owenziwe njengomphumela wokutheleleka
• I-X-ray yesifuba: Lokhu kungenziwa ukuhlola i-pneumonia noma ezinye izinkinga zephunga

Isikhathi sokuhlolwa kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukukhiqizwa kwezitshabalalisi kanye nezivivinyo ze-PCR kusebenza kangcono ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala zokugula lapho amazinga ezitshabalalisi ephezulu. Izivivinyo ze-antibody zegazi ziyaba usizo kamuva ekuguleni lapho i-immune system yakho inesikhathi sokuveza ama-antibodies abonakalayo.

Ezimweni ezithile, udokotela wakho angaqala ukwelashwa ngokusekelwe ezimpawu zokwelapha nembali yokubekwa engcupheni, ngisho nangaphambi kokuthi imiphumela yokuhlola itholakale. Le ndlela iyasiza ekunciphiseni ubukhulu bezimpawu nokuvimbela ukudluliselwa kwabanye.

Iyini impilo yokuhlanza umkhuhlane?

Ukuphathwa komkhuhlane okuhlanza kugxile ekunciphiseni izimpawu, ukuvimbela izinkinga, nokumisa ukusabalala kokutheleleka kwabanye. Indlela ehlukile kuye ngesikhathi lapho ukuxilongwa kwenziwa khona nokuthi izimpawu zakho zinzima kangakanani.

Ama-antibiotics yilona lokuphathwa okuyinhloko kwezokwelapha, kodwa ukusebenza kwawo kuncike kakhulu esikhathini. Uma kuqalwa esigabeni sokuqala (isigaba esifana ne-cold), ama-antibiotics anganciphisa kakhulu ubukhulu bezimpawu futhi afushane isikhathi sokuhlala sigula. Ama-antibiotics ajwayelekile asetshenziswayo afaka i-azithromycin, i-clarithromycin, noma i-erythromycin, ngokuvamile athathwe izinsuku eziyi-5-14.

Uma ama-antibiotics eqalwa kamuva ekuguleni, angase angathuthuki izimpawu zakho kakhulu, kodwa asabalulekile ngoba kwenza ungabi nengculazi kwabanye. Ngokuvamile awusabi nengculazi ngemuva kokuthatha ama-antibiotics izinsuku eziyi-5, uma kuqhathaniswa namasonto amathathu ngaphandle kokwelashwa.

Kubangelwa izimo ezinzima, ikakhulukazi kubantwana abasebancane nabakhulu, kungadingeka ukungena esibhedlela. Ukwelashwa esibhedlela kungafaka phakathi:

• Ukwelashwa nge-oksijini ukusiza ngezinkinga zokuphefumula
• Amanzi e-IV ukuvimbela ukuphelelwa amanzi ngenxa yokugabha
• Ukuqapha izinkinga ezinjengopneumonia noma izinkinga zokuphefumula
• Ukusekelwa kokudla uma ukudla kuya kunzima
• Ukukhipha ngobumnene ukuhlanza izindlela zokuphefumula ezikhipha ukhukhwini

Ngeshwa, izidakamizwa zokukhwela nezinye izidakamizwa ezithengiswa ngaphandle kokubhalwa kwelayisensi ngokuvamile azincedi kakhulu ezimpahleni eziphawulekayo zokukhwela. Eqinisweni, imithi yokukhwela ingase ingelulekiwe ngoba ukukhwela kusiza ukuhlanza izindlela zakho zokuphefumula ezikhipha izinto ezinzima.

Inqubo yokubuyela esimweni esiqondile idinga isineke, njengoba ukukhwela kungaphikelela amasonto noma izinyanga ngisho nangemva kokwelashwa okuphumelelayo ngama-antibiotic. Isistimu yakho yokuzikhusela idinga isikhathi sokulungisa umonakalo obangelwe yi-toxins yebhaktheriya, futhi ukululama okuphelele kuyinqubo eyenzeka kancane kancane.

Ungayilawula kanjani ikhwela ekhaya?

Ukuphatha ikhwela ekhaya kuhilela ukudala indawo esekelayo esiza ukunciphisa izinto ezibangela ukukhwela ngenkathi kukhuthazwa ukududuzeka nokuphulukana. Lezi zindlela zingengeza ekwelapheni kwakho kwezokwelapha futhi zikusize uzizwe kangcono ngenkathi inqubo yokwelapha.

Ukudala indawo efanele ekhaya lakho kunganciphisa kakhulu izigameko zokukhwela. Gcina umoya ezindaweni zakho zokuhlala uhlanzekile futhi unyakaze ngokusebenzisa umshini wokufudumala umoya opholile, ikakhulukazi emakamelweni okulala. Gwema ukubonisana nokutsha, amafutha aqinile, amakhemikhali okuhlanza, noma ezinye izinto ezikhuthazayo zomoya ezingase zibangele ukukhwela.

Ukudla nokugcwala kwamanzi kuba kubalulekile ikakhulukazi lapho ukukhwela okuvamile nokugabha kwenza ukudla nokupha amanzi kube nzima. Nikeza ukudla okuncane, okuvamile kunokuba okukhulu, futhi ukhethe ukudla okulula, okulula ukukugwinya. Ama-broths acacile, ama-smoothies, nama-ice pops anganikeza ukudla ngenkathi ehlanza umlomo.

Nawa amasu asebenzayo okusiza ukuphatha izimpawu ekhaya:

• Zitholele ukuphumula okwanele nokulala uma kungenzeka, ngoba ukukhathala kungenza izimpawu zibe zimbi kakhulu
• Phuza izinto ezishisayo njengotshwala lwemifino noma amanzi afudumele anebhontshisi (akufanele kubantwana abaneminyaka engaphansi kwonyaka om1)
• Hlala uqonde ngesikhathi nokuphela kokudla ukuze unciphise ingozi yokugabha
• Sebenzisa amapilishi engeziwe ukuze uphakamise ikhanda lakho ngesikhathi ulele
• Zama ukuzivocavoca kokuphefumula okuthambile uma ungakhukhumali
• Thatha imithi ebekiwe ngokuqondile njengoba udokotela wakho ekutshele

Ukuphatha ikhaya ngesikhathi sesifo kubaluleke kakhulu. Gcina amalungu omndeni abangenayo ehlukene nabanye, ikakhulukazi izingane ezincane nabantu abadala, kuze kube yilapho sebeqede okungenani izinsuku ezi-5 zokwelashwa ngama-antibiotic. Wonke umuntu ekhaya kufanele athathe izinyathelo zokuhlambulula izandla futhi acabangele ukugqoka amamaski uma enakekela umuntu ogula.

Qapha izimpawu zezexwayiso ezidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha, njengokuphefumula okunzima, umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka oqhele ngezindebe noma ebusweni, ukugabha okuqhubekayo okwenza kube nzima ukugcina izinto ezinwetshiwe, noma izimpawu zokuphelelwa amanzi. Themba izinzwa zakho futhi ungangabazi ukuthintana nodokotela wakho uma ukhathazekile ngezimpawu ezibe zimbi.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani i-aphoyintimenti yakho nodokotela?

Ukulungiselela i-aphoyintimenti yakho nodokotela uma ucindezela ukuthi ukhukhumala kungasiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola ukuxilongwa okuchane kakhulu nokuphathwa okuqondile. Ukulungiselela okuhle kusiza nodokotela wakho ukuqonda isimo sakho ngokushesha futhi enze izinqumo ezicacile mayelana nokunakekelwa kwakho.

Ngaphambi kwe-aphoyintimenti yakho, gcina irekhodi lemininingwane yezimpawu zakho, kufaka phakathi ukuthi zaqala nini, indlela eziye zashintsha ngayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, nokuthi yini ezenza zibe ngcono noma zimbi. Qaphela ubukhulu nesikhathi sokuhlushwa kokukhukhumala, ukuthi uke wezwa umsindo “wokukhukhumala” ophawulekayo, nanoma yiziphi ezinye izimpawu njengobushushu, ukugabha, noma ubunzima bokuphumula.

Butha ulwazi olubalulekile lwezokwelapha udokotela wakho ozoludingayo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa umlando wakho wokugonywa (ikakhulukazi lapho okokugcina uthole khona isithombe esinezithombe ze-pertussis), noma yikuphi ukukhombisa kwamuva komuntu onokukhotha okuqhubekayo, umlando wakho wokuvakasha kwamuva, kanye nemithi noma izongezo ezikhona okwamanje ozithathayo.

Lungisa ulwazi oluqondile ukuze wabelane ngalo nomhlinzeki wakho wezinsizakalo zezempilo:

• Izinsuku eziqondile lapho izimpawu zaqala khona nokuthi ziye zaqhubeka kanjani
• Inkulumo yokukhotha kwakho, kuhlanganise noma yimiphi imisindo ehlukile
• Izikhathi zosuku lapho izimpawu zibi kakhulu khona
• Noma yikuphi ukwelashwa okuye wazizama nokuthi kusize yini
• Ukuthintana nabanye abaye baba nezimpawu ezifanayo
• Uthonyo emisebenzini yakho yansuku zonke, ukulala, nokudla

Uma kungenzeka, zama ukurekhoda ividiyo yesigameko sokukhotha ocingweni lwakho, njengoba lokhu kungasiza udokotela wakho ukuzwa imisindo ebonakalayo ngisho noma ungakhothi ngesikhathi sokuqokwa. Lokhu kuwusizo ngokukhethekile ngoba i-“whoop” ehlukile ayiveli njalo ngesikhathi sokuvakasha okufushane kwezokwelapha.

Cabanga ukuthi ulethe ilungu lomndeni noma umngani ekuqokweni, ikakhulu uma uzizwa ungaphili kahle. Bangasiza ukukhumbula ulwazi olubalulekile, ukubuza imibuzo ongazi khumbula, nokunikeza ukwesekwa ngesikhathi sokuvakasha kwezokwelapha okungaba ukucindezeleka.

Bhala phansi imibuzo ofuna ukuyibuza udokotela wakho, njengokuthi uzoba yini isikhathi eside ungatheleleki, nini ongabuyela emsebenzini noma esikoleni, yiziphi izinkinga okufanele uzilinde, nokuthi ungavimbela kanjani ukusabalalisa ukutheleleka kwabanye ekhaya lakho.

Iyini into ebalulekile mayelana nokukhotha okukhulu?

Ukukhotha okukhulu kuyisifo esibuhlungu kodwa esingavikeleka sobhaktheriya esingathinta noma ubani, nakuba kubeka ingozi enkulu kubantwana abasanda kuzalwa nabantwana abancane. Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyikhumbule ukuthi ukugonywa kuhlala kuyisivikelo sakho esihle kakhulu kuleli gciwane elithakazelayo kakhulu.

Ukubona isifo ngokushesha nokuphathwa kwalo kwenza umehluko omkhulu ekubeni izimpawu zibe nzima kangakanani nasekuvimbeleni ukudluliselwa kwabanye. Uma uthola ikakhukhununu ehlala isikhathi eside, ikakhulukazi enezwi elithi "whooping", ungalindi ukufuna ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha. Ama-antibiotics asebenza kangcono uma eqalwa ngokushesha, futhi ukwelashwa okusheshayo kusiza ukuvikela umndeni wakho nomphakathi.

Nakuba ikakhukhununu ingesaba, ikakhulukazi uma ithinta izingane ezincane, abantu abaningi bayaphila ngokuphelele ngokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okufanele nokwelashwa ekhaya okuhambisana nalokho. Okubalulekile ukuhlala unolwazi mayelana nokuvimbela ngokugonywa, ukubona izimpawu ngokushesha, nokusebenzisana eduze nodokotela wakho phakathi nesifo.

Khumbula ukuthi ukuvikelwa kungaphela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngakho ukuhlala unolwazi ngokuqiniswa kokugonywa akuvikeli wena kuphela kodwa futhi namalungu omphakathi abuthakathaka kakhulu, kufaka phakathi izingane ezisanda kuzalwa ezingakakwazi ukugonywa ngokuphelele.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana nekakhukhununu

Ikakhukhununu ihlala isikhathi esingakanani?

Ikakhukhununu ngokuvamile ihlala amasonto angu-6-10 ngokuphelele, iqhubeka ngezigaba ezintathu. Isigaba sokuqala esifana nefriji sihlala amasonto angu-1-2, silandelwa isigaba sokukhokha okunzima esiphila amasonto angu-2-6, ekugcineni isikhathi sokuphulukana kancane kancane esingathinta amasonto amaningi. Ngisho nangemva kokwelashwa, abanye abantu bahlala bekhwehlela izikhathi ezithile izinyanga, ikakhulukazi uma bethola ezinye izifo zokuphefumula.

Ingabe abantu abadala bangathola ikakhukhununu ngisho noma bagonywe besebancane?

Yebo, abantu abadala bangathola ikakhukhununu ngoba ukuvikelwa okuvela emagonyweni obuntwana kunciphisa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Yingakho i-CDC iphakamisa ukuthi bonke abantu abadala bathole i-Tdap booster shot, futhi abesifazane abakhulelwe kufanele bagonywe ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ngakunye. Iziqephu zabantu abadala zivame ukuba zingenazimpawu kuneziqephu zobuntwana kodwa zingaba nzima futhi zithathelwane kalula.

Ingabe ikakhukhununu ithathwa kalula, futhi ihlala isikhathi esingakanani?

Ukweluka luqubuka kakhulu, ikakhulukazi evikini lokuqala le-2 lapho izimpawu zifana neqandukulu elijwayelekile. Ngaphandle kokwelashwa ngama-antibiotic, abantu bahlala bequbuka amasonto angafika kwamathathu ngemuva kokuba izimpawu ziqale. Ngokwelashwa okufanele ngama-antibiotic, ngokuvamile awusaqubuki ngemuva kokuthatha imithi izinsuku ezi-5, yize kufanele uqedele inkambo ephelele yama-antibiotic.

Ingabe ukweluka kungabulala?

Nakuba ukweluka kungaba sibi, ukufa kuyabambalwa futhi kwenzeka kakhulu kubantwana abangaphansi kwezinyanga ezi-6. Abantu abaningi bayaphila ngokuphelele ngokwelashwa okufanele. Kodwa-ke, izinhlungu ezinjengopneumonia, ubunzima bokuqeda umoya, noma ukonakala kobuchopho ngenxa yokushoda komoya kungaba khona, ikakhulukazi kubantwana abancinyane kakhulu, kungakho ukunakekelwa kwasekuseni kwezokwelapha kubaluleke kakhulu.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kokweluka nokweluka okuvamile?

Ukweluka okuvamile okuvela emakhazeni noma e-allergies kuvame ukuba mfushane ngesikhathi futhi kungabi sibi kakhulu. Ukweluka kuhilela ukukhahlela okunamandla okuhlala imizuzu eminingana, ngokuvamile kulandela umsindo “wokukhahlela” lapho ufuna umoya. Ukweluka ngokuvamile kuyomile, kuyaqhubeka, futhi kungabangela ukugabha. Ngokungafani nokweluka okuningi, ukweluka kuyaqhubeka kubi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kunokuba kuqhubeke kuphulukana kancane kancane.