Umg腫瘍 yini? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

Umg腫瘍 uhlobo lomdlavuza wezinso oluthinta ikakhulu izingane, oluvela ngaphambi kweminyaka emi-5. Lo mg腫瘍 ukhula ezeleni ezakha izinso ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa komntwana esizalweni, kungakho cishe ubonakala ezinganeni ezincane kakhulu.

Nakuba ukuzwa ukuthi "umhlaza wezinso" kungase kubangele ukukhathazeka, kukhona isizathu sokwethemba. Umg腫瘍 unezinga eliphezulu kakhulu lokululama phakathi komdlavuza wezingane, ngaphezu kwe-90% yezingane eziphila impilo enempilo, evamile ngemuva kokwelashwa. Ukuqonda ukuthi ubhekene nani kungakusiza uzizwe ulungile futhi uqiniseke njengoba uhamba kule ndlela.

Umg腫瘍 yini?

Umg腫瘍 umdlavuza wezinso oqala emathisini ezinso ezithuthukayo zezingane. Uqanjwe ngegama likaDkt. Max Wilms, owachaza okokuqala ngemininingwane eminyakeni engaphezu kwekhulu edlule.

Lo mg腫瘍 uqala lapho amaseli athile ezinso afanele ayeka ukukhula ngesikhathi sokuthuthuka okuvamile aqhubeka ekhula ngokungavamile. Cabanga ngakho njengezinto zokwakha okwakufanele zihlanzwe ngemuva kokwakha indlu, kodwa kunalokho zaqhubeka zibunjwa endaweni engafanele. Izigameko eziningi zithinta inkukhu eyodwa kuphela, nakuba cishe i-5-10% yezingane zithuthukisa iming腫瘍 ezinkukwini zombili.

Umg腫瘍 uhlobo oluvamile kakhulu lomdlavuza wezinso ezinganeni, oluthinta cishe enye ingane kuzo zonke izinkulungwane ezingu-10,000. Kulula kakhulu, ngezigameko ezicishe zibe ngu-500-600 ezitholakala unyaka ngamunye e-United States.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-Wilms Tumor?

Isinyathelo esivamile kakhulu ukukhula okungenabhlungu noma isibopho esiswini somntwana ongasithola ngesikhathi sokugeza noma lapho umntwana elele phansi. Abazali abaningi bachaza ukuthi kuzwakala njengomthamo oluqinile ohlangothini olulodwa lwesisu.

Nazi izimpawu okufanele uzilinde, ukhumbule ukuthi izingane eziningi zingaba nezimpawu ezimbalwa kuphela:

• Isibopho esingenabhlungu noma ukukhula esiswini ongasithola
• Igazi emanzini, elingase libukeke lipinki, libomvu, noma libe mnyama njenge-cola
• Ubuhlungu besisu noma ukungakhululeki
• Ukuqina ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacile
• Ukulahlekelwa ukudla noma ukuzizwa ugcwele ngokushesha
• Ukuphefumula noma ukugabha
• I-constipation ngenxa yommg腫瘍 ocindezela izitho eziseduze
• I-High blood pressure (nakuba lokhu kudinga imishini yezokwelapha ukuze kutholakale)

Ngokungavamile, ezinye izingane zingase zizwe ziphefumula kanzima uma umdlavuza usakazeke emaphashini, noma zizwe zingahambi kahle futhi zikhathele. Khumbula ukuthi lezi zimpawu zingaba nezizathu eziningi ezivamile, ngakho-ke ukuthola enye akusho ukuthi umdlavuza ukhona.

Yini ebangela i-Wilms Tumor?

Umg腫瘍 uqala lapho amaseli ezinso afanele ayeke ukukhula ngesikhathi sokuthuthuka okuvamile aqhubeka ephindaphinda ngokungavamile. Isizathu esiqondile sale nqubo asiqondakali ngokuphelele, kodwa abacwaningi baye bathola izinto eziningi ezihambisana nayo.

Izigameko eziningi zenzeka ngengozi ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacile. Noma kunjalo, ezinye izingane zizalwa zinezinqumo ze-genetic ezenza kube lula ukuthi zithuthukise lo mg腫瘍. Lezi zinto ze-genetic zibala cishe i-10-15% yezigameko.

Nazi izinto ezibangelayo ezaziwayo:

• Ukuguqulwa kwe-genetic okuvela ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kwezinso esizalweni
• I-syndromes elidluliselwa nge-genetic njenge-WAGR syndrome noma i-Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome
• Ukulimala kokuzalwa okuthinta izitho zangasese noma isimiso sokuphuma kwamathisini
• Umlando womndeni we-Wilms tumor (nakuba lokhu kulula kakhulu)
• Izimo ezithile ze-genetic ezithinta ukukhula okuvamile kwamaseli

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi akukho lutho owalwenza noma awungenzanga ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa okubangele lo mg腫瘍. Umg腫瘍 awubangelwa izinto ezingaphandle, ukudla, noma izinqumo zokuphila. Uvele ube yimphumela engalungile yokuthi izinso zezinye izingane zithuthuka kanjani.

Nini okufanele ubona udokotela nge-Wilms Tumor?

Kufanele uxhumane nodokotela womntwana wakho ngokushesha uma ubona isibopho noma ukukhula esiswini somntwana wakho esiqhubeka izinsuku ezimbalwa. Ngisho noma izibopho eziningi zesisu ezinganeni azilona umdlavuza, kuhlale kufanele kuhlolwe.

Funani ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha phakathi nosuku noma amabili uma umntwana wakho enegagasi emanzini akhe, ikakhulu uma lihambisana nezinye izimpawu njengobhlungu besisu noma ukuqina. Nakuba igazi emanzini lingaba nezizathu eziningi ezinganeni, kuyinto okufanele ihlale ihlolwe yisipesheli lezokwelapha.

Shaya udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma umntwana wakho ebuhlungu kakhulu esiswini, ukugabha okuqhubekayo, noma ebonakala engaphili kahle. Themba izinzwa zakho njengomzali - uma kukhona okungalungile noma okuhlukile ngempilo yomntwana wakho, kuhlale kulungile ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha.

Ziyini izinto ezingaholela ekuthuthukiseni i-Wilms Tumor?

Izinto eziningi zingandisa amathuba omntwana wokuthuthukisa i-Wilms tumor, nakuba ukuba nalezi zinto ezibangela ingozi akusho ukuthi umntwana wakho uzothola umdlavuza ngokuqinisekile. Izingane eziningi ezinalezi zinto azithuthuki iming腫瘍.

Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ezingaholela ekuthuthukiseni i-Wilms tumor izimo ezithile ze-genetic kanye nokungaqondakali kokuzalwa okuthinta ukuthuthuka okuvamile:

• I-WAGR syndrome (ithinta amehlo, izitho zangasese, kanye nokuthuthuka kwengqondo)
• I-Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (ibangela ukukhula okukhulu kwezingxenye zomzimba)
• I-Denys-Drash syndrome (ithinta ukusebenza kwezinso kanye nokuthuthuka kwezitho zangasese)
• Ukulimala kokuzalwa kwezitho zangasese noma isimiso sokuphuma kwamathisini
• Ukuba ne-testicle engaphumi
• Umlando womndeni we-Wilms tumor (nakuba lokhu kubala ngaphansi kwe-2% yezigameko)

Ezinye izinto ezibangela ingozi ezingevamile zihlanganisa ukuguqulwa kwe-genetic okuthile kanye nokuzalwa nethishu yezinso engathuthukanga ngokujwayelekile. Izingane zase-Afrika zaseMelika zinengozi encane enkulu kunezinye izigaba zabantu, nakuba izizathu zalokhu zingaziwa ngokuphelele.

Ubudala futhi yinto ebalulekile, ngezigameko eziningi ezenzeka phakathi kweminyaka emi-2 nesi-5. Kulula kakhulu ezinganeni ezineminyaka engaphezu kwengu-10.

Ziyini izinhlanganisela ezingaba khona ze-Wilms Tumor?

Uma kutholakala ngokushesha futhi kuphathwe ngokufanele, izingane eziningi ezine-Wilms tumor zilulama ngokuphelele ngaphandle kwezinkinga zesikhathi eside. Noma kunjalo, njenganoma yisiphi isimo sezokwelapha esinzima, kungaba khona izinhlanganisela ezihlobene nommg腫瘍 ngokwawo kanye nokuphathwa kwawo.

Izinhlanganisela ezivela emg腫瘍 zingase zihlanganise:

• Umg腫瘍 ukhula ube mkhulu ngokwanele ukuze ucindezele izitho eziseduze
• I-High blood pressure ngenxa yokuthinteka kwezinso
• Izinkinga zokusebenza kwezinso uma zombili izinso zithinteka
• Ukubhebhetheka kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, ikakhulukazi amaphashini noma isibindi
• Ukuphazamiseka kommg腫瘍, okungase kwenzeke ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa noma ukuhlinzwa

Izinhlanganisela ezihlobene nokuphathwa, nakuba ziphatheka, zingase zihlanganise imiphumela ye-chemotherapy njengokuwa kwesikhashana kwenwele, ukwanda kengozi yokutheleleka, noma ukugabha. I-Radiation therapy ingase ibe nomphumela wokukhathazeka kwesikhumba noma, ngokungavamile, ithinte ukukhula kwezindawo ezithintekile. Izingozi zokuhlinzwa zihlanganisa izinhlanganisela zokuhlinzwa ezivamile njengokuphuma kwegazi noma ukutheleleka.

Imiphumela yesikhathi eside ayivamile kodwa ingase ihlanganise izinkinga zokuzwa ezivela emithi ethile ye-chemotherapy noma, ngokungavamile kakhulu, ukuthuthukiswa kwamanye ama-cancers kamuva ekuphileni. Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lizoqapha lezi zinto futhi lithathe izinyathelo zokunciphisa ubungozi.

Umg腫瘍 utholakala kanjani?

Ukuxilongwa kuvame ukuqala ngodokotela wakho wezingane ohlola umntwana wakho futhi azwe izibopho noma ukukhula esiswini. Uma kutholakala into ekhathazayo, cishe uzodluliselwa kwingcweti yezingane ukuze kwenziwe ukuhlolwa okuqhubekayo.

Inqubo yokuxilongwa ivame ukubandakanya ukuhlolwa okuningi kwezithombe ukuze uthole isithombe esicacile sokuthi kwenzekani. I-ultrasound ivame ukuba yivivinyo lokuqala ngoba alibuhlungu futhi alisebenzisi i-radiation. Lokhu kungabonisa uma kukhona umthamo esinzweni futhi kusize ekuqondeni usayizi namakhono alo.

Ukuhlolwa okuqhubekayo kuvame ukubandakanya:

1. I-CT scan noma i-MRI ukuze uthole izithombe eziningi zommg腫瘍 futhi uhlole uma usakazeke
2. I-Chest X-ray noma i-CT scan ukuze ubone ukubhebhetheka kwanoma yikuphi emaphashini
3. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuze uhlole ukusebenza kwezinso nempilo yonke
4. Ukuhlolwa kwamathisini ukuze ubone igazi noma ezinye izinto ezingavamile
5. Ngesinye isikhathi, isampula encane yethishu (biopsy) ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuxilongwa

Inqubo yonke yokuxilongwa ivame ukuthatha izinsuku ezimbalwa kuya kwesonto. Nakuba ukulinda imiphumela kungase kube nzima, khumbula ukuthi ukuthola ukuxilongwa okuchane kuyisinyathelo sokuqala sohlelo lokwelapha oluphumelelayo lomntwana wakho.

Yini ukwelashwa kwe-Wilms Tumor?

Ukwelashwa kwe-Wilms tumor kuphumelela kakhulu, ngezinga lokululama eliphezu kwe-90% uma umdlavuza utholakala ngokushesha. Uhlelo lokwelapha luxhomeke kusayizi wommg腫瘍, indawo, nokuthi usakazeke yini, kodwa ngokuvamile lubandakanya ukuhlanganiswa kokuhlinzwa ne-chemotherapy.

Izingane eziningi ziyoba nokuhlinzwa ukususa inkukhu ethintekile (okubizwa ngokuthi i-nephrectomy) kanye nommg腫瘍. Ungakhathazeki - abantu bangaphila impilo evamile ngenkungu enempilo. Ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa, umntwana wakho angase athole i-chemotherapy ukunciphisa ummg腫瘍 nokwenza kube lula ukuwususa ngokuphepha.

Indlela evamile yokwelapha ihlanganisa:

1. I-Chemotherapy ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa (ngokuvamile amasonto angu-4-6) ukunciphisa ummg腫瘍
2. Ukuhlinzwa ukususa inkukhu nommg腫瘍
3. I-Chemotherapy eyengeziwe ngemuva kokuhlinzwa (ngokuvamile amasonto angu-6-24)
4. I-Radiation therapy kwezinye izimo, ikakhulukazi uma umdlavuza usakazeke
5. Ukuvakashela okuqhubekayo ukuqapha ukululama nokuqapha noma yikuphi ukubuyela

Ezinganeni ezine-ming腫瘍 ezinkukwini zombili, indlela iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi igxile ekugcineni ukusebenza kwezinso okuningi ngangokunokwenzeka. Lokhu kungase kubandakanye ukususa ingxenye yethishu yezinso kunokususwa okuphelele kwenkungu.

Ukwelashwa kuvame ukuphela phakathi nezinyanga ezingu-6-9, futhi izingane eziningi zibuyela emisebenzini yazo evamile ngokushesha ngemuva kokuphela kokwelashwa.

Unganakekela kanjani ekhaya ngesikhathi sokwelashwa?

Ukunakekela umntwana wakho ekhaya ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kugxile ekuqinisweni kwakhe, ukuvimbela ukutheleleka, nokugcina ubuvamile ngangokunokwenzeka. Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lizokunika imiyalo ekhethekile, kodwa kukhona izimiso ezijwayelekile ezingasiza.

Ukuphatha imiphumela ebiyelayo yokwelashwa kuvame ukuba yimbangela enkulu kunazo zonke. Ngokugabha, nikeza ukudla okuncane, okuvamile ngokudla okumnandi okumnandi okumnandi umntwana wakho akukuthanda. Ukugcina umzimba ugcwele amanzi kubalulekile, ngakho-ke khuthaza ukunisela amanzi, ama-ice chips, noma ama-popsicles usuku lonke.

Nazi izindlela eziyisisekelo zokunakekela ekhaya:

• Gcina umntwana wakho kude nabantu abagulayo, njengoba i-chemotherapy ingase iyandise ukungasebenzi kahle komzimba
• Geza izandla njalo futhi khuthaza umntwana wakho ukuba enze okufanayo
• Qapha ukuqina futhi shaya iqembu lakho lezokwelapha ngokushesha uma kwenzeka
• Nikeza isikhathi esengeziwe sokuphumula futhi ungakhathazeki uma umntwana wakho elele kakhulu kunokujwayelekile
• Nikeza ukudla okunomsoco uma umntwana wakho efuna ukudla, kodwa ungaphoqi ukudla
• Gcina indawo yokuhlinzwa ihlanzekile futhi yomile ngokweziqondiso zochwepheshe wakho
• Nikeza imithi ngokuqondile njengoba kuyalelwe, ngisho noma umntwana wakho eziva elungile

Ngokwengqondo, gcina izinto ezijwayelekile uma kunokwenzeka futhi uqhubeke nemisebenzi umntwana wakho ayithandayo, uguqule njengoba kudingeka ngezinga lakhe lamandla. Imindeni eminingi iyathola ukuthi ukuhlala ixhumene nabangane besikole nokugcina izinto abazithandayo kusiza izingane ukuba zizwe zivamile ngesikhathi sokwelashwa.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani izikhathi zokubona udokotela?

Ukuba ulungile ngezikhathi zokubona udokotela kungakusiza uthole okuningi esikhathini sakho neqembu lezokwelapha futhi kuqinisekise ukuthi zonke izinkinga zakho zixazululwe. Qala ngokubhala imibuzo yakho ngaphambi kokuvakashela ngakunye - kulula ukukhohlwa izinto ezibalulekile uma uzizwa ucindezelekile noma ukhungathekile.

Letha uhlu oluphelele lwemithi yonke umntwana wakho ayithathayo, kuhlanganise nemithi yokuthengwa ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela kanye nanoma yiziphi izongezelelo. Futhi, gcina idayari elula yezimpawu, imiphumela ebiyelayo, noma izinguquko ozibonile kusukela ekuvakasheni kokugcina.

Cabanga ngokulungiselela lezi zinto:

• Uhlu lwezimpawu zamanje nokuthi zaqala nini
• Imibuzo mayelana nokuqhubeka kokwelashwa nokuthi yini okulindelekile ngokulandelayo
• Noma yikuphi ukukhathazeka mayelana nemiphumela ebiyelayo noma imisebenzi yansuku zonke yomntwana wakho
• Amakhadi yomshuwalense nanoma yimaphi amaphepha adingekayo
• Ilungu lomndeni oluthenjwayo noma umngani wokusekela nokusiza ukukhumbula ulwazi
• Into yokugcina umntwana wakho ematasa ngesikhathi sokulinda
• Ukudla neziphuzo uma isikhathi sokuvakasha siqhubeka isikhathi eside

Ungangabazi ukucela incazelo uma amagama ezokwelapha ekhathaza, futhi cela imiyalo ebhalwe ngokubhaliwe yemiyalo yokunakekelwa okunzima. Abazali abaningi bathola ukuthi kuwusizo ukuthatha amanothi noma ukucela uma bangarekhoda izingxenye ezibalulekile zengxoxo ukuze bahlole kamuva.

Yini eyinhloko mayelana ne-Wilms Tumor?

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyikhumbule ukuthi i-Wilms tumor, nakuba inzima, inenkambo enhle uma iwelashwa ngokufanele. Ngaphezu kwe-90% yezingane ezitholakala nale mdlavuza ziqhubeka ziphila impilo evamile, enempilo ngemuva kokwelashwa.

Ukutholakala ngokushesha kwenza umehluko omkhulu ekuphumeleleni kokwelashwa, ngakho-ke themba izinzwa zakho uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko ezikhathazayo empilweni yomntwana wakho. Ukuhlanganiswa kokuhlinzwa ne-chemotherapy kuphumelela kakhulu, futhi izingane eziningi ziqeda ukwelashwa phakathi nonyaka.

Nakuba uhambo oluzayo lungase luzwakale lukhulu manje, awuwedwa. Amaqembu omdlavuza wezingane aqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile ukunakekela izingane nemindeni kule nqubo. Imindeni eminingi iyathola ukuthi ukuxhumana nabanye abazali abake bahlangabezana nezimo ezifanayo kunikeza ukwesekwa okuyigugu nombono.

Khumbula ukunakekela nawe - umntwana wakho uyakudinga ukuba ube nempilo eqinile ngangokunokwenzeka. Yamukela usizo kubangani nomndeni, futhi ungangabazi ukusebenzisa izinsizakalo zokusekela ezitholakala esikhungweni sakho sezokwelapha.

Imibuzo Evamile Mayelana ne-Wilms Tumor

Ingabe umntwana wami angaphila impilo evamile ngenkungu eyodwa?

Yebo, ngokuqinisekile. Abantu bangaphila impilo evamile ngenkungu enempilo. Inkukhu eseleyo izokwandisa ukusebenza kwayo kancane kancane ukuze ihlanganise enqunyiwe. Umntwana wakho uzobe ekwazi ukuhlanganyela emisebenzini eminingi, kuhlanganise nezemidlalo, nakuba udokotela wakho angase akhuthaze ukugwema imidlalo exhumana eduze engase ilime inkukhu eseleyo.

Ingabe ezinye izingane zami ziyothola i-Wilms tumor na?

Amathuba aphansi kakhulu. Cishe i-1-2% kuphela yezigameko ze-Wilms tumor ezilifa, okusho ukuthi zihamba emindenini. Noma kunjalo, uma umntwana wakho enezimo ezithile ze-genetic ezihlobene ne-Wilms tumor, udokotela wakho angase akhuthaze ukwelulekwa kwe-genetic ukuze ahlole ubungozi kubazalwane nabantwana besikhathi esizayo.

Ukude kangakanani umntwana wami ozodinga ukulandelelwa ngemuva kokwelashwa?

Izingane eziningi ziyoba nokuvakashela okuqhubekayo okungenani iminyaka emi-5 ngemuva kokuphela kokwelashwa. Lezi zivakashi ngokuvamile ziqala izinyanga ezimbalwa futhi kancane kancane zibe mncane. Ukuqapha kubandakanya ukuhlolwa komzimba, ukuhlolwa kwegazi, kanye nokuhlolwa kwezithombe okuqhubekayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi umdlavuza awubuyeli futhi ukuthi umntwana wakho uthuthuka ngokujwayelekile.

Ingabe i-Wilms tumor ingabuya ngemuva kokwelashwa?

Ukubuyela akuvamile kodwa kungenzeka, kwenzeka cishe ku-10-15% yezigameko. Ukubuyela okuningi kwenzeka phakathi neminyaka emibili yokuqala ngemuva kokwelashwa, kungakho ukunakekelwa okulandelayo kubalulekile. Uma umdlavuza ubuyela, ngokuvamile usengaphathwa ngokuphumelelayo, nakuba indlela ingase ihluke ekwelapheni kokuqala.

Kufanele ngitshoni umntwana wami ngokuxilongwa kwakhe?

Yiba eqinisile ngendlela efanele iminyaka. Izingane ezincane zidinga izincazelo ezilula, ezibonakalayo njengokuthi "Unezinye izicubu ezigulayo esinzweni sakho okudingeka odokotela bazisuse ukuze bakwenze ube ngcono." Izingane ezindala zingakuqonda kangcono ulwazi oluqondile ngokwelashwa nokuthi kungani kudingeka. Izingcweti zokuphila kwezingane esibhedlela sakho zingakusiza uthole amazwi afanele futhi zinikeze izinsiza zokusiza umntwana wakho ukuba aphathe.