Uyini i-Zenker's Diverticulum? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

I-Zenker's diverticulum iyisikhwama esincane esenziwa odongeni lomphimbo wakho, ngaphezulu nje kwalapho i-esophagus yakho iqala khona. Cabanga ngayo njengebhaluni elincane elikhula ngaphandle odongeni oluqinile lwendawo ephezulu yomphimbo wakho. Lesi sikhwama singabamba ukudla noketshezi, okuholela ebunzimeni bokuginya nezinye izimpawu ezingathandeki ezivame ukuba zimbi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Nakuba igama lingase lizwakale liyesabekisa, lesi simo silula kakhulu ukusilwa ngokwelashwa okuhle. Abantu abaningi abathuthukisa i-Zenker's diverticulum bangabadala, futhi kuvamile kubantu kunabesifazane. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi uma sekuxilongwe, izinketho zokwelapha ezisebenzayo zingathuthukisa kakhulu ikhwalithi yokuphila kwakho.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-Zenker's diverticulum?

Impumelelo yokuqala evamile iwukuzwa sengathi ukudla kunamathela emgqeni wakho uma uginya. Ungase uqaphele lokhu kwenzeka kaningi ngokudla okuqinile ekuqaleni, bese kancane kancane noketshezi.

Ake sihambe ngezimpawu ongazihlangabezana nazo, siqale ngezivamile kakhulu. Lezi zimpawu zivame ukuthuthuka kancane kancane ezinyangeni noma eminyakeni eminingi, ngakho ungase ungaziboni ngokushesha.

• Ubunzima bokuginya (dysphagia): Ukudla kuzwakala sengathi kunamathela emgqeni wakho
• Ukubuyela emuva kokudla: Ukudla okungagayiwe kubuyela phezulu amahora ngemva kokudla
• Umoya omubi (halitosis): Obangelwa yizinhlayiya zokudla ezibambelekile esikhwamini
• Ukuhlanza okuqhubekayo: Kubaba kakhulu ebusuku uma ulele phansi
• Ukushintsha kwezwi: Izwi lakho lingase lizwakale libuthakathaka noma liphezulu
• Ukulahlekelwa isisindo: Ngokuvamile kwenzeka kancane kancane njengoba ukudla kuba nzima
• Ubuhlungu esifubeni: Kungase kuzwakale njengengcindezi noma ukungakhululeki ngemuva kwesifuba sakho
• Imizwa yokugqugquzela: Ungase uzwe imizwa yokugqugquzela emgqeni wakho

Ezimeni ezingavamile, abanye abantu bahlangabezana ne-aspiration pneumonia uma izinhlayiya zokudla zingena ngengozi emaphashini abo. Lokhu kungenzeka kakhulu ngesikhathi sokulala lapho isikhwama siqeda okuqukethwe kwalo. Uma uthuthukisa ukutheleleka okukhulu kokuphefumula kanye nezingqinamba zokugwinya, kubalulekile ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho.

Yini ebangela i-Zenker's diverticulum?

Lesi simo sithuthuka lapho kunenkinga yokubambisana phakathi kwemisipha emibili ebalulekile emgqeni wakho. I-upper esophageal sphincter (isondo lemisipha esebenza njengesivalo) ayikhululeki kahle lapho imisipha yomphimbo iqina ukuze isuse ukudla phansi.

Nanku okwenzekayo emgqeni wakho lapho lesi simo sithuthuka. Inkinga yokubambisana kwemisipha idala ingcindezi eyenzeka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ebangela indawo ebuthakathaka odongeni lomphimbo ukuba ikhule ngaphandle.

• Ubuthakathaka bemisipha obuhambisana nobudala: Imisipha emgqeni wakho iyancipha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi
• Ingcindezi eyenzeka: Lapho imisipha ingabambisani kahle, ingcindezi iyakhula
• Ukwenziwa kwendawo ebuthakathaka: Indawo ebuthakathaka ngokwemvelo odongeni lomphimbo inikeza ngaphansi kwengcindezi
• Ukuthuthuka kancane kwesikhwama: Ukukhula kancane kuba khulu ngokugwinya okuphindaphindayo

Ezimeni ezingavamile kakhulu, izici ze-genetic zingase zidlale indima emsebenzini wemisipha, kodwa lokhu akusaziwa kahle okwamanje. Izimo eziningi zivela nje enkambeni yemvelo yokuguga ethonya ukubambisana kwemisipha emgqeni wakho.

Nini okufanele ubona udokotela nge-Zenker's diverticulum?

Kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho uma unezinkinga eziqhubekayo zokugwinya, ikakhulu uma ziya ziba zimbi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ungalindi uma ukudla okuqinile kuhlala kuzwakala sengathi kunamathela emgqeni wakho.

Ezinye izimpawu zidinga ukunakekelwa okusheshayo ngoba zingase zibonise ukuphazamiseka. Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi lezi zibonakaliso zezeshwa, kubalulekile ukufuna ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

• Ukubi kakhulu kwezinkinga zokugwinya ngokuzumayo
• Ukuhlanza noma ukuhlwitha okuvamile ngesikhathi sokudla
• Ukutheleleka okuphindaphindayo kokuphefumula noma i-pneumonia
• Ukulahlekelwa isisindo esikhulu okungahlosiwe
• Ubuhlungu obukhulu besifuba ngesikhathi sokugwinya
• Ukungenakukwazi ngokuphelele ukugwinya uketshezi

Izimpawu zakho zingase zibonakale zilula ekuqaleni, kodwa i-Zenker's diverticulum ngokuvamile iyaqhubeka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukubheka kusenesikhathi kungasiza ukuvimbela ukuphazamiseka nokwenza imiphumela yokwelapha ibe ngcono.

Ziyini izici ezingaholela e-Zenker's diverticulum?

Ubudala yiyona nto ebaluleke kakhulu, abantu abaningi bathuthukisa lesi simo ngemva kweminyaka engama-60. Imisipha yakho yomphimbo ilahlekelwa ukubambisana namandla ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, okwenza izinkinga zesikhathi semisipha zibe lula.

Izici eziningi zingandisa amathuba akho okukhula kwalesi simo. Ukuqonda lezi zici ezingaholela ekukhuleni kwalesi simo kungakusiza ukuthi uqaphele izimpawu kusenesikhathi uma zithuthuka.

• Ubudala obuphezulu: Kuvamile kubantu abadala ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-60
• Ubulili besilisa: Amadoda athuthukisa lesi simo kabili kunabesifazane
• Ubuzwe baseYurophu yaseNyakatho: Kubonakala kaningi kubantu baseScandinavia noma baseYurophu yaseNyakatho
• Umlando wezinkinga zokugwinya: Izinkinga zangaphambili zomphimbo noma i-esophagus zingase zithole
• Isifo se-gastroesophageal reflux (GERD): Ukubuyela emuva kwesidumbu esiqhubekayo kungase kuqedele imisipha yomphimbo

Ezimeni ezingavamile, abantu abanezinye izimo ze-neurological ezithinta ukulawulwa kwemisipha bangase babe sengozini enkulu. Noma kunjalo, iningi lezimo livela kubantu abadala abaphilile ngaphandle kwanoma yiziphi izimo zezokwelapha ezisekelayo.

Ziyini izinkinga ezingase zenzeke ngenxa ye-Zenker's diverticulum?

Inkinga ebucayi kakhulu yi-aspiration pneumonia, eyenzeka lapho ukudla noma uketshezi oluvela esikhwamini lungena ngengozi emaphashini akho. Lokhu kungenzeka kakhulu ngesikhathi sokulala uma ulele phansi.

Ake sixoxe ngezinkinga ezingase zithuthuke uma lesi simo singalashwa. Nakuba akuwona wonke umuntu ohlangabezana nezinkinga, ukwazi ngazo kusiza ukuqonda ukuthi kungani ukwelashwa kuvame ukunconywa.

• I-Aspiration pneumonia: Izinhlayiya zokudla zingena emaphashini, zibangela ukutheleleka
• Ukondleka okungalungile nokuqothuka kwamanzi: Ubunzima bokudla nokuphepha kuholela ekungondleki kahle
• Ukuzihlukanisa komphakathi: Ubunzima bokudla bungase benze abantu bagweme ukudla nabanye
• Ukuhlanza okuqhubekayo nokucasuka komphimbo: Ukucasuka okuqhubekayo okuvela ekudleni okubambelekile
• Ukuphazamiseka kokulala: Ukubuyela emuva kokudla ebusuku nokuhlanza kuthonya ukulala

Kungenzeka kakhulu, isikhwama singaba sikhulu kangangokuthi sicindezela izakhiwo eziseduze entanyeni yakho. Ezimeni ezingavamile kakhulu, umdlavuza ungase ukhule ngaphakathi kwe-diverticulum, nakuba lokhu kwenzeka kubantu abangaphansi kuka-1% abanesimo. Ukulandelela njalo nodokotela wakho kusiza ukulandelela noma yikuphi ukushintsha.

I-Zenker's diverticulum ixilongwa kanjani?

Udokotela wakho uzoqala ngokubuza ngezimpawu zakho nokwenza ukuhlolwa komzimba wentanyeni yakho nomphimbo. Uvivinyo olukhulu lokuthola i-diagnosis ngokuvamile yi-barium swallow study, lapho uphuza khona uketshezi olukhulu oluvela kuma-X-rays.

Inkambiso yokuxilonga ngokuvamile ihlanganisa izinyathelo eziningi ukuze uthole isithombe esicacile sokuthi kwenzekani emgqeni wakho. Umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo ufuna ukubona ukuthi isikhwama sikhona kuphi nokuthi sikhulu kangakanani.

1. Umlando wezokwelapha nokuhlolwa komzimba: Ingxoxo yezimpawu nokuhlolwa komphimbo
2. I-Barium swallow (esophagram): Ukuhlolwa kwe-X-ray okubonisa isikhwama ngokucacile
3. I-Upper endoscopy: Ukuhlolwa kwekhamera yomphimbo wakho ne-esophagus
4. I-CT scan: Ngokuvamile isebenza ukuthola izithombe ezinemininingwane yendawo yentanyeni
5. I-Manometry: Ukuhlolwa kwengcindezi ukuhlola umsebenzi wemisipha

I-barium swallow ngokuvamile iyona i-test esiza kakhulu ngoba ibonisa ukuthi isikhwama sigcwalisa futhi siqeda kanjani. Ezimeni ezingavamile lapho i-diagnosis ingacaci, udokotela wakho angase ancome ukuhlolwa okukhethekile okuqhubekayo ukuze akhiphe ezinye izimo ezingabangela izimpawu ezifanayo.

Yikuphi ukwelashwa kwe-Zenker's diverticulum?

Ukwelashwa kuncike ekukhuleni kwesikhwama sakho nokuthi kuthonya kangakanani impilo yakho yansuku zonke. Izikhwama ezincane ezingabangeli izimpawu eziningi zingase zidinga nje ukulandelelwa, kanti ezinkulu ngokuvamile zidinga ukuhlinzwa.

Uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa luzolungiswa ngesimo sakho esithile nempilo yakho yonke. Ake sihlole izindlela ezahlukene iqembu lakho lezokunakekelwa kwezempilo elingase lizincome, siqale ngezinketho ezingathinti kakhulu.

• Ukulinda nokulinda: Izikhwama ezincane, ezingenasimpawu zingase zidinga nje ukulandelelwa njalo
• Ukushintsha kokudla: Ukudla okuthambile nezinqubo zokudla ezinengqondo kungasiza ukuphatha izimpawu
• Ukuhlinzwa kwe-Endoscopic: Inkambiso encane yokwahlukanisa imisipha engakhululeki kahle
• Ukulungiswa kokuhinzwa okuvulekile: Ukuhlinzwa okuvamile ukususa isikhwama nokulungisa inkinga esekelwe
• Ukuhlinzwa kwe-Robotic: Indlela entsha ehlanganisa ukunemba nokukhahlela okuncane

Indlela ye-endoscopic iye yaba yethandwa kakhulu ngoba ayithinti kakhulu futhi inezikhathi zokubuyela esimweni esijwayelekile ezikhawulezile. Ezimeni ezingavamile lapho umuntu engaphilile ngokwanele ukuhlinzwa, ukunakekelwa okusekayo okuqondene nokondleka nokuvimbela ukuphazamiseka kuba yindlela ebalulekile. Udokotela wakho uzoqondisa ukuthi iyiphi indlela efanele isimo sakho esithile.

Indlela yokuphatha izimpawu ekhaya ngesikhathi se-Zenker's diverticulum?

Ngesikhathi ulinda ukwelashwa noma uma unesikhwama esincane esilandelelwa, amasu ambalwa angasiza ukwenza ukudla kube lula. Okubalulekile ukusebenza nokuqina komhlaba nokupha imisipha yakho yomphimbo ithuba elihle lokususa ukudla kahle.

Lezi zindlela zokuphatha ekhaya zingathuthukisa kakhulu induduzo yakho nokunciphisa izimpawu. Khumbula, lezi yizindlela zokusekela futhi azithathi isikhundla sokwelashwa kwezokwelapha uma kudingeka.

• Dla ukudla okuncane, okuvamile: Ukudla okuncane ngesikhathi sibeka ingcindezi encane emgqeni wakho
• Ginya kahle: Ukudla okuginyiwe kahle kulula kwemisipha yakho yomphimbo ukuyisebenzisa
• Hlala uqonde ngemva kokudla: Hlala uhlale noma uqonde okungenani imizuzu engama-30 ngemva kokudla
• Khetha ukudla okuthambile, okunamanzi: Gwema ukudla okwomile, okuqinile, noma okunamathelayo okungase kubambekele
• Phuza amanzi amaningi: Kusiza ukugeza ukudla emgqeni wakho
• Lala unekhanda eliphakeme: Sebenzisa amapilishi engeziwe ukuvimbela ukubuyela emuva kokudla ebusuku

Abanye abantu bathola ukuthi ukumunca indawo yentanyeni ngemva kokudla kungasiza ukukhuthaza isikhwama ukuba siqede. Ezimeni ezingavamile, udokotela wakho angase akuqeqeshe izindlela zendawo ezisebenza kahle emzimbeni wakho.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani i-appointment yakho nodokotela?

Ngaphambi kwe-appointment yakho, gcina irekhodi elizwile lezimpawu zakho okungenani isonto elilodwa. Bhala phansi ukuthi yikuphi ukudla okubangela izinkinga, lapho izimpawu zibi khona, nanoma yiziphi izindlela oziqaphelayo.

Ukufika ulungile ngolwazi oluqondile kusiza udokotela wakho ukuthi aqonde isimo sakho kangcono futhi enze i-diagnosis enembile. Nanku okumele ukulethe nokulungiselela ukuvakasha kwakho.

• Idayari yezimpawu: Rekhoda ukuthi nini, yini, nokuthi izinkinga zokudla zenzeka kanjani
• Uhlu oluphelele lwemithi: Faka yonke imithi yokwelapha, imithi engaphezu kokubalwa, kanye nezinhlanganisela zezitshalo
• Imiphumela yokuhlolwa yangaphambili: Letha amakhophi anoma yikuphi ukuhlolwa komphimbo noma ukugwinya okwenzile
• Uhlu lwemibuzo: Bhala phansi konke ofuna ukubuza kusengaphambili
• Umlando wezokwelapha womndeni: Qaphela noma yibaphi abantu bomndeni abanezinkinga zokugwinya noma zomphimbo

Cabanga ngendlela izimpawu zakho eziyithonya ngayo imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke nekhalithi yokuphila. Ezimeni ezingavamile, udokotela wakho angase afune ukukubuka udle noma uphuze ngesikhathi se-appointment, ngakho ungamangali uma ekucele ukubonisa izinkinga zakho zokugwinya.

Yini okubalulekile nge-Zenker's diverticulum?

I-Zenker's diverticulum yisimo esilula esivame ukuthuthukisa kubantu abadala ngenxa yokuhlukahluka komphimbo kwemisipha ehambisana nobudala. Nakuba izimpawu zingase zibe zingezinhle futhi zibe zimbi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo kukhona.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyikhumbule ukuthi ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi nokwelashwa okuhle kungathuthukisa kakhulu ikhwalithi yokuphila kwakho. Ungawagcini amahloni okuginya okuqhubekayo, ikakhulu uma kuhlupha ikhono lakho lokudla nokuphepha ngokunethezeka.

Izindlela zokuhinzwa zanamuhla, ikakhulukazi izindlela ze-endoscopic, zenza ukwelashwa kube yilokhu kuphephile futhi ukubuyela esimweni esijwayelekile kube ngokushesha kunakuqala. Ngokunakekelwa okuhle, abantu abaningi bangabuyela ekudleni okujwayelekile futhi bajabulele ukudla ngaphandle kokungakhululeki.

Imibuzo evamile ebuzwa nge-Zenker's diverticulum

Q.1 Ingabe i-Zenker's diverticulum ingaphela yodwa?

Cha, i-Zenker's diverticulum ayikwazi ukuphulukisa noma iphele yodwa. Uma isikhwama sesenziwe odongeni lomphimbo wakho, ngokuvamile sihlala sikhulu noma sikhula kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Inkinga yokubambisana kwemisipha esekelwe ayithuthuki ngaphandle kokwelashwa.

Kodwa-ke, izikhwama ezincane ezingabangeli izimpawu ezinkulu zingase zingadingi ukwelashwa ngokushesha. Udokotela wakho angase ancome ukulandela isimo ngokuhlala ekuhlolweni ukuze abone ukuthi kuya phambili yini kufanele ukungenelela kube yinto edingekayo.

Q.2 Ingabe i-Zenker's diverticulum iyimdlavuza noma ingaba yimdlavuza?

I-Zenker's diverticulum ngokwayo ayiyona umdlavuza. Kuyisikhwama esenziwe yimisipha ebuthakathaka yomphimbo. Kodwa-ke, ezimeni ezingavamile kakhulu (abantu abangaphansi kuka-1%), umdlavuza ungase ukhule ngaphakathi kwe-diverticulum eminyakeni eminingi.

Kungakho udokotela wakho angase ancome ukulandelela njalo ngisho nasezikhwameni ezincane. Ukulandelela njalo kusiza ukuthola noma yikuphi ukushintsha okungavamile kusenesikhathi. Ingozi iphansi kakhulu, kodwa ingenye yezizathu zokuthi izimpawu eziqhubekayo zingagcinwa.

Q.3 Ukuphulukiswa kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ngemva kokuhlinzwa kwe-Zenker's diverticulum?

Isikhathi sokubuyela esimweni esijwayelekile sihlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lokuhlinzwa okwenziwe. Izindlela ze-Endoscopic ngokuvamile zikuvumela ukuthi uqale ukudla ukudla okuthambile phakathi kwamahora angu-24-48, ngokubuyela esimweni esijwayelekile ngokuphelele ezinyangeni ezingu-1-2. Izindlela zokuhlinzwa okuvulekile zingase zidinga amasonto angu-2-4 ukuze ziphulukiswe ngokuphelele.

Abantu abaningi baqaphela ukuthuthuka okukhulu ekugwinyeni ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala ngemva kokuhlinzwa kwe-endoscopic. Udokotela wakho uzohlinzeka ngemiyalo ethile mayelana nokuthi nini kufanele ubuyele ekudleni okujwayelekile nemisebenzi kuye ngokuthuthuka kwakho kokwelapha.

Q.4 Ingabe abantu abasebancane bangathuthukisa i-Zenker's diverticulum?

Nakuba i-Zenker's diverticulum ithonya ikakhulu abantu abadala ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-60, ingase ibonakale ngezinye izikhathi kubantu abasebancane. Uma kwenzeka kubantu abasebancane, ngokuvamile kunesimo esisekelwe esithinta umsebenzi wemisipha yomphimbo noma ukulimala kwangaphambili kwendawo yentanyeni.

Abantu abasebancane abanesimo esinjalo bangase babe nezizathu ezahlukene ezikelwe, njengezifo ze-neurological noma ukuhlinzwa komphimbo kwangaphambili. Indlela yokwelapha ifana, kodwa udokotela wakho uzoqala ukucwaninga izizathu ezikelwe ngokuningiliziwe.

Q.5 Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-Zenker's diverticulum nokuphindaphinda kwesidumbu?

Nakuba kokubili izimo zingabangela ubunzima bokuginya, zithinta izingxenye ezahlukene zesimiso sakho sokuhlanza. I-Zenker's diverticulum ihlanganisa isikhwama emgqeni wakho ophezulu, kanti ukubuyela emuva kwesidumbu kuthonya i-esophagus ephansi nendawo yesisu.

Ukubuyela emuva kwesidumbu ngokuvamile kubangela ukushisa kwesifuba futhi kwenzeka ngokushesha ngemva kokudla, ikakhulu uma ulele phansi. I-Zenker's diverticulum iholela ekubuyeleni emuva kokudla amahora ngemva kokudla futhi ngokuvamile ihlanganisa izinhlayiya zokudla ezingagayiwe. I-barium swallow study ingakwazi ukwahlukanisa phakathi kwalezi zimo.