Yini i-Abacavir kanye ne-Lamivudine: Ukusetshenziswa, Umthamo, Imiphumela Eceleni nokuningi

I-Abacavir kanye ne-lamivudine kuyinhlanganisela yomuthi we-HIV osiza ukulawula igciwane emzimbeni wakho. Lo muthi oqoshwe ngudokotela uqukethe imithi emibili enamandla yokulwa negciwane elisebenza ngokubambisana ukunciphisa ikhono le-HIV lokuziphindaphinda nokusabalala kuyo yonke imizimba yakho.

Ungase wazi lo muthi ngamagama awo omkhiqizo afana ne-Epzicom noma i-Kivexa. Iyingxenye yohlelo lokwelapha olungakusiza ukuthi uphile impilo enempilo, ende ne-HIV uma ithathwa njalo njengoba kunqunywe ngumhlinzeki wakho wezempilo.

Yini i-Abacavir kanye ne-Lamivudine?

I-Abacavir kanye ne-lamivudine yithebhulethi ehlanganisiwe enomthamo omisiwe equkethe imithi emibili ehlukene ye-HIV epilini elilodwa. Zombili izithako zingezinhlobo zemithi ebizwa ngokuthi ama-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, asebenza ngokuvimba i-HIV ukuthi ingazikopishi ngaphakathi kwamaseli akho.

Le nhlanganisela yenza kube lula ukuthi uthathe ukwelashwa kwakho kwe-HIV ngoba uthola imithi emibili emthomeni owodwa. Umuthi uza njengamaphilisi owagwinya wonke, futhi wenzelwe ukuthi abe yingxenye yohlelo olugcwele lokwelapha i-HIV kanye neminye imithi elwa negciwane.

Udokotela wakho uzonquma lo muthi njengengxenye yalokho okubizwa ngokuthi ukwelashwa okusebenzayo kakhulu kwe-antiretroviral noma i-HAART. Le ndlela isebenzisa imithi eminingi ye-HIV ndawonye ukudala ukuvikela okunamandla ngokumelene negciwane emzimbeni wakho.

Isetshenziselwani i-Abacavir kanye ne-Lamivudine?

Lo muthi usetshenziselwa ngokuqondile ukwelapha ukutheleleka nge-HIV-1 kubantu abadala kanye nezingane ezinobunzima obungama-kilogramu angama-25 (cishe amaphawundi angama-55). Isebenza njengengxenye yokwelapha okuhlanganisiwe ukusiza ukunciphisa inani le-HIV egazini lakho liye emazingeni angatholakali.

Umgomo oyinhloko ukusiza amasosha akho omzimba ukuthi alulame futhi ahlale eqinile ngenkathi evimbela i-HIV ukuthi ingaqhubeki iye ku-AIDS. Uma isetshenziswa ngendlela efanele neminye imithi ye-HIV, le nhlanganisela ingakusiza ukuthi ugcine isikhathi esivamile sokuphila futhi uvimbele ukudluliselwa kwegciwane kwabanye.

Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo angase ancome le nhlanganisela ethile uma uqala ukwelashwa nge-HIV okokuqala noma uma udinga ukushintsha kwenye indlela yokwelapha. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi lo muthi welapha i-HIV kodwa awuyelaphi ngokuphelele.

Isebenza Kanjani I-Abacavir ne-Lamivudine?

Lo muthi ohlanganisiwe usebenza ngokungenelela ekukwazini kwe-HIV ukuzala ngaphakathi kwamaseli akho. Kokubili i-abacavir ne-lamivudine zivimba i-enzyme ebizwa ngokuthi i-reverse transcriptase, okuyinto i-HIV eyidingayo ukuze ikopishe izinto zayo zofuzo futhi idale izinhlayiya ezintsha zegciwane.

Cabanga ngayo njengokufaka isikrufu emshinini wokukopisha we-HIV. Lapho igciwane lizama ukuzala, le mithi iyayivimbela ukuthi ingaqedi inqubo ngempumelelo. Lokhu kusiza ukunciphisa umthwalo wegciwane egazini lakho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Lo muthi ubhekwa njengonamandla ngokulinganisela uma uhlanganiswe neminye imithi ye-HIV. Nakuba isebenza kahle, isebenza kangcono njengengxenye yendlela yokwelapha enemithi emithathu kunokuthi isetshenziswe yodwa, yingakho udokotela wakho ezoqoka eminye imithi ye-HIV kanye nayo.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Kanjani I-Abacavir ne-Lamivudine?

Kufanele uthathe lo muthi ngendlela udokotela wakho ayala ngayo, ngokuvamile kanye ngosuku ngaphandle kokudla noma ngaphandle kokudla. Ithebhulethi ingathathwa ngamanzi, ubisi, noma ijusi, futhi akudingeki ukhathazeke ngokuyihlela nezidlo ngoba ukudla akuthinti ngendlela ebalulekile ukuthi umzimba wakho umunca kanjani umuthi.

Zama ukuthatha umthamo wakho ngesikhathi esifanayo nsuku zonke ukuze usize ukugcina amazinga aqhubekayo omuthi ohlelweni lwakho. Ungasetha i-alamu yansuku zonke noma usebenzise umhleli wamaphilisi ukukusiza ukuthi ukhumbule, ngoba ukweqa imithamo kungavumela i-HIV ukuthi imelane nokwelashwa.

Gwinya ithebhulethi yonke kunokuyichoboza, ukuyihlafuna, noma ukuyiqhekeza. Uma unenkinga yokugwinya amaphilisi, khuluma nomuthi wakho mayelana namasu angasiza, kodwa ungashintshi uhlobo lwethebulethi ngaphandle kwesiqondiso.

Ngaphambi kokuqala lo muthi, udokotela wakho uzokuhlola uphawu lofuzo olubizwa nge-HLA-B*5701. Lolu vivinyo lubalulekile ngoba abantu abanale ntshisekelo yofuzo banengozi enkulu yokuba nezinto ezingavamile zokungezwani komzimba ku-abacavir.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Isikhathi Esingakanani I-Abacavir ne-Lamivudine?

Uzodinga ukuthatha lo muthi impilo yakho yonke njengengxenye yokwelashwa kwakho okuqhubekayo kwe-HIV. Ukwelashwa kwe-HIV kuyisibopho sesikhathi eside esidinga imithi yansuku zonke ukuze igciwane licindezelwe futhi amasosha akho omzimba ahlale enempilo.

Abantu abaningi baqala ukubona ngcono ekulayisheni kwabo igciwane phakathi kwamasonto angu-2-8 ngemuva kokuqala ukwelashwa, ngokuncipha okukhulu okuvame ukwenzeka phakathi nezinyanga ezingu-3-6. Udokotela wakho uzoqapha intuthuko yakho ngokuhlolwa kwegazi okujwayelekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umuthi usebenza ngempumelelo.

Ungayeki ukuthatha lo muthi ngaphandle kokukhuluma nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo kuqala, ngisho noma uzizwa kahle ngokuphelele. Ukuyeka ukwelashwa kwe-HIV kungabangela ukuthi igciwane liphindaphindeke ngokushesha futhi lingase lithuthukise ukumelana nemithi, okwenza ukwelashwa okuzayo kube yinselelo enkulu.

Yiziphi Izimo Ezingezinhle ze-Abacavir ne-Lamivudine?

Abantu abaningi bawuthola kahle lo muthi, kodwa njengayo yonke imithi, ingabangela imiphumela emibi. Imiphumela emibi evame kakhulu ivamise ukuba mnene futhi ivamise ukuthuthuka njengoba umzimba wakho ujwayela ukwelashwa emasontweni ambalwa okuqala.

Nawa amanye imiphumela emibi evame kakhulu ongase uyithole:

• Ikhanda nokukhathala
• Ukucasuka kwesisu nokucasuka
• Ukuqunjelwa noma izitulo ezixekile
• Ukulala kanzima noma amaphupho acacile
• Isiyezi noma ukukhathala
• Ikhala eligcwele noma eligelezayo

Le miphumela emibi yansuku zonke ivamise ukuba ngaphansi kokukhathaza njengoba umzimba wakho ujwayela umuthi. Uma ziqhubeka noma ziphazamisa imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke, umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo angase asikisela izindlela zokuphatha zona.

Noma kunjalo, kunemiphumela emibi ethile edinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha, nakuba ingavamile:

• Ukungezwani okukhulu komzimba (i-hypersensitivity syndrome)
• I-Lactic acidosis (ukwanda kwe-lactic acid egazini)
• Izinkinga ezinkulu zesibindi
• Ukwanda kwe-hepatitis B (uma unalolu bhubhane)

Ukusabela kwe-hypersensitivity ku-abacavir yisiphumela esibi esikhathaza kakhulu. Kungabangela umkhuhlane, ukuqubuka, ukukhathala okukhulu, ubuhlungu besisu, nezimpawu ezinjengomkhuhlane. Uma uhlangabezana nalezi zimpawu, ikakhulukazi phakathi namasonto ayisithupha okuqala okwelashwa, xhumana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha futhi ungalithathi futhi le mithi.

Ubani Ongafanele Athathwe I-Abacavir ne-Lamivudine?

Akufanele uthathe le mithi uma unokungezwani komzimba ku-abacavir, lamivudine, noma ezinye izithako eziqukethwe ithebhulethi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma uhlolwa ukuthi unomaki wofuzo i-HLA-B*5701, udokotela wakho uzokhetha ukwelashwa okuhlukile kwe-HIV ukuze agweme ingozi yokungezwani komzimba okukhulu.

Abantu abanezifo zesibindi eziphakathi nendawo kuya kwezinkulu bangase badinge imithamo ehlukile noma imithi ehlukile. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzohlola ukusebenza kwesibindi sakho ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa futhi akubheke njalo ngenkathi uthatha imithi.

Uma unezinkinga zezinso, udokotela wakho angase adinge ukulungisa umthamo wakho noma acabangele ezinye izindlela zokwelapha. Zombili izingxenye zale mithi zicutshungulwa ngezinso zakho, ngakho ukungasebenzi kahle kwezinso kungathinta indlela umuthi osebenza ngayo emzimbeni wakho.

Abesifazane abakhulelwe ngokuvamile bangathatha le mithi, kodwa ukuqapha okuseduze kubalulekile. Uma uhlela ukukhulelwa noma uthola ukuthi ukhulelwe ngenkathi uthatha le mithi, xoxa ngezingozi nezinzuzo nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ngokushesha.

Amagama Omkhiqizo we-Abacavir ne-Lamivudine

Amagama amaningi ajwayelekile ale mithi ehlanganisiwe yi-Epzicom e-United States kanye ne-Kivexa kwamanye amazwe. Zombili ziqukethe inani elifanayo lezithako ezisebenzayo: 600 mg ye-abacavir kanye ne-300 mg ye-lamivudine ithebhulethi ngayinye.

Izinhlobo ezivamile zingase zitholakale nakwezinye izindawo, eziqulathe izithako ezisebenzayo ezifanayo kodwa zingase zibe nezithako ezingasebenzi ezihlukile noma ukubukeka. Umkhemisi wakho angakusiza ukuthi ubone ukuthi uthola yini igama lomkhiqizo noma uhlobo olujwayelekile.

Njalo hlola nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ngaphambi kokushintsha phakathi kwamagama omkhiqizo nezinhlobo ezivamile, njengoba bezofuna ukuqinisekisa ukuqina ekwelashweni kwakho.

Ezinye izindlela ze-Abacavir ne-Lamivudine

Ezinye izinhlanganisela zemithi ye-HIV zingasebenza njengezinye izindlela uma le nhlanganisela ethile ingakulungele. Udokotela wakho angase acabangele i-emtricitabine ne-tenofovir (Truvada), i-emtricitabine ne-tenofovir alafenamide (Descovy), noma ezinye izinhlanganisela ze-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor.

Kubantu abangakwazi ukuthatha i-abacavir ngenxa ye-HLA-B*5701 positivity, ezinye izindlela ngokuvamile zihlanganisa izinhlanganisela ezisekelwe ku-tenofovir. Lezi zisebenza ngendlela efanayo ngokuvala ukuzala kabusha kwe-HIV kodwa zisebenzisa izindlela ezihlukene futhi zinezinhlobo ezihlukene zemiphumela emibi.

Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzocabangela izinto ezinjengokusebenza kwezinso zakho, impilo yamathambo, ezinye izimo zezokwelapha, kanye nokusebenzisana okungenzeka kwemithi lapho ekhetha enye indlela engcono kakhulu yesimo sakho esithile.

Ingabe i-Abacavir ne-Lamivudine ingcono kune-Tenofovir ne-Emtricitabine?

Zombili izinhlanganisela ziyindlela yokwelapha i-HIV esebenza kahle kakhulu, kodwa akukho noyedwa othi “ungcono” kunomunye. Ukukhetha kuncike kuphrofayela yakho yezempilo, izici zofuzo, nokuthi uyayibekezelela kangakanani imithi ngayinye.

I-Abacavir ne-lamivudine kungase kukhethwe uma unezinkinga zezinso noma izinkinga zokuminyana kwamathambo, njengoba i-tenofovir ngezinye izikhathi ingase ithinte lezi zindawo. Kodwa-ke, izinhlanganisela ze-tenofovir zingase zikhethwe uma uhlolwa ukuthi unayo i-HLA-B*5701 noma unezimo ezithile zesibindi.

Udokotela wakho uzocabangela umlando wakho wezokwelapha ophelele, imiphumela yaselebhu, nezintandokazi zakho siqu lapho enquma ukuthi iyiphi inhlanganisela esebenza kahle kuwe. Zombili izinketho zinezincwadi zokulandela ezifakazelwe ezifundweni zomtholampilo nasekusetshenzisweni kwangempela.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana ne-Abacavir ne-Lamivudine

Ingabe i-Abacavir ne-Lamivudine Kuphephile Kubantu Abane-Hepatitis B?

Lo muthi ungasetshenziswa kubantu abane-hepatitis B, kodwa kudinga ukuqapha okucophelelayo. I-Lamivudine inemisebenzi elwa negciwane le-hepatitis B, ngakho-ke uma une-HIV ne-hepatitis B, ukuyeka lo muthi kungase kubangele i-hepatitis B yakho ukuthi ivuthe kakhulu.

Udokotela wakho uzoqapha umsebenzi wesibindi sakho ngokucophelela futhi angase anikeze umuthi owengeziwe we-hepatitis B uma kudingeka. Ungalokothi uyeke ukuthatha lo muthi ngaphandle kokuqashwa kwezokwelapha uma une-hepatitis B co-infection.

Ngingenzani Uma Ngenhlanhla Ngithatha i-Abacavir ne-Lamivudine Engaphezu Kakhulu?

Uma ngengozi uthatha okungaphezu komthamo wakho obekiwe, xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo noma isikhungo sokulawula ubuthi ngokushesha. Ngenkathi izimpawu zokweqisa ezinzima zingavamile ngalo muthi, ukuthatha okuningi kungakhuphula ingozi yakho yemiphumela emibi.

Ungazami ukwenza umthamo owengeziwe ngokuqaqa umthamo wakho olandelayo ohleliwe. Kunalokho, qhubeka nohlelo lwakho lokulinganisa olujwayelekile ngaphandle kokuthi udokotela wakho eluleka ngenye indlela.

Ngingenzani Uma Ngiphuthelwa Umthamo we-Abacavir ne-Lamivudine?

Uma uphuthelwa umthamo, wuthatha ngokushesha lapho ukhumbula, ngaphandle kokuthi sekuseduze isikhathi somthamo wakho olandelayo ohleliwe. Kulokho, weqa umthamo ophuthelwe bese uthatha umthamo wakho olandelayo ngesikhathi esijwayelekile.

Ungalokothi uthathe imithamo emibili ngesikhathi esisodwa ukuze ubuyisele umthamo owuphuthelwe. Uma uvame ukukhohlwa imithamo, khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana namasu okukusiza ukuthi ukhumbule, njengokusetha ama-alamu ocingweni noma ukusebenzisa izihleli zamaphilisi.

Ngingayeka nini ukuthatha i-Abacavir ne-Lamivudine?

Akufanele uyeke ukuthatha lo muthi ngaphandle kokuxoxa ngakho nodokotela wakho kuqala. Ukwelashwa kwe-HIV kungokwempilo yonke, futhi ukuyeka imithi kungabangela ukuthi igciwane liphindaphindeke ngokushesha futhi lingase likwazi ukumelana.

Udokotela wakho angase ashintshe uhlelo lwakho lwemithi uma uba nemiphumela emibi noma uma ukwelashwa okusha kutholakala, kodwa lesi sinqumo kufanele senziwe ngaso sonke isikhathi ngokubambisana nokuqashwa kwezokwelapha.

Ngingakwazi yini ukuphuza utshwala ngenkathi ngithatha i-Abacavir ne-Lamivudine?

Ukuphuza utshwala ngokulinganisela kuvamile ukwamukeleka ngenkathi uthatha lo muthi, kodwa ukuphuza ngokweqile kungakhuphula ingozi yakho yezinkinga zesibindi futhi kungase kuphazamise ukusebenza kokwelashwa kwakho kwe-HIV.

Uma unesifo sesibindi noma umlando wezinkinga zotshwala, xoxa ngokusebenzisa utshwala nodokotela wakho. Bangakunikeza isiqondiso esiqondene nawe esisekelwe esimweni sakho sempilo esithile.