Yini i-Amantadine: Ukusetshenziswa, Umthamo, Imiphumela Eceleni nokuningi

I-Amantadine iyimithi kadokotela esiza ukwelapha izimpawu zesifo sikaParkinson nezinhlobo ezithile zomkhuhlane. Ekuqaleni yathuthukiswa njengomuthi olwa namagciwane ngawo-1960, odokotela bathola ukuthi futhi isiza abantu abanezinkinga zokunyakaza bazizwe beqinile futhi behleleke kangcono.

Lo muthi usebenza ngezindlela ezimbili emzimbeni wakho. Ungalwa namagciwane athile omkhuhlane futhi usize ukulinganisa amakhemikhali obuchopho alawula ukunyakaza nemizwa. Abantu abaningi bathola ukuthi ibanika amandla amaningi futhi basize ukunciphisa ukuqina noma ukuthuthumela.

Yini i-Amantadine?

I-Amantadine ingeyeqembu lemithi ebizwa ngokuthi ama-adamantane. Iwumuthi wokwenziwa obukeka ufana nekhemikhali yobuchopho yemvelo ebizwa ngokuthi i-dopamine. Udokotela wakho angase akubhale njengamaphilisi, amaphilisi, noma uketshezi oluthathwa ngomlomo.

Lo muthi usetshenziswe ngokuphepha amashumi eminyaka ukusiza izigidi zabantu. Kuthathwa njengomuthi onamandla aphakathi nendawo osebenza ngobumnene ohlelweni lwakho. Ngokungafani neminye imithi enamandla, i-amantadine ngokuvamile ibangela imiphumela emibi embalwa kakhulu ngenkathi isahlinzeka ngokuqeda okunenjongo.

Isetshenziselwani i-Amantadine?

Odokotela babhala i-amantadine ngezimo eziningana ezithile. Ukusetshenziswa okuvamile kakhulu ukwelapha izimpawu zesifo sikaParkinson njengokuthuthumela, ukuqina, nokunyakaza okuhamba kancane. Kungasiza futhi ngezinkinga zokunyakaza ezibangelwa imithi ezinye izikhathi ezenzeka ngemithi ethile yezengqondo.

Nazi izimo eziyinhloko i-amantadine esiza ukuzelapha:

• Izimpawu zesifo sikaParkinson (ukuthuthumela, ukuqina, ukunyakaza okuhamba kancane)
• Ukuphazamiseka kokunyakaza okubangelwa imithi evela emithini ye-antipsychotic
• Ukutheleleka ngegciwane le-Influenza A (nakuba manje isetshenziswa kancane)
• Ukukhathala ku-multiple sclerosis (ukusetshenziswa okungagunyaziwe)
• Ezinye izimo zokululama kokulimala kobuchopho

Udkt. wakho uzoqonda ukuthi i-amantadine ilungile yini esimweni sakho esithile. Umuthi usebenza kahle uma uyingxenye yohlelo lokwelapha olubanzi olungase luhlanganise eminye imithi, ukwelashwa ngokomzimba, noma izinguquko zokuphila.

Isebenza Kanjani I-Amantadine?

I-Amantadine isebenza ngokukhuphula amazinga e-dopamine ebuchosheni bakho. I-Dopamine iyisithunywa samakhemikhali esisiza ukulawula ukunyakaza, imizwa, kanye nokugqugquzela. Uma unezimo ezinjengesifo sikaParkinson, ubuchopho bakho abenzi dopamine eyanele.

Lo muthi futhi uvimba ama-receptors athile ebuchosheni bakho abizwa ngokuthi ama-NMDA receptors. Lesi senzo sokuvimba sisiza ukunciphisa ukunyakaza okungavamile futhi singathuthukisa ukulawula kwakho konke ukunyakaza. Cabanga ngakho njengokusiza ukuthambisa ukuxhumana phakathi kobuchopho bakho nemisipha.

Njenge-antiviral, i-amantadine ivimbela amagciwane e-flu ukuthi angene emangqamuzeni akho futhi azale. Kodwa-ke, izinhlobo eziningi ze-flu ziye zakha ukumelana nayo, ngakho odokotela manje abavamile ukuyincoma ekwelapheni i-flu. Izinzuzo zokuphazamiseka kokunyakaza zihlala ziyindlela yayo yokusetshenziswa eyinhloko namuhla.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Kanjani I-Amantadine?

Thatha i-amantadine ngendlela enconwa ngayo udkt. wakho, ngokuvamile kanye noma kabili ngosuku. Ungayithatha nokudla noma ngaphandle kokudla, nakuba ukuyithatha nokudla kungasiza ukunciphisa isisu esibuhlungu. Gwinya amaphilisi noma amaphilisi wonke ngenkomishi yamanzi egcwele.

Kungcono ukuthatha i-amantadine ekuseni, okungcono ekuseni. Ukuyithatha sekwephuzile kusihlwa kungaphazamisa ukulala kwakho njengoba kungase kubangele ukugqugquzela okuncane. Uma uyithatha kabili ngosuku, hlukanisa imithamo ngokulinganayo usuku lonke.

Nawa amanye amathiphu abalulekile okuthatha i-amantadine ngokuphepha:

• Yithathe ngesikhathi esifanayo nsuku zonke ukuze ugcine amazinga aqhubekayo
• Ungachobozi, uhlafune, noma uphule amaphilisi akhishwa kancane
• Linganisela izinhlobo eziwuketshezi ngokucophelela ngedivayisi yokulinganisa enikeziwe
• Hlala unamanzi amaningi ngenkathi usebenzisa lo muthi
• Gwema utshwala, obungandisa isiyezi nobuthongo

Uma unezinkinga zezinso, udokotela wakho angase alungise umthamo wakho noma akuqaphele eduze. Umuthi ususwa emzimbeni wakho ngezinsu zakho, ngakho noma yiziphi izinkinga zezinso zingathinta ukuthi uhlala isikhathi esingakanani ohlelweni lwakho.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Isikhathi Esingakanani I-Amantadine?

Ubude bokwelashwa nge-amantadine buxhomeke esimweni sakho esithile nokuthi usabela kahle kangakanani kuso. Ngesifo sikaParkinson, ungase udinge ukuyithatha isikhathi eside njengengxenye yokuphathwa okuqhubekayo. Udokotela wakho uzohlola njalo ukuthi isasiza yini izimpawu zakho.

Abanye abantu baqaphela ukuthuthuka ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, kanti abanye bangase badinge amasonto amaningana ukuze bazwe izinzuzo eziphelele. Ungayeki ukuthatha i-amantadine ngokuzumayo, ngoba lokhu kungabangela izimpawu zokuhoxisa noma kwenze izimpawu zakho zokuqala zibe zimbi kakhulu. Udokotela wakho uzokwehlisa kancane umthamo wakho uma udinga ukuyeka.

Ngezifo zokunyakaza ezibangelwa eminye imithi, ungase udinge i-amantadine okwesikhashana nje. Uma umuthi odala inkinga uyekisiwe noma ulungisiwe, udokotela wakho angase anciphise kancane i-amantadine. Ukuqokwa okuvamile kokulandela ngemuva kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola umthamo ofanele ngesikhathi esifanele.

Yiziphi Imiphumela Eceleni Ye-Amantadine?

Abantu abaningi bayamukela kahle i-amantadine, kodwa njengayo yonke imithi, ingabangela imiphumela emibi. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi imiphumela emibi engathi sína ayivamile, futhi imiphumela eminingi emibi emincane iyathuthuka njengoba umzimba wakho ujwayela umuthi.

Imiphumela emibi evamile ongase uyithole ihlanganisa:

• Ukuzwa isicanucanu noma ukuphazamiseka kwesisu
• Isiyezi noma ukukhathala
• Ubunzima bokulala noma amaphupho acacile
• Umlomo owomile
• Ukuqunjelwa
• Ukuvuvukala emaqakaleni noma ezinyaweni
• Izindawo zesikhumba ezibomvu noma ezibomvana (livedo reticularis)

Ukushintsha kombala kwesikhumba, ngenkathi kubukeka kukhathaza, kuvame ukungalimazi futhi kuvame ukushabalala uma uyeka umuthi. Kodwa-ke, kufanele ukusho kudokotela wakho ngesikhathi sokuvakasha kwakho okulandelayo.

Imiphumela emibi engathi sína kodwa engavamile idinga ukunakekelwa kwezempilo ngokushesha:

• Ukudideka okukhulu noma ukucabanga
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula noma ubuhlungu besifuba
• Ukuvuvukala okukhulu kobuso, izindebe, noma umphimbo
• Imicabango yokuzilimaza noma izinguquko ezingavamile zokuziphatha
• Izimpawu zezinkinga zesigqi senhliziyo (ukushaya ngokushesha, kancane, noma okungajwayelekile)

Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu ezingathi sína, xhumana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha noma funa ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo. Abantu abaningi abathatha i-amantadine njengoba kunqunyiwe bathola kuphela imiphumela emibi emincane, elawulekayo engaphazamisi impilo yansuku zonke.

Ubani Ongafanele Athathwe I-Amantadine?

I-Amantadine ayiphephile kuwo wonke umuntu. Udokotela wakho uzobuyekeza umlando wakho wezokwelapha kanye nemithi yamanje ngaphambi kokuyinika. Izimo ezithile nezimo zenza lo muthi ungafaneleki noma udinga ukuqapha okukhethekile.

Akufanele uthathe i-amantadine uma une:

• Ukungezwani okwaziwayo ne-amantadine noma imithi efanayo
• Isifo sezinso esibi noma ukwehluleka kwezinso
• I-glaucoma engalashwa ye-narrow-angle
• Izifo ezinzima zesigqi senhliziyo

Ukuqapha okukhethekile kuyadingeka uma unezimo ezinje:

• Izinkinga eziphakathi nendawo zezinso
• Isifo senhliziyo noma umfutho wegazi ophezulu
• Umlando wokuhlaselwa noma isithuthwane
• Isifo sesibindi
• Umlando wezimo zempilo yengqondo
• Izinkinga ze-prostate noma ubunzima bokuchama

Ukukhulelwa nokuncelisa kudinga ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela. Nakuba i-amantadine ingakafakazelwa ukuthi ilimaza izingane ezisakhula, ayinconyelwe ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ngaphandle uma izinzuzo zicacile ukwedlula izingozi. Umuthi ungangena obisini lwebele, ngakho xoxa ngezindlela ezingezinye nodokotela wakho uma uncelisa.

Amagama Omkhiqizo we-Amantadine

I-Amantadine iyatholakala ngaphansi kwamagama amaningana omkhiqizo, nakuba inguqulo ejwayelekile isebenza kahle. Igama elivamile lomkhiqizo yi-Symmetrel, ebelitholakala iminyaka eminingi. Ungase futhi uyibone ithengiswa njenge-Gocovri, okuyinguqulo yokukhishwa okwandisiwe evunyelwe ngokuqondile isifo sikaParkinson.

Amanye amagama omkhiqizo afaka i-Osmolex ER, enye indlela yokukhishwa okwandisiwe. Lezi zinguqulo ezisebenza isikhathi eside zingase zibe lula njengoba uzithatha kaningi. Nokho, ngokuvamile zibiza kakhulu kune-amantadine ejwayelekile.

Ikhemisi lakho lingase lithathele indawo i-amantadine ejwayelekile ngegama lomkhiqizo ngaphandle uma udokotela wakho ebhalela ngokuqondile ukuthi "igama lomkhiqizo kuphela" emiyalweni yakho. Isithako esisebenzayo siyafana, ngakho uzothola izinzuzo ezifanayo zokwelapha ngentengo ephansi.

Ezinye izindlela ze-Amantadine

Eminye imithi eminingana ingelapha izimo ezifanayo uma i-amantadine ingakulungele. Ngesifo sikaParkinson, ezinye izindlela zifaka i-carbidopa-levodopa (ukwelashwa okuvamile kakhulu komugqa wokuqala), ama-dopamine agonists afana ne-pramipexole noma i-ropinirole, kanye ne-MAO-B inhibitors efana ne-selegiline.

Uma ubhekene nezifo zokunyakaza ezibangelwa imithi, udokotela wakho angazama imithi ye-anticholinergic efana ne-benztropine noma i-trihexyphenidyl. Lezi zisebenza ngendlela ehlukile kune-amantadine kodwa zingasebenza ngokulinganayo ezinhlotsheni ezithile zezinkinga zokunyakaza.

Ngokukhathala kwe-multiple sclerosis, ezinye izindlela zifaka i-modafinil, i-methylphenidate, noma ngisho neminye imithi yokucindezeleka. Udokotela wakho uzocabangela izimpawu zakho ezithile, eminye imithi, nempilo yonke lapho ekhetha enye indlela engcono kakhulu.

Ingabe i-Amantadine ingcono kune-Carbidopa-Levodopa?

I-Amantadine ne-carbidopa-levodopa zifeza izindima ezihlukene ekwelapheni isifo sikaParkinson. I-Carbidopa-levodopa ngokuvamile iyindlela yokuqala yokwelapha ngoba isebenza kahle kakhulu ezimpawini eziyinhloko zesifo sikaParkinson. I-Amantadine ivame ukwengezwa kamuva ukusiza ngezinkinga ezithile njengokunyakaza okungazelelwe (i-dyskinesia).

I-Carbidopa-levodopa ithatha indawo ye-dopamine elahlekile ebuchosheni bakho, okwenza isebenze kahle kakhulu ekuthuthumeleni, ukuqina, nokunyakaza okuhamba kancane. Kodwa-ke, ngemva kweminyaka eminingana yokusetshenziswa, ingabangela ukunyakaza okungazelelwe okuyinkinga. Yilapho i-amantadine ikhanya khona - isiza ukunciphisa lokhu kunyakaza okubangelwa imithi.

Abantu abaningi bagcina bethatha zombili le mithi ndawonye. Zisebenza ngezindlela ezihlukene futhi ziyagcwalisana kahle. Udokotela wakho uzoqoka inhlanganisela engcono kakhulu ngokusekelwe ezimpawini zakho, ukuthi usunesikhathi esingakanani unesifo sikaParkinson, nokuthi usabela kanjani ekwelashweni.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana ne-Amantadine

Ingabe i-Amantadine iphephile kubantu abanesifo sikashukela?

Yebo, i-amantadine ngokuvamile iphephile kubantu abanesifo sikashukela. Umuthi awuthinti ngokuqondile amazinga kashukela egazini noma uphazamisa imithi eminingi yesifo sikashukela. Kodwa-ke, kufanele uqaphele ushukela wakho wegazi njalo, ikakhulukazi lapho uqala i-amantadine, njengoba noma yimuphi umuthi omusha ungase uthinte impilo yakho yonke.

Uma uqaphela izinguquko ezingavamile kumaphethini akho kashukela wegazi ngemva kokuqala i-amantadine, xoxa ngalokhu nodokotela wakho. Bangase bafune ukulungisa imithi yakho yesifo sikashukela noma bakuqaphele eduze emasontweni ambalwa okuqala okwelashwa.

Ngingenzani uma ngiphuzile i-Amantadine eningi ngengozi?

Uma ngabe uthathe i-amantadine eningi ngengozi kunaleyo oyalelwe yona, xhumana nodokotela wakho noma isikhungo sokulawula ubuthi ngokushesha. Ungalindi kuze kuvele izimpawu. Ukweqisa umthamo kungadala izinkinga ezinkulu ezihlanganisa ukudideka okukhulu, ukucabanga ngento engekho, ukungahambi kahle kwesigqi senhliziyo, nobunzima bokuphefumula.

Ngesikhathi ulindele usizo lwezokwelapha, hlala uzolile futhi ungazami ukuzenza uhlanze ngaphandle uma uyalelwe ngqo. Gcina ibhodlela lemithi linawe ukuze abasebenzi bezokwelapha bakwazi ukubona kahle ukuthi uthatheni nokuthi uthathe kangakanani. Uma omunye umuntu ekhona, mcele akuqhubele egumbini eliphuthumayo kunokuba uziqhubele wena.

Kufanele Ngenzeni Uma Ngeqe Umthamo We-Amantadine?

Uma weqa umthamo we-amantadine, yithathe ngokushesha lapho ukhumbula, ngaphandle uma sekuseduze isikhathi somthamo wakho olandelayo. Ungathathi imithamo emibili ngesikhathi esisodwa ukuze ulungise umthamo oweqiwe, ngoba lokhu kwandisa ingozi yakho yemiphumela emibi.

Uma uvame ukukhohlwa imithamo, zama ukusetha i-alamu yefoni noma usebenzise umhleli wamaphilisi. Ukuthatha i-amantadine ngokuqhubekayo kusiza ukugcina amazinga aqinile emzimbeni wakho ukuze uthole ukulawulwa okungcono kakhulu kwezimpawu. Uma weqa imithamo eminingana ilandelana, xhumana nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuqhubeka, ngoba kungase kudingeke ukuthi uqale kabusha ngomthamo ophansi.

Ngingayeka Nini Ukuthatha I-Amantadine?

Ungalokothi uyeke ukuthatha i-amantadine ngokuzumayo ngaphandle kokukhuluma nodokotela wakho kuqala. Ukuyeka kungazelelwe kungadala izimpawu zokuhoxisa futhi kwenze izimpawu zakho zokuqala zibe zimbi kakhulu. Udokotela wakho uzokwenza uhlelo lokunciphisa umthamo wakho kancane kancane emasontweni amaningana noma izinyanga.

Ungase ukwazi ukuyeka i-amantadine uma isimo sakho esingaphansi sithuthuka, uma uba nemiphumela emibi engabekezeleleki, noma uma ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ziba zifaneleka kakhulu. Abanye abantu abanesifo sikaParkinson badinga ukuyithatha isikhathi eside, kanti abanye bangase bayisebenzise okwesikhashana ngesikhathi esithile sokwelashwa kwabo.

Ngingashayela Ngesikhathi Ngithatha I-Amantadine?

Kufanele uqaphele ngokuqhuba imoto lapho uqala ukuthatha i-amantadine. Umuthi ungabangela isiyezi, ukozela, noma umbono ongacacile, ikakhulukazi emasontweni ambalwa okuqala. Linda uze wazi ukuthi i-amantadine ikuthinta kanjani ngaphambi kokuqhuba imoto noma ukusebenzisa imishini.

Abantu abaningi bangakwazi ukuqhuba ngokuphepha uma sebeqhelelene nomuthi, kodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi sebenzisa ukwahlulela kwakho okungcono kakhulu. Uma uzizwa unesiyezi, udidekile, noma ukhathele ngokungavamile, ungaqhuba. Khuluma nodokotela wakho uma lezi zimpawu ziqhubeka, njengoba kungase kudingeke ukuthi balungise umthamo wakho noma isikhathi somuthi.