Yini i-Amphetamine: Ukusetshenziswa, Umthamo, Imiphumela Eceleni nokuningi

I-Amphetamine iyimithi kadokotela esiza abantu abanenkinga yokungahleli kahle kwengqondo (ADHD) kanye ne-narcolepsy ukulawula izimpawu zabo ngempumelelo. Le mithi ekhuthazayo isebenza ngokwandisa amakhemikhali athile ebuchosheni asiza ukuthuthukisa ukugxila, ukunaka, nokuqwashisa. Ngenkathi kungase kuzwakale kusabisa, i-amphetamine isetshenziswe ngokuphepha amashumi eminyaka lapho inikezwe futhi iqashwe abahlinzeki bezempilo.

Yini i-Amphetamine?

I-Amphetamine iyisikhuthazi sesimiso sezinzwa esiphakathi esingaphansi kwezigaba zemithi ebizwa ngokuthi ama-sympathomimetic amines. Iza ngezinhlobo ezahlukene, okuhlanganisa amaphilisi akhishwa ngokushesha kanye namaphilisi akhishwa isikhathi eside namaphilisi. Umuthi usebenza ngokuthinta amazinga e-dopamine kanye ne-norepinephrine ebuchosheni bakho, okuyizithunywa zemizwa ezisiza ukulawula ukunaka nokuziphatha.

Ungase uyibone i-amphetamine ngamagama ayo omkhiqizo afana ne-Adderall, Evekeo, noma i-Dyanavel XR. Umuthi uhlukaniswa njengento elawulwayo ngoba unethuba lokusetshenziswa kabi, yingakho idinga incwadi kadokotela nokuqashwa ngokucophelela ngudokotela wakho.

Isetshenziselwani i-Amphetamine?

I-Amphetamine ngokuyinhloko inikezwa ukwelapha i-ADHD kubantwana nakubantu abadala. Isiza ukunciphisa ukungasebenzi kahle, ukuthuthukisa ukunaka, nokwandisa ukugxila kubantu obuchopho babo bungakhiqizi ngokwemvelo ama-neurotransmitters athile. Abantu abaningi bakuthola kuthuthukisa kakhulu ikhono labo lokugxila emsebenzini, esikoleni, noma ngesikhathi semisebenzi yansuku zonke.

Umuthi usetshenziselwa futhi ukwelapha i-narcolepsy, isifo sokulala esibangela ukozela ngokweqile emini kanye nokuhlaselwa ngokushesha kokulala. Kubantu abane-narcolepsy, i-amphetamine ibasiza ukuthi bahlale bephapheme futhi beqaphile ngamahora okuvuka avamile.

Ezimweni ezingavamile, odokotela bangase banikeze i-amphetamine yokwelapha ukucindezeleka okungamelani nokwelashwa, kodwa lokhu kuvame ukucatshangelwa kuphela lapho ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zingasebenzi futhi ngaphansi kokugadwa kwezokwelapha okucophelelayo.

Isebenza Kanjani I-Amphetamine?

I-Amphetamine yandisa ukutholakala kwe-dopamine kanye ne-norepinephrine ebuchosheni bakho ngokuvimba ukuthathwa kwabo kabusha nokukhuthaza ukukhululwa kwabo. Cabanga ngakho njengokuthi uvula ivolumu kula makhemikhali obalulekile obuchopho akusiza ukuthi ugxile futhi uhlale uqaphile. Lokhu kuthathwa njengomuthi olinganiselwe oqinile okhiqiza imiphumela ebonakalayo kungakapheli imizuzu engama-30-60 ngemva kokuwuthatha.

Umuthi awukuphulukisi i-ADHD noma i-narcolepsy, kodwa usiza ukuphatha izimpawu ngenkathi isebenza ohlelweni lwakho. Kubantu abane-ADHD, lokhu kusho ikhono elingcono lokugxilisa ingqondo, ukunciphisa ukuziphatha ngokuphamazela, kanye nokuthuthukisa ukuqeda imisebenzi. Imiphumela ivamise ukuhlala amahora angu-4-6 ezinhlotsheni ezikhishwe ngokushesha kanye nama-8-12 amahora ezinhlotsheni ezikhishwe isikhathi eside.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Kanjani I-Amphetamine?

Thatha i-amphetamine ngendlela eqondile njengoba unikezwe ngayo udokotela wakho, ngokuvamile kanye noma kabili ngosuku. Ungayithatha nokudla noma ngaphandle kokudla, kodwa ukuyithatha nokudla kungasiza ukunciphisa isisu esibuhlungu. Uma uthatha uhlobo olukhishwe ngokushesha, udokotela wakho angase alubhale izikhathi ezi-2-3 ngosuku, ngomthamo wokuqala ekuseni kanye nemithamo eyengeziwe ehlukaniswe ngamahora angu-4-6.

Gwinya amaphilisi akhishwe isikhathi eside wonke ngaphandle kokuwachoboza, ukuwahlafuna, noma ukuwavula, njengoba lokhu kungakhipha umuthi omningi ngesikhathi esisodwa. Uma unenkinga yokugwinya amaphilisi, ezinye izinhlobo ezikhishwe isikhathi eside zingavulwa futhi zifafazwe ku-applesauce, kodwa hlola nodokotela wakho wemithi kuqala.

Zama ukuthatha umuthi wakho ngesikhathi esifanayo nsuku zonke ukuze ugcine amazinga aqhubekayo ohlelweni lwakho. Gwema ukuwuthatha sekwephuzile ngosuku njengoba kungaphazamisa ukulala. Uma uthambekele ekuzweleni isisu, ukuba nesnakhi esilula ngaphambi kokuthatha umuthi kungasiza ukunciphisa noma yikuphi ukuphatheka kabi kokugaya ukudla.

Ngizothatha isikhathi esingakanani i-Amphetamine?

Ubude bokwelashwa nge-amphetamine buhlukahluka kakhulu kuye ngezidingo zakho nesimo sakho. Nge-ADHD, abantu abaningi bayazuza ekwelashweni kwesikhathi eside, ngezinye izikhathi iminyaka eminingi noma impilo yabo yonke. Udokotela wakho uzohlola njalo ukuthi umuthi usadingeka yini futhi uyasebenza yini kuwe.

Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ngokuvamile uzohlela ukuhlolwa okuvamile njalo emavikini angu-3-6 ukuqapha intuthuko yakho, ukulungisa imithamo uma kudingeka, futhi aqaphele noma yimaphi imiphumela emibi. Abanye abantu bangase bathathe amakhefu ahleliwe emuthini, ikakhulu izingane, ukuze babone ukuthi baphatheka kanjani ngaphandle kwawo futhi bavumele ukukhula okuvamile.

Nge-narcolepsy, ukwelashwa kuvame ukuba isikhathi eside njengoba kuyisimo esingamahlalakhona. Kodwa-ke, udokotela wakho angase alungise umthamo wakho noma azame imithi ehlukene ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukuze athole ukuthi yini esebenza kahle kakhulu ezimpawini zakho ezithile.

Yini Imiphumela Eceleni ye-Amphetamine?

Abantu abaningi bathola eminye imiphumela emibi lapho beqala i-amphetamine, kodwa eminingi yalezi iyathuthuka njengoba umzimba wakho ujwayela umuthi. Ukuqonda okufanele ukukulindela kungakusiza ukuthi uzizwe ulungiseleleke kakhulu futhi wazi ukuthi ungaxhumana nini nodokotela wakho.

Imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile abantu abaningi abayitholayo ihlanganisa:

• Ukuncipha kwesifiso sokudla nokuncipha kwesisindo
• Ubunzima bokulala noma ukuqwasha
• Umlomo owomile
• Ikhanda
• Ukukhathazeka noma ukukhathazeka
• Isiyezi
• Ukuphazamiseka kwesisu noma isicanucanu
• Ukwanda kwesilinganiso senhliziyo

Le miphumela emibi ivame ukuba milde futhi ivame ukungabonakali ngemva kwamasonto ambalwa okuqala ukwelashwa. Ukuhlala unamanzi, ukudla ukudla okuvamile ngisho noma isifiso sokudla sinciphile, nokugcina inhlanzeko yokulala enhle kungasiza ekuphatheni le miphumela.

Imiphumela emibi engavamile kodwa ebucayi idinga ukunakekelwa kwezempilo ngokushesha:

• Ubuhlungu besifuba noma ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile
• Ushintsho olukhulu lwemizwa noma ukuziphatha okunolaka
• Izimpawu zezinkinga zokujikeleza kwegazi (iminwe noma izinzwane eziphenduka luhlaza/bomvu)
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu elinamandla
• Ukubona okungacacile
• Ukuthuthumela kwemisipha noma ama-tics
• Izimpawu zezinkinga zesibindi (isikhumba/amehlo aphuzi, ubuhlungu obukhulu besisu)

Nakuba kungavamile, abanye abantu bangase babe nokusabela komzimba okuhlanganisa ukuqubuka, ukuluma, ukuvuvukala, noma ubunzima bokuphefumula. Uma uqaphela noma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu, funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Ubani Ongafanele Athathe I-Amphetamine?

I-Amphetamine ayiphephile kuwo wonke umuntu, futhi izimo ezithile zezempilo zingenza kube yingozi. Udokotela wakho uzobuyekeza ngokucophelela umlando wakho wezokwelapha ngaphambi kokukuyalela lo muthi. Abantu abanezinkinga zenhliziyo, okuhlanganisa isifo senhliziyo, umfutho wegazi ophezulu, noma ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile, bangase badinge ukugwema i-amphetamine noma badinge ukuqashwa okukhethekile.

Akufanele uthathe i-amphetamine uma une:

• Isifo senhliziyo esibi noma izinkinga zesakhiwo senhliziyo
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu ongagadiwe
• I-Hyperthyroidism (ithoyidi elisebenza ngokweqile)
• I-Glaucoma
• Umlando wokusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa noma ukulutheka
• Ukukhathazeka okukhulu noma ukucasuka
• I-Tourette's syndrome noma ama-motor tics

Umuthi ungenza futhi ukusebenzisana ngendlela eyingozi neminye imithi ethile, ikakhulukazi ama-MAO inhibitors (uhlobo lwe-antidepressant). Qiniseka ukuthi utshela udokotela wakho ngayo yonke imithi, izithasiselo, nemikhiqizo yamakhambi oyithathayo.

Ukukhulelwa nokuncelisa ngamabele kudinga ukucatshangelwa okukhethekile, njengoba i-amphetamine ingase ithinte ukukhula kombungu futhi idlulele obisini. Udokotela wakho uzohlola izinzuzo nezingozi ngokucophelela uma ukhulelwe noma uhlela ukukhulelwa.

Amagama Omkhiqizo we-Amphetamine

I-Amphetamine itholakala ngaphansi kwamagama amaningi emikhiqizo, ngalinye linokwakheka okuhlukile kanye nezindlela zokukhishwa. Elaziwa kakhulu yi-Adderall, ehlanganisa i-amphetamine ne-dextroamphetamine ngesimo sokukhishwa ngokushesha kanye nokukhishwa okweluliwe (Adderall XR).

Amanye amagama emikhiqizo afaka i-Evekeo, okuyi-amphetamine sulfate ekhishwa ngokushesha, kanye ne-Dyanavel XR, okuyisuspendi eketshezi elikhishwe ngokweluliwe eliwusizo ikakhulukazi ezinganeni noma kubantu abadala abanobunzima bokugwinya amaphilisi. I-Adzenys XR-ODT yithebhulethi encibilikayo ngomlomo encibilika olimini lwakho.

Ngenkathi le mithi iqukethe isithako esifanayo esisebenzayo, ingase ibe namaphethini ahlukene okukhishwa, amandla, noma izithako ezingasebenzi. Udokotela wakho uzokhetha ukwakheka okungcono kakhulu okuhambisana nezidingo zakho nendlela yakho yokuphila.

Ezinye izindlela ze-Amphetamine

Uma i-amphetamine ingakulungele, imithi eminingi ehlukile ingelapha i-ADHD ne-narcolepsy. Nge-ADHD, imithi esekelwe ku-methylphenidate efana ne-Ritalin, Concerta, noma i-Focalin isebenza ngendlela efanayo kodwa ingase ibe namaphrofayili ahlukene emiphumeleni emibi. Abanye abantu bayakwazi ukubekezelela uhlobo olulodwa lwe-stimulant kangcono kunolunye.

Izinketho ezingezona ezokuvuselela ze-ADHD zifaka i-atomoxetine (Strattera), ethinta i-norepinephrine ngendlela ehlukile, kanye nemithi emisha efana ne-viloxazine (Qelbree). Lokhu kungase kukhethwe uma unokukhathazeka mayelana nemiphumela emibi ye-stimulant noma unomlando wokusebenzisa izidakamizwa.

Nge-narcolepsy, ezinye izindlela zifaka i-modafinil (Provigil), i-armodafinil (Nuvigil), noma i-sodium oxybate (Xyrem). Udokotela wakho uzocabangela izimpawu zakho ezithile, umlando wezokwelapha, nendlela yokuphila lapho encoma ezinye izindlela.

Ingabe i-Amphetamine ingcono kune-Methylphenidate?

Noma i-amphetamine noma i-methylphenidate ayikho ngaphezu komunye ngendlela ejwayelekile. Zombili ziyindlela yokwelapha yokuqala ye-ADHD, futhi ukukhetha kuvame ukuncika ekuphenduleni komuntu ngamunye kanye nokubekezelelana nemiphumela emibi. Abanye abantu basabela kangcono emithini esekelwe ku-amphetamine, kanti abanye benza kangcono nge-methylphenidate.

I-Amphetamine ivame ukuhlala isikhathi eside kancane futhi ingase isebenze kangcono kwabanye abantu, kanti i-methylphenidate ingase ibangele izinkinga ezimbalwa zokudla nokulala kwabanye. Okuwukuphela kwendlela yokwazi ukuthi yikuphi okusebenzela kangcono ukuzama okukodwa ngaphansi kokuqondiswa kwezokwelapha futhi ubone ukuthi usabela kanjani.

Udkt wakho angase aqale ngomuthi owodwa bese eshintshela komunye uma ungatholi imiphumela oyifunayo noma uhlangabezana nemiphumela emibi ekhathazayo. Le ndlela yokulinga nephutha ijwayelekile futhi isiza ukuthola ukwelashwa okuphumelela kakhulu ezidingweni zakho ezithile.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana ne-Amphetamine

Q1. Ingabe i-amphetamine iphephile kubantu abanokukhathazeka?

I-Amphetamine ingase yenze izimpawu zokukhathazeka zibe zimbi kakhulu njengoba iyisikhuthazi esandisa ukuqapha futhi singabangela ukwethuka. Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu abane-ADHD nokukhathazeka bathola ukuthi ukwelapha i-ADHD yabo empeleni kusiza ukunciphisa amazinga abo okukhathazeka. Udkt wakho uzoqapha ngokucophelela izimpawu zakho zokukhathazeka futhi angase ancome ukuqala ngomthamo ophansi noma ukuzama enye indlela engeyona isikhuthazi kuqala. Uma uthatha i-amphetamine ngokukhathazeka, udkt wakho angase futhi anikeze imithi yokulwa nokukhathazeka noma ancome ukwelashwa ukusiza ukuphatha zombili izimo.

Q2. Kufanele ngenzeni uma ngiphuzile i-amphetamine eningi ngengozi?

Uma uthathe umthamo omkhulu kunalowo obekiwe, xhumana nodokotela wakho noma isikhungo sokulawula ubuthi ngokushesha, ngisho noma uzizwa kahle. Izimpawu zokweqisa umthamo zingabandakanya ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, umfutho wegazi ophezulu, umkhuhlane, ukudideka, ukuziphatha ngobudlova, noma ukuthuthumela. Ungazami ukuthi "ukulalele" noma ulinde ukubona ukuthi kwenzani. Shayela ku-911 uma uhlangabezana nobuhlungu besifuba, ubunzima bokuphefumula, ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu, noma ukulahlekelwa ukwazi. Ukuba nebhodlela lomuthi nawe lapho ufuna usizo kuzonikeza imininingwane ebalulekile mayelana nokuthi uthatheni ini nokuthi uthathe malini.

Q3. Kufanele ngenzeni uma ngiphuthelwa umthamo we-amphetamine?

Thatha umthamo owuphuthelwe ngokushesha lapho ukhumbula, kodwa kuphela uma kusekuseni noma emini. Uma sekuhlwile (ngokuvamile ngemuva kuka-2 PM), weqa umthamo owuphuthelwe ukuze ugweme izinkinga zokulala. Ungalokothi uphinde imithamo ukuze ulungise eyodwa ephuthelwe, ngoba lokhu kungandisa ingozi yakho yemiphumela emibi. Uma uthatha i-amphetamine ekhishwe isikhathi eside, isikhathi sibaluleke kakhulu ngoba le mithi ihlala isikhathi eside ohlelweni lwakho.

Q4. Ngingayeka nini ukuthatha i-amphetamine?

Ungalokothi uyeke ukuthatha i-amphetamine kungazelelwe ngaphandle kokukhuluma nodokotela wakho kuqala. Ngenkathi ngokuvamile ingahlobene nezimpawu zokuhoxiswa eziyingozi njengeminye imithi, ukuyeka kungazelelwe kungabangela ukukhathala, ukucindezeleka, nokubuyela kwezimpawu zakho zokuqala. Udokotela wakho uzokusiza ukuthi unciphise umthamo wakho kancane kancane uma ukuyeka kufanelekile. Abanye abantu badinga ukuthatha i-amphetamine isikhathi eside, kanti abanye bangase bakwazi ukuyeka ngemuva kokuthuthukisa amasu angcono okubhekana nezimo noma lapho izimo zabo zempilo zishintsha.

Q5. Ngingakwazi yini ukuphuza utshwala ngenkathi ngithatha i-amphetamine?

Kungcono ukugwema utshwala ngenkathi uthatha i-amphetamine, ngoba le nhlanganisela ingaba engalindelekile futhi ingaba yingozi. Utshwala bungafihla imiphumela ye-amphetamine, okwenza ungazi kangako ukuthi ungaphuze kangakanani, okwandisa ingozi yokudakwa utshwala. Le nhlanganisela ingase futhi ibeke ingcindezi eyengeziwe enhliziyweni yakho futhi ingase iqhubekisele phambili imiphumela emibi efana nesiyezi noma izinguquko zemizwa. Uma ukhetha ukuphuza ngezikhathi ezithile, yenza kanjalo ngokulinganisela kakhulu futhi ungalusebenzisi utshwala ukukusiza ukuthi ulale lapho i-amphetamine ikugcina uvukile.