Yini i-General Anesthesia? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, & Ukwelashwa Kwasekhaya

I-General anesthesia iyinqubo yezokwelapha ekufaka ebuthongweni obujulile, obulawulwayo ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa noma izinqubo zezokwelapha. Kuyisimo esilawulwa ngokucophelela lapho ungenalwazi ngokuphelele futhi ngeke uzwe ubuhlungu, ukhumbule inqubo, noma unyakaze ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa.

Cabanga ngakho njengokuphumula kwesikhashana, okubuyisekayo ngokuqwashisa kwakho ngenkathi odokotela besebenza. Udokotela wakho we-anesthesiologist usebenzisa imithi ekhethekile ethunyelwa ngezindlela ezahlukene ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uzizwa ukhululekile futhi uphephile kuyo yonke inqubo yakho.

Yini i-General Anesthesia?

I-General anesthesia iyinhlanganisela yemithi ekwenza ungalali ngokuphelele ngesikhathi sezinqubo zezokwelapha. Ngokungafani ne-anesthesia yendawo eqeda ukuzwa endaweni eyodwa kuphela, i-general anesthesia ithinta wonke umzimba wakho nobuchopho.

Ngesikhathi se-general anesthesia, uzoba sesimweni esijule kunokulala. Umsebenzi wakho wobuchopho uyancipha kakhulu, futhi ngeke usabele ebuhlungwini, imisindo, noma ukuthinta. I-anesthesiologist iqapha izimpawu zakho ezibalulekile futhi ilungise imithi kuyo yonke inqubo ukuze ikugcine uphephile.

Le nqubo iyabuyiseka ngokuphelele. Lapho inqubo iphela, imithi iyaphela kancane kancane, futhi uvuka endaweni yokululama ngaphansi kokuqashwa kwezokwelapha.

Izwakala Kanjani I-General Anesthesia?

Abantu abaningi bachaza okuhlangenwe nakho ngokuthi "ukulala" bese bevuka bengenayo inkumbulo yesikhathi esiphakathi. Ngokuvamile ngeke ukhumbule umzuzu olala ngawo noma inqubo uqobo.

Ngaphambi kokuthi i-anesthesia iqale, ungase uzizwe ukozela noma ukhululekile emithini yangaphambi kokuhlinzwa. Ukuqala kwangempela kuvame ukwenzeka ngemizuzwana kuya emizuzwini, kuye ngendlela yokulethwa. Uzodlula ngokuthula, okufana nokuwela ebuthongweni obujule kakhulu.

Uma uvuka, ungase uzizwe ubuthuntu, udidekile, noma unesiyezi kancane. Le miphumela ivamile ngokuphelele futhi iyaphela njengoba imithi isuswa emzimbeni wakho. Abanye abantu bazizwa bebanda noma bamele umlomo owomile ekuqaleni.

Yini Ebanga Isidingo Se-General Anesthesia?

I-General anesthesia iba yimpoqo uma udinga ukuhlinzwa noma izinqubo ezingaba buhlungu kakhulu, zide, noma ziyinkimbinkimbi ukuzenza ngenkathi uvukile. Iqinisekisa ukuthi uhlala unganyakazi futhi ukhululekile ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa.

Izinto eziningana zinquma ukuthi i-general anesthesia iyona engcono kakhulu yokunakekelwa kwakho:

• Ukuhlinzwa okukhulu okubandakanya isifuba, isisu, noma ubuchopho
• Izinqubo ezinde ezithatha amahora amaningana
• Ukuhlinzwa okudinga ukubekwa okunembile noma ukuphumula kwemisipha
• Izinqubo lapho i-anesthesia yendawo ingeke inikeze ukulawulwa kobuhlungu obanele
• Ukuhlinzwa okuphuthumayo lapho isikhathi sibalulekile
• Ukukhathazeka kwesiguli noma izimo zezokwelapha ezenza kube nzima ukuhlala uvukile

Ithimba lakho lokuhlinza licabangela impilo yakho yonke, ubunzima benqubo, nokunethezeka kwakho lapho linquma ngohlobo lwe-anesthesia. Ngezinye izikhathi i-general anesthesia imane nje iyindlela ephephe kakhulu futhi enomusa.

Ziyini Izindlela Ezingahlukene Zokuphatha I-General Anesthesia?

I-General anesthesia ingalethwa ngezindlela eziningana ezihlukene emzimbeni wakho. Indlela ngayinye inezinzuzo ezithile ngokuya ngenqubo yakho nezidingo zezokwelapha.

Udokotela wakho we-anesthesiologist uzokhetha indlela efanele kakhulu ngokusekelwe ezintweni ezinjengobude bokuhlinzwa kwakho, isimo sakho sempilo, nohlobo lwenqubo onayo.

Indlela Yokuphefumula

I-Inhalation anesthesia ihlanganisa ukuphefumula amagesi e-anesthetic ngemaski noma ngeshubhu lokuphefumula. Le ndlela ivumela ukulawulwa okunembile kokujula kwe-anesthesia kuyo yonke inqubo yakho.

Izinto ezivamile zokuphefumula zihlanganisa i-sevoflurane, i-desflurane, ne-isoflurane. La magesi axutshwa nomoya-mpilo futhi alethwa ngemishini ekhethekile eqapha ngqo ukuthi mangaki owamukelayo.

Inzuzo ye-anesthesia yokuphefumula ukuthi ingalungiswa ngomzuzu ngomzuzu ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa. Uma udinga i-anesthesia ejulile noma elula, udokotela wakho we-anesthesiologist angashintsha ukugxila kwegesi ngokushesha.

Indlela ye-Parenteral (Intravenous)

I-anesthesia ye-Parenteral isho ukuthi imithi inikezwa ngqo egazini lakho ngomugqa we-IV. Le ndlela isebenza ngokushesha ngoba imithi ayidingi ukumuncwa ngohlelo lwakho lokugaya ukudla.

Izinto ezivamile ze-IV anesthetics zihlanganisa i-propofol, i-etomidate, ne-ketamine. Le mithi ngokuvamile ikwenza ulahlekelwe ukwazi phakathi kwemizuzwana engama-30 kuya kwengama-60 ngemuva kokujova.

I-anesthesia ye-IV ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuqala inqubo ye-anesthetic ngaphambi kokushintshela ezindleleni zokuphefumula. Futhi iyindlela eyinhloko yezinqubo ezimfushane noma lapho ukubekwa kweshubhu lokuphefumula kungadingekile.

Indlela ye-Rectal

I-anesthesia ye-Rectal ihlanganisa ukufaka imithi emathunjini, lapho imuncwa khona egazini. Le ndlela ayisetshenziswa kakhulu kodwa ingasiza ezimweni ezithile.

Le ndlela ngezinye izikhathi ikhethwa ezinganeni ezincane ezikhathazekile ngamajubane noma izifihla-mlomo. Isetshenziswa futhi lapho ukufinyelela kwe-IV kunzima noma lapho isiguli sinezimo ezithile zezokwelapha ezithinta ezinye izindlela.

I-anesthesia ye-Rectal ngokuvamile ithatha isikhathi eside ukusebenza kunezindlela ze-IV, imvamisa imizuzu eyi-10 kuya kwengama-30. Ukuqala kulula futhi kancane kancane kunokuphathwa kwe-intravenous.

Iyini i-General Anesthesia Isibonakaliso noma Isimpawu Sani?

I-General anesthesia akuyona isimpawu sanoma yisiphi isimo. Kunalokho, kuyindlela yokwelapha yezokwelapha eba yimpoqo lapho udinga ukuhlinzwa noma izinqubo ezidinga ukuthi ungazi.

Isidingo se-anesthesia ejwayelekile ngokuvamile sibonisa ukuthi unomsebenzi wezokwelapha owela ezigabeni ezithile. Udokotela wakho uyayinciphisa ngokusekelwe ekutheni kunzima kangakanani nokuthi kungakanani okudingeka kwenziwe.

Ngezinye izikhathi imfuneko ye-anesthesia ejwayelekile ibonisa ukubaluleka kwesimo sakho sezokwelapha esingaphansi. Izinkinga zezempilo eziyinkimbinkimbi zivame ukudinga ukungenelela okukhulu kokuhlinzwa okudinga i-anesthesia ejulile.

Ungakwazi yini Ukululama ku-Anesthesia Ejwayelekile Ngokwakho?

Umzimba wakho ngokwemvelo usebenza futhi uqede imithi ye-anesthetic ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kodwa uzodinga ukugadwa kwezokwelapha ngesikhathi sokululama. I-anesthesia izophela yodwa, kodwa abahlinzeki bezempilo bakuqapha ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi konke kuhamba kahle.

Imithi eminingi ye-anesthetic yenzelwe ukuthi iqedwe ohlelweni lwakho emahoreni ambalwa. Isibindi sakho nezinso zisebenzisana ukuze zihlukanise futhi zisuse le mithi emzimbeni wakho.

Ukwelulama kwenzeka ngezigaba, kuqala ngokubuyisa ukuqwashisa futhi kancane kancane kubuyele ekuqwashiseni okuvamile. Le nqubo ingathatha noma yikuphi kusukela kumaminithi angu-30 kuya emahoreni ambalwa, kuye ngohlobo nenani le-anesthesia elisetshenzisiwe.

Ungalungiselela Kanjani I-Anesthesia Ejwayelekile Ekhaya?

Ukulungiselela okufanele ekhaya kungasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi ulwazi lwakho lwe-anesthesia luhamba kahle ngangokunokwenzeka. Ukulandela imiyalelo yeqembu lakho lezokwelapha ngokucophelela kubalulekile ekuphepheni kwakho.

Ukulungiselela kwakho ngokuvamile kuqala ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambi kwenqubo yakho futhi kuhilela izinyathelo ezithile zokuthuthukisa impilo yakho:

• Misa ukudla nokuphuza ngezikhathi ezibekiwe ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa
• Thatha noma uyeke imithi njengoba nje uqondiswe ngudokotela wakho
• Lungiselela othile ukuthi akuqhubhele ekhaya ngemva kwenqubo
• Susa i-nail polish, ubucwebe, kanye nama-contact lenses
• Geza ngensipho elwa namagciwane uma kunconyiwe
• Thola ukuphumula okwanele ebusuku ngaphambi kwenqubo yakho
• Landela noma yiziphi iziyalezo ezikhethekile zezimo zezokwelapha ezingapheli

Lokhu kulungiselela kusiza ukunciphisa izingozi futhi kuqinisekise ukuthi i-anesthesia isebenza ngempumelelo. Udokotela wakho we-anesthesiologist udinga umzimba wakho usesimweni esingcono kakhulu ukuze anikeze ukunakekelwa okuphephile.

Yini Inqubo Yezokwelapha ye-General Anesthesia?

I-General anesthesia ilandela inqubo eqaphelisisiwe, yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo elawulwa yi-anesthesiologist yakho. Ukwelashwa kuhilela izigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko: ukungeniswa, ukugcinwa, nokuvela.

Ngesikhathi sokungeniswa, uzothola imithi yokukwenza ungaqapheli. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ekamelweni lokuhlinzela, lapho i-anesthesiologist yakho izobeka khona ama-monitor futhi iqale imithi ye-anesthetic.

Isigaba sokugcinwa sikugcina ungaqapheli ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa kwakho. I-anesthesiologist yakho iqhubeka nokubheka izimpawu zakho ezibalulekile futhi ilungise imithi ukuze kugcinwe izinga elifanele le-anesthesia ngenqubo yakho.

Ukuvela yinqubo yokuvuka eqala lapho ukuhlinzwa kwakho kuphela. I-anesthesiologist yakho imisa imithi ye-anesthetic futhi ikusiza ukuthi uvuke kancane kancane ngendlela elawulwayo.

Kufanele Uthintane Nini Nodokotela Wakho Mayelana ne-General Anesthesia?

Kufanele uthinte ithimba lakho lezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezithile ngemva kwe-general anesthesia. Ngenkathi imiphumela eminingi emibi imnene futhi yesikhashana, ezinye izimo zidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okusheshayo.

Shayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma uthuthukisa noma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu ezikhathazayo ngemva kwe-anesthesia:

• Ukugula okukhulu noma ukuhlanza okukuvimbela ukuthi ungagcini uketshezi phansi
• Ukuphefumula kanzima noma ukuphelelwa umoya
• Ubuhlungu besifuba noma ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile
• Isiyezi esikhulu noma ukuquleka
• Izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba nezinto ezithile njengokuqubuka, ukuvuvukala, noma ubunzima bokuphefumula
• Ukuphazamiseka okuqhubekayo noma izinkinga zenkumbulo eziqhubeka ngaphezu kwamahora angama-24
• Umkhuhlane ongaphezu kuka-101°F (38.3°C)

Lezi zimpawu zingase zibonise izinkinga ezidinga ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Abantu abaningi bayalulama ekuhlinzweni ngaphandle kwezinkinga, kodwa kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi nini okufanele ufune usizo.

Ziyini Izici Zengozi Yezinkinga Zokuhlinzwa Okujwayelekile?

Ezinye izici zingakhuphula ingozi yakho yezinkinga ezivela ekuhlinzweni okujwayelekile. Ukuqonda lezi zingozi kusiza ithimba lakho lezokwelapha ukuthi linikeze ukunakekelwa okuphephile ngangokunokwenzeka.

Udokotela wakho we-anesthesiologist uzobuyekeza umlando wakho wezokwelapha kanye nesimo sakho sempilo yamanje ukuze ahlonze noma yiziphi izici ezingase zithinte ulwazi lwakho lokuhlinzwa:

• Ubudala obuthuthukile (ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-65)
• Isifo senhliziyo noma ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile
• Izimo zamaphaphu njenge-asthma noma i-COPD
• Isifo sezinso noma sesibindi
• Isifo sikashukela noma izinkinga zokulawula ushukela egazini
• Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile noma i-sleep apnea
• Ukuphendula okubi ngaphambilini ekuhlinzweni
• Ukubhema noma ukusetshenziswa kotshwala obuningi
• Imithi ethile noma izithasiselo

Ukuba nezici eziyingozi akusho ukuthi awukwazi ukuhlinzwa ngokujwayelekile ngokuphepha. Kumane nje kusho ukuthi ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizothatha izinyathelo zokuphepha ezengeziwe futhi likuqaphe eduze ngesikhathi nangemva kwenqubo yakho.

Ziyini Izinkinga Ezingenzeka Zokuhlinzwa Okujwayelekile?

Ngenkathi ukuhlinzwa okujwayelekile kuvamile ukuthi kuphephe kakhulu, njenganoma iyiphi inqubo yezokwelapha, kungaba nezinkinga ezingaba khona. Imiphumela eminingi emibi imnene futhi yesikhashana, kodwa ukuqonda amathuba kukusiza ukuthi wenze izinqumo ezinolwazi.

Izinkinga ezivamile, ezingathí sina ezingaxazululwa zodwa zihlanganisa:

• Ukugula nokuhlanza
• Ukhwehlela ngenxa yombhobho wokuphefumula
• Ukozela nokudideka
• Ukuthuthumela noma ukuzizwa kubanda
• Izinkinga ezincane zenkumbulo amahora ambalwa
• Umlomo owomile noma izwi eliphansi

Le miphumela ivamise ukuthuthuka emahoreni ambalwa kuya ezinsukwini ngemuva kwenqubo yakho. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha linganikeza ukwelashwa ukusiza ukuphatha noma yikuphi ukungakhululeki.

Izinkinga ezingathi sína zivamile kodwa zingabandakanya izinkinga zokuphefumula, izinguquko zesigqi senhliziyo, noma ukusabela komzimba ngaphandle. Udokotela wakho we-anesthesiologist uqeqeshwe ukuvimbela nokuphatha lezi zimo uma zenzeka.

Ingabe i-General Anesthesia ilungile noma imbi ezimweni ezahlukene zezokwelapha?

I-General anesthesia ithinta abantu ngendlela ehlukile kuye ngezimo zabo zempilo ezingaphansi. Kubantu abaningi, kuyingxenye ephephile futhi edingekayo yokunakekelwa kokuhlinzwa, kodwa izimo ezithile zidinga ukucatshangelwa okukhethekile.

Uma unesifo senhliziyo, udokotela wakho we-anesthesiologist uzoqapha ngokucophelela isigqi senhliziyo yakho nomfutho wegazi ngesikhathi senqubo. Izindlela zanamuhla ze-anesthetic ngokuvamile ziphephile kubantu abanezimo zenhliziyo ezinzile.

Abantu abanezinkinga zamaphaphu njenge-asthma noma i-COPD badinga ukunakwa okukhethekile ekuphefumuleni kwabo ngesikhathi se-anesthesia. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizolungisa izilungiselelo ze-ventilator nemithi ukusekela ukusebenza kwamaphaphu akho.

Uma unesifo sikashukela, amazinga kashukela egazini lakho azogadwa ngokucophelela ngesikhathi se-anesthesia. Ukucindezeleka kokuhlinzwa nemithi ethile kungathinta ushukela wegazi, ngakho ukuphathwa ngokucophelela kubalulekile.

Yini i-General Anesthesia engase iphuthelwe yona?

I-General anesthesia ngokwayo ayivami ukudidaniswa nezinye izimo, kodwa eminye yemiphumela yayo ingadidaniswa nezinye izinkinga zezokwelapha. Ukuqonda lezi zinto ezifanayo kukusiza ukuthi wazi ukuthi yini ongayilindela.

Ukudideka noma ukuzizwa ubuthuntu ngemva kokuhlinzwa kungase kuthathwe njengokushaywa unhlangothi noma enye inkinga yezinzwa, ikakhulukazi kubantu abadala. Lokhu kudideka kwesikhashana kuvamile futhi kuvame ukulungiseka emahoreni ambalwa.

Ukucasuka nokuhlanza ngemva kokuhlinzwa kungase kuthathwe njengokudliwa kokudla okunobuthi noma umkhuhlane wesisu. Kodwa-ke, ukucasuka ngemva kokuhlinzwa kuvame ukuthuthuka ngokushesha kunezinye izimo.

Abanye abantu baba nezinguquko zemizwa noma ukuzwela ngokomzwelo ngemva kokuhlinzwa, okungase kudidaniswe nokucindezeleka noma izifo zokukhathazeka. Le mizwa ivame ukuba yesikhashana futhi ihlobene nokucindezeleka kokuhlinzwa kanye nokuhlinzwa.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana Nokuhlinzwa Okujwayelekile

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuvuka ekuhlinzweni okujwayelekile?

Abantu abaningi baqala ukuvuka phakathi kwemizuzu emi-5 kuya kwengu-15 ngemva kokuthi ukuhlinzwa kumisiwe. Kodwa-ke, ukuzizwa uqaphele ngokuphelele futhi ujwayelekile kungathatha amahora ambalwa. Isikhathi esiqondile sincike ohlotsheni kanye nenani lokuhlinzwa elisetshenzisiwe, iminyaka yakho, kanye nempilo yakho yonke.

Ukwelulama kwakho kwenzeka ngezigaba, kuqala ngokuvula amehlo akho nokuphendula amazwi, bese kancane kancane uqaphele futhi uqondiswe. Ukululama ngokugcwele esimweni sakho sengqondo esijwayelekile kuvame ukuthatha amahora angu-6 kuya kwangu-24.

Ngizokhuluma izinto ezinamahloni ngenkathi ngivuka ekuhlinzweni?

Ngenkathi abanye abantu bekhathazeka ngokukhuluma izinto ezingafanele ngesikhathi sokululama, lokhu akuvamile. Abantu abaningi bavame ukulala futhi badideke kunokuba bangavinjwa lapho bevuka ekuhlinzweni.

Uma ukhuluma ngesikhathi sokululama ekuqaleni, kuvame ukuba ngamazwi adidayo noma angenangqondo kunokudalula izimfihlo. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lichwepheshile futhi lijwayele iziguli ezizimweni ezihlukahlukene zokuqwashisa ngesikhathi sokululama.

Ungaphupha ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa okujwayelekile?

Ukuphupha ngempela ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa okujwayelekile kwe-anesthesia okuqhutshwa kahle akuvamile. Uma ungaphansi kwe-anesthesia ejwayelekile, umsebenzi wobuchopho bakho ucindezelwe emazingeni ngokuvamile angavumeli ukwakheka kwamaphupho.

Abanye abantu babika okuhlangenwe nakho okufana namaphupho, kodwa lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ezigabeni ezilula zokungena noma ukuvuka. Amaphupho acacile avamile ezinsukwini ezilandelayo ngemva kokuhlinzwa njengoba amaphethini akho okulala ebuyela kokujwayelekile.

Odokotela bazi kanjani ukuthi i-anesthesia isebenza kahle?

Udokotela wakho we-anesthesiologist usebenzisa izindlela eziningi zokuqapha ukuqinisekisa ukuthi unikezwe i-anesthesia kahle kuyo yonke inqubo yakho. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuhlola umsebenzi wakho wobuchopho, izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo, umfutho wegazi, kanye namaphethini okuphefumula.

Ama-monitor anamuhla angathola ngisho nezinguquko ezincane ekuphenduleni komzimba wakho ezingase zibonise ukuthi awukajuli ngokwanele ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia. Udokotela wakho we-anesthesiologist ulungisa imithi ngokuqhubekayo ngokusekelwe kulezi zilinganiso.

Ingabe i-anesthesia ejwayelekile ingabangela ukulahlekelwa inkumbulo unomphela?

Ukulahlekelwa inkumbulo unomphela ngenxa ye-anesthesia ejwayelekile akuvamile kakhulu kubantu abanempilo. Abantu abaningi bathola kuphela ukudideka okwesikhashana noma ukuba nenhloko okuxazululwa emahoreni kuya ezinsukwini ngemva kokuhlinzwa.

Kwabanye abadala noma abantu abanezinkinga ezingokwengqondo ezikhona, kungase kube nemiphumela ehlala isikhathi eside, kodwa lokhu kuvame ukuhlobana nokucindezeleka kokuhlinzwa kunokuba yi-anesthesia ngokwayo. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizoxoxa nganoma yiziphi izingozi ezithile ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho somuntu ngamunye.