Yini Umgomo Wokuvikela I-Anthrax Othathwe (Ohlanganisiwe): Ukusetshenziswa, Umthamo, Imiphumela Eceleni Nokunye

Umthamo wokuvikela i-anthrax (ohlanganisiwe) ngumgomo ovikelayo osiza umzimba wakho ukwakha ukuzivikela emzimbeni we-anthrax, isifo esibangelwa amagciwane esibi kakhulu. Lo mgomo uqukethe amaprotheni ahlanzekile avela kumagciwane e-anthrax kanye ne-adjuvant—isithako esikhethekile esisiza ukukhulisa impendulo yomzimba wakho yokuzivikela ukuze kwakhiwe ukuvikelwa okuqinile, okuhlala isikhathi eside.

Lo mgomo unikezwa ikakhulukazi kubantu ababhekene nobungozi obukhulu bokuchayeka ku-anthrax, njengabasebenzi bezempi, abasebenzi baselebhu, kanye nabaqeqeshwe kwezempilo abathile. Ngenkathi izifo ze-anthrax zingavamile kakhulu ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, lo mgomo unikeza ukuvikelwa okubalulekile kulabo abangahlangana namagciwane ngomsebenzi wabo noma inkonzo yabo.

Yini Umgomo Wokuvikela I-Anthrax Osetshenziselwa Yona?

Lo mgomo uvikela ekuthelelekeni nge-anthrax ngokuqeqesha amasosha omzimba wakho ukuthi aqaphele futhi alwe namagciwane e-anthrax. I-Anthrax yisifo esingase sibulale esibangelwa amagciwane e-Bacillus anthracis, angathinta isikhumba, amaphaphu, noma uhlelo lokugaya ukudla ngokuya ngokuthi umuntu uchayeke kanjani.

Lo mgomo unconywa kumaqembu athile abantu ababhekene nobungozi obukhulu bokuchayeka. Abasebenzi bezempi abathunyelwe ezindaweni ezithile bathola lo mgomo njengengxenye yezinyathelo zabo zokuvikela impilo. Abasebenzi baselebhu abaphatha amasampula e-anthrax kanye nodokotela bezilwane abathile abasebenza nezilwane ezifuywayo nabo bayazuza kulokhu kuvikelwa.

Ezimweni eziphuthumayo ezingavamile, izikhulu zezempilo zomphakathi zingase zincomise umgomo kubantu abaye bachayeka ku-anthrax noma abasengozini esheshayo yokuchayeka. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzonquma ukuthi lo mgomo ulungele yini isimo sakho esithile ngokusekelwe ezingozini zakho kanye nomlando wakho wezempilo.

Usebenza Kanjani Umgomo Wokuvikela I-Anthrax?

Umjovo womuthi wokuvikela i-anthrax usebenza ngokwethula amaprotheni angalimazi avela kumagciwane e-anthrax emzimbeni wakho, okufundisa amasosha akho omzimba ukuthi aqaphele futhi alwe namagciwane angempela uma uke wavezwa. Cabanga ngakho njengokubonisa amasosha akho omzimba "isithombe esifunwayo" ukuze sikwazi ukuhlonza ngokushesha futhi siqede usongo.

I-adjuvant kulomjovo isebenza njengesistimu ye-alamu elula, esiza ukuqinisa nokwelula impendulo yakho yamasosha omzimba. Lesi sithako siqinisekisa ukuthi umzimba wakho ukhiqiza ama-antibody amaningi futhi ukhumbula ukuthi ungawulwa kanjani i-anthrax iminyaka ezayo.

Lokhu kuthathwa njengomjovo oqinile olinganiselwe onikeza ukuvikeleka okuqinile. Abantu abaningi bathuthukisa ukuzivikela okuhle ngemuva kokuqeda uchungechunge olugcwele lokugoma, yize izimpendulo zomuntu ngamunye zingahluka ngokuya ngezinto ezinjengobudala nempilo yonke.

Kufanele Ngithathe Kanjani Umuthi Wokugoma i-Anthrax?

Umjovo womuthi wokugoma i-anthrax unikezwa njengomjovo emsipheni wakho wengalo engenhla nguchwepheshe wezempilo. Awudingi ukuthatha lo mjovo nokudla noma amanzi ngoba unikezwa ngqo emsipheni wakho.

Ngaphambi kokuqokwa kwakho kokugoma, yidla ukudla okuvamile futhi uhlale unamanzi amaningi. Lokhu kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uzizwa ungcono kakhulu ngesikhathi nangemuva komjovo. Ungaqhubeka nokudla ngokujwayelekile ngemuva kokuthola umuthi wokugoma.

Umjovo ngokuvamile unikezwa njengochungechunge lwemijovo ezinye izinyanga. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzohlela lawa ma-aphoyintimenti futhi achaze isikhathi esithile esisebenza kahle kakhulu esimweni sakho. Kubalulekile ukugcina wonke ama-aphoyintimenti akho ahleliwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola ukuvikeleka okuphelele.

Kufanele Ngithathe Isikhathi Esingakanani Umuthi Wokugoma i-Anthrax?

Uchungechunge lokuqala lomuthi wokugoma i-anthrax ngokuvamile luhlanganisa imijovo eminingi enikezwa ezinyangeni ezingaba ngu-18. Abantu abaningi bathola imijovo ngo-0, 1, nango-6 izinyanga, kulandelwe ama-booster anyaka wonke ukuze kulondolozwe ukuvikeleka.

Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzoqoka uhlelo oluqondile olususelwe ezingeni lakho lobungozi kanye nemihlahlandlela yezempilo yamanje. Abanye abantu bangase badinge imijovo eyengeziwe yokuthuthukisa uma beqhubeka bebhekene nezingozi zokuchayeka emsebenzini wabo noma enkonzweni yezempi.

Ukuvikeleka kulolu gonyo kungahlala iminyaka eminingi, kodwa ama-booster ajwayelekile asiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuzivikela kwakho emzimbeni kuhlala kuqinile. Udokotela wakho uzoqapha isimo sakho sokugoma futhi ancome ama-booster njengoba kudingeka ukuze akuvikele.

Yiziphi Imiphumela Eceleni Yomgomo We-Anthrax?

Njengoba kunjalo ngemigomo eminingi, umgomo we-anthrax ungabangela eminye imiphumela emibi, nakuba abantu abaningi behlangabezana nokusabela okuncane kuphela okuzixazululayo. Ukuqonda okukulindele kungakusiza ukuthi uzizwe ulungiseleleke futhi uqiniseka ngokugonywa kwakho.

Imiphumela emibi evamile abantu abaningi abayitholayo ihlanganisa ubuhlungu, ububomvu, noma ukuvuvukala endaweni yokujova. Lokhu kusabela kwendawo empeleni kuyizimpawu zokuthi amasosha akho omzimba asabela kahle emgomweni futhi ngokuvamile athuthuka ezinsukwini ezimbalwa.

Ungase futhi uqaphele ezinye izimpawu ezijwayelekile njengoba umzimba wakho wakha ukuzivikela emzimbeni:

• Ukukhathala okuncane noma ukuzizwa ukhathele
• Umkhuhlane ophansi
• Ikhanda
• Ukulimala kwemisipha
• Isicanucanu noma ukuphatheka kabi kwesisu okuncane

Lezi zimpawu zivame ukuvela kungakapheli amahora angu-24 ngemva kokugonywa futhi zixazululeka phakathi kwezinsuku ezingu-2-3. Ukuphumula, ukuhlala unamanzi, nokuthatha izidambisi zokucasuka ezingathengiswa ngaphandle kwemvume kungakusiza ukuthi uzizwe ukhululekile.

Imiphumela emibi engavamile kodwa ebonakalayo ingahlanganisa ukuvuvukala okukhulu noma ukuba nobubele endaweni yokujova, okuhlala isonto elilodwa. Abanye abantu bathuthukisa izigaxa ezincane, eziqinile ngaphansi kwesikhumba lapho bethola khona umjovo, ngokuvamile ezinyamalala emasontweni amaningana.

Imiphumela emibi engavamile kodwa ebucayi idinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukusabela okukhulu komzimba okubangelwa ukungezwani nezinto ezithile ezinobunzima bokuphefumula, ukuqubuka okukhulu, noma ukuvuvukala kobuso nomphimbo. Ngenkathi lezi zimo zingavamile kakhulu, zingenzeka ngemizuzu noma ngamahora ngemuva kokugonywa.

Eminye imiphumela emibi engavamile ingafaka umkhuhlane ophezulu oqhubekayo, ikhanda elibuhlungu elibuhlungu, noma ubuthakathaka obungajwayelekile obungathuthuki ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa. Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezikhathazayo ezikukhathazayo, unganqikazi ukuxhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ukuze uthole isiqondiso.

Ubani Ongafanele Athole Umgomo We-Anthrax?

Abantu abathile kufanele bagweme noma balibazise ukuthola umgomo we-anthrax ukuze baqinisekise ukuphepha kwabo nokusebenza kahle komgomo. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzobuyekeza umlando wakho wezokwelapha nesimo sakho sempilo yamanje ngaphambi kokuncoma ukugonywa.

Abantu abanezinkinga ezinkulu zokungezwani nezinto ezithile ezinobunzima bokuphefumula kunoma yiziphi izithako zomgomo akufanele bathole lo mgomo. Uma uke waba nokusabela okukhulu komzimba okubangelwa ukungezwani nezinto ezithile ezinobunzima bokuphefumula emthamo wangaphambilini womgomo we-anthrax, akufanele uthole eminye imithamo.

Abesifazane abakhulelwe bavame ukulibazisa ukugonywa kwe-anthrax ngaphandle kokuthi babhekane nezimo zokuchayeka eziyingozi ngokushesha. Ngenkathi kungekho bufakazi bokuthi umgomo ulimaza izingane ezisakhula, ukugonywa kuvame ukuhlehliswa kuze kube ngemuva kokubeletha njengesinyathelo sokuzivikela.

Abantu abanezifo eziphakathi nendawo kuya kwezinkulu kufanele balinde kuze kube yilapho belulama ngaphambi kokugonywa. Lokhu kufaka noma ngubani onomkhuhlane, izifo ezinkulu, noma ezinye izimo zezempilo ezingaphazamisa ukusabela kwabo komzimba.

Labo abanezinhlelo zomzimba ezivikelekile ezibuthakathaka kakhulu kungenzeka bangathuthukisi ukuvikeleka okwanele emgomeni. Udokotela wakho uzohlola ukuthi ukugonywa kufanelekile yini ngokuya ngesimo sakho esithile somzimba sokuzivikela kanye nezingozi zokuchayeka.

Amagama Omkhiqizo Womgomo We-Anthrax

Umjovo wokuvikela i-anthrax (owengeziwe) uvame ukwaziwa ngegama lomkhiqizo elithi BioThrax uma ukhiqizwa yi-Emergent BioSolutions. Lona umjovo oyinhloko wokuvikela i-anthrax osetshenziswa e-United States futhi uhlolwe kakhulu ngokuqina nokusebenza kwawo.

Abahlinzeki bezempilo kanye nabasebenzi bezokwelapha bezempi ngokuvamile babhekisela kuwo ngokuthi "umjovo we-anthrax" noma "AVA" (Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed). Ifomula ethile oyitholayo izoncika kulokho okutholakala ngohlelo lwakho lwezempilo noma izinsizakalo zezokwelapha zempi.

Ezinye izindlela zokuvikela i-Anthrax

Njengamanje, azikho ezinye izindlela zokuvikela ezitholakala kabanzi ezivikela ekuthelelekeni nge-anthrax. Umjovo wokuvikela i-anthrax oengeziwe usahlala njengesinyathelo esiyinhloko sokuvikela abantu abasengozini yokuchayeka.

Kubantu abangakwazi ukuthola umjovo ngenxa yezizathu zezokwelapha, ezinye izinyathelo zokuvikela zibaluleke kakhulu. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukulandela imithetho eqinile yokuphepha ezindaweni zokucwaninga, ukusebenzisa imishini efanele yokuzivikela, nokufuna ukunakekelwa kwezempilo ngokushesha uma ukuchayeka kwenzeka.

Ezimweni zokuchayeka ngemva kokuchayeka, ama-antibiotics afana ne-ciprofloxacin noma i-doxycycline angasiza ekuvikeleni ukutheleleka uma kuqaliswa ngokushesha ngemva kokuchayeka. Kodwa-ke, le mithi iphatha ukutheleleka okungenzeka kunokuthi inikeze ukuvikelwa kwesikhathi eside okunikezwa ngumgomo.

Ingabe Umjovo we-Anthrax Ungcono Kunezinye Izithako Zokuzivikela?

Umjovo we-anthrax usebenza ngenjongo eyingqayizivele ekuvikeleni engozini ethile yezinto eziphilayo, ngakho-ke awuqhathaniswa ngokuqondile neminye imigomo ejwayelekile. Umgomo ngamunye wokuzivikela uqondiswe ezinye izinhlangano futhi unikeza ukuvikelwa ezingozini ezithile.

Lo mgomo uye wafundwa kabanzi futhi wahlanzwa emashumini eminyaka yokusetshenziswa, ikakhulukazi emiphakathini yezempi. Ukhombisa ukusebenza kahle ekuvikeleni ukutheleleka nge-anthrax uma unikezwa njengochungechunge oluphelele.

Ifomu eline-adjuvanted limele ukuthuthukiswa kwezinguqulo zakuqala, linikeza ukuzivikela okuqinile nokuhlala isikhathi eside ngemithamo eminingi engadingeki. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo angachaza ukuthi lo mithi wokugomela ungena kanjani esu lakho lokuzivikela ngokusekelwe ezingozini zakho ezithile.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana Nomuthi Wokugomela i-Anthrax

Ingabe Umuthi Wokugomela i-Anthrax Uphephile Kubantu Abanezifo Zokuzivikela Emzimbeni?

Abantu abanezifo zokuzivikela emzimbeni kufanele baxoxe ngokugoma ngokucophelela nomhlinzeki wabo wezempilo. Ngenkathi umuthi wokugomela ngokwawo ngokuvamile ungabi zimbi izimo zokuzivikela emzimbeni, eminye imithi esetshenziselwa ukwelapha lezi zifo ingathinta ukuthi umuthi wokugomela usebenza kahle kangakanani.

Udokotela wakho uzocabangela isimo sakho esithile, imithi yamanje, kanye nezingozi zokuchayeka lapho enquma ukuthi ukugoma kufanelekile yini. Kwezinye izimo, ukuhlela umuthi wokugomela ngesikhathi esihambisana nohlelo lwakho lokwelashwa kungasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuvikeleka okungcono kakhulu.

Ngingenzani Uma Ngithola Ngengozi Imithamo Eminingi Kakhulu?

Uma ngengozi uthola umthamo owengeziwe womuthi wokugomela i-anthrax, ungapheli amandla. Ngenkathi lokhu kungalungile, imithamo eyengeziwe ngokuvamile ayibangeli ingozi enkulu ngaphandle kwemiphumela engemihle eyengeziwe endaweni yokujova.

Xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ukuze ubike umthamo owengeziwe futhi uxoxe nganoma yiziphi izimpawu ozihlangabezayo. Bazokusiza ukuthi ulungise uhlelo lwakho lokugoma futhi baqaphe noma yiziphi izindlela ezingavamile. Gcina irekhodi layo yonke imithamo etholiwe ukuze uvimbele amaphutha okuhlela esikhathini esizayo.

Ngingenzani Uma Ngiphuthelwa Umthamo Ohleliwe?

Uma uphuthelwa umthamo ohleliwe womuthi wokugomela i-anthrax, xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze uhlele kabusha. Ezimweni eziningi, ungamane uthole umthamo ophuthelwe futhi uqhubeke nohlelo lwakho olujwayelekile.

Ukushoda komthamo owodwa akusho ukuthi udinga ukuqala kabusha lonke uchungechunge. Isistimu yakho yokuzivikela emzimbeni igcina inkumbulo ethile evela emithamini yangaphambilini, ngakho-ke ukubuyela emgudwini ngohlelo lwakho lokugoma kuzosiza ukugcina ukuvikeleka kwakho.

Ngingayeka nini ukuthatha ama-Anthrax Vaccine Boosters?

Isidingo sama-anthrax vaccine boosters aqhubekayo sincike engozini yakho eqhubekayo yokuchayeka. Abasebenzi bezempi bangase badinge ama-boosters avamile kuyo yonke inkonzo yabo, kanti abasebenzi baselebhu bangase bawadinge kuphela uma besebenza ngamasampula e-anthrax.

Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzohlola izici zakho eziqhubekayo zengozi kanye nemihlahlandlela yezempilo yamanje ukuze anqume ukuthi ama-boosters angeke asadingeka nini. Lesi sinqumo sihlala senziwa ngamunye ngamunye ngokuya ngesimo sakho esithile kanye nezingozi zokuchayeka ezishintshayo.

Ngingahamba yini ngemva kokuthola umgomo we-Anthrax?

Ngokuvamile ungaqhubeka nohambo ngemva kokuthola umgomo we-anthrax, nakuba ungase ufune ukuhlela imiphumela emincane engase ibe khona ngosuku lwakho lokuqala noma ezimbili. Uma uhamba ngenxa yomsebenzi ohilela ukuchayeka okungenzeka ku-anthrax, qiniseka ukuthi uqede uchungechunge olufanele lokugoma ngaphambili.

Gcina amarekhodi akho okugoma nawe uma uhamba, ikakhulukazi uma uya ezindaweni lapho izinsongo ze-biological zingase zibe yinkinga. Ezinye izindawo noma izabelo zomsebenzi zingase zidinge ubufakazi bokugoma ngaphambi kokuvumela ukungena ezindaweni ezithile.