Yini Umgomo Wokuvikela I-Anthrax: Ukusetshenziswa, Umthamo, Imiphumela Eceleni Nokunye

Umgomo wokuvikela i-anthrax uyithuluzi lezokwelapha elisiza ukuvikela umzimba wakho ku-anthrax, okuyisifo esibangelwa amagciwane esingathi sína esibangelwa yi-Bacillus anthracis. Lo mgomo usebenza ngokufundisa amasosha omzimba wakho ukuthi aqaphele futhi alwe namagciwane e-anthrax ngaphambi kokuthi abangele ukugula. Ngenkathi izifo ze-anthrax zingavamile kakhulu ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, lo mgomo usebenza njengesinyathelo esibalulekile sokuphepha kubantu ababhekene nezingozi eziphakeme zokuchayeka ngomsebenzi wabo noma inkonzo yezempi.

Uyini Umgomo Wokuvikela I-Anthrax?

Umgomo wokuvikela i-anthrax ngumgomo wamaprotheni ahlanzekile oqukethe izingxenye ezithile ezivela emagciwaneni e-anthrax ngaphandle kokuba namagciwane aphilayo ngokwawo. Umgomo uphephe ngokuphelele ngoba awukwazi ukubangela ukutheleleka nge-anthrax. Kunalokho, iqukethe ama-antigen avikelayo asiza amasosha omzimba wakho ukuthi afunde ukuqaphela amagciwane e-anthrax njengosongo.

Umgomo uhamba ngegama lomkhiqizo elithi BioThrax futhi ukhiqizwa njengoketshezi olungenazo izinto ezingcolile zokujova. Yilokho ochwepheshe bezokwelapha abakubiza ngokuthi umgomo “ongasebenzi”, okusho ukuthi uqukethe kuphela izingxenye zamagciwane ezidingekayo ukuze kwakhiwe ukuzivikela ngaphandle kwanoma iyiphi ingozi yokubangela lesi sifo sangempela.

Usetshenziselwani Umgomo Wokuvikela I-Anthrax?

Umgomo wokuvikela i-anthrax usetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ukuvimbela ukutheleleka nge-anthrax kubantu abanethuba eliphezulu lokuchayeka emagciwaneni e-anthrax. Abantu abaningi ngeke badinge lo mgomo ngoba ukuchayeka ku-anthrax akuvamile kakhulu ekuphileni kwansuku zonke.

Umgomo unikezwa njalo kubasebenzi bezempi abangase bathunyelwe ezindaweni lapho i-anthrax ingasetshenziswa khona njengesikhali sebhayoloji. Abasebenzi baselebhu abaphatha amasampula e-anthrax, odokotela bezilwane abasebenza nezilwane ezifuywayo ezindaweni ezithile, kanye nabantu abasebenza ngemikhiqizo yezilwane engenisiwe njengoboya noma izikhumba nabo bangase bathole lo mgomo.

Ezimweni eziphuthumayo ezingavamile, umgomo kungenzeka unconywe kubantu abaye bahlangana namagciwane e-anthrax kodwa abangakabi nazo izimpawu. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-post-exposure prophylaxis futhi ngokuvamile kuhlanganiswe nokwelashwa ngama-antibiotic ukuze kuvikelwe kakhulu.

Isebenza Kanjani Umgomo We-Anthrax?

Umgomo we-anthrax usebenza ngokufundisa amasosha akho omzimba ukuthi aqaphele futhi alwe namagciwane e-anthrax ngaphambi kokuthi akwazi ukubangela ukutheleleka. Uma uthola umgomo, umzimba wakho uhlangana namaprotheni athile avela emagciwaneni e-anthrax futhi ufunda ukwakha ama-antibody ngawo.

La ma-antibody asebenza njengamabutho akho okuphepha, alungele ukuhlonza ngokushesha futhi aqede amagciwane e-anthrax uma wake wahlangana nawo. Umgomo uthathwa njengosebenza kahle kakhulu, ngocwaningo olukhombisa ukuthi unikeza ukuvikeleka okuqinile uma unikezwa ngokuya ngohlelo olunconyiwe.

Lona umgomo oqinile oqeda ukungatheleleki, kodwa udinga imithamo eminingi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukuze wakhe futhi ulondoloze ukuvikeleka okuphelele. Amasosha akho omzimba adinga lokhu kuhlangana okuphindaphindiwe nezingxenye zomgomo ukuze akhe ukuvikeleka okuqinile ngangokunokwenzeka ngokumelene ne-anthrax.

Kufanele Ngiwuthathaphi Umgomo We-Anthrax?

Umgomo we-anthrax unikezwa njengomjovo emsipheni wakho ongaphezulu wengalo (i-intramuscular) noma ngaphansi kwesikhumba (i-subcutaneous). Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzonquma indlela engcono kakhulu yokujova kuwe ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho esithile kanye nomlando wezokwelapha.

Akudingeki uthathe noma yimaphi amalungiselelo akhethekile ngaphambi kokuthola umgomo. Ungadla ngokujwayelekile futhi akudingeki ukuthi ugweme noma yikuphi ukudla noma iziphuzo ezithile. Kodwa-ke, kuyasiza ukugqoka izingubo ezikhululekile ezivumela ukufinyelela kalula engalweni yakho engenhla.

Umjovo unikezwa njengochungechunge lwemijovo ezinyangeni eziningana. Uhlelo olujwayelekile luhlanganisa imijovo ngemva kwamasonto angu-0, 2, kanye nama-4, kulandelwe imijovo eyengeziwe ngemva kwezinyanga eziyi-6, 12, kanye neziyi-18. Ngemva kokuqeda uchungechunge lokuqala, uzodinga imijovo eyengeziwe yonyaka ukuze ugcine ukuvikeleka.

Qiniseka ukuthi ulandela ukuthi uthola nini umthamo ngamunye nokuthi umthamo wakho olandelayo uzofika nini. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzokunikeza ikhadi lokurekhoda ukugonywa ukuze likusize ukhumbule uhlelo lwakho.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Isikhathi Esingakanani Umgomo We-Anthrax?

Umgomo we-anthrax udinga ukuzibophezela kwesikhathi eside ukuze kugcinwe ukuvikeleka okusebenzayo. Uzodinga ukuqeda uchungechunge lokuqala oluphelele lwemiijovo eyi-6 ezingaphezu kwezinyanga eziyi-18, kulandelwe imijovo eyengeziwe yonyaka uma nje usengozini yokuchayeka.

Abantu abaningi abathola lo mgomo bazodinga ukuqhubeka nokuthola imijovo eyengeziwe yonyaka ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwabo kwezempi noma ngenkathi besebenza emisebenzini enobungozi obukhulu. Ukuvikeleka emgomweni kuyancipha kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngaphandle kwale mijovo eyengeziwe ejwayelekile.

Uma uyeka ukuthola umgomo ngaphambi kokuqeda uchungechunge olugcwele, ungase ungabi nokuvikeleka okwanele ku-anthrax. Khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ngesimo sakho esithile nokuthi uzodinga isikhathi esingakanani ukuqhubeka nokuthola umgomo.

Yiziphi Izinkinga Zomgomo We-Anthrax?

Njengayo yonke imigomo, umgomo we-anthrax ungabangela imiphumela emibi, nakuba abantu abaningi beba nemiphumela emincane kuphela ezizilungisayo. Ukuqonda okulindelekile kungakusiza ukuthi uzizwe ulungiswe kangcono futhi ungakhathazeki kakhulu ngempendulo ejwayelekile yomgomo.

Imiphumela emibi evame kakhulu yenzeka endaweni yokujova futhi ngokuvamile ivele ngosuku olulodwa noma ezimbili ngemva kokuthola umgomo:

• Ukuba buhlungu, ukubomvu, noma ukuvuvukala endaweni yokujova
• Ibhampa elincane, eliqinile noma i-nodule engase ihlale amasonto amaningana
• Ukuluma noma ukuba nobumnene endaweni yokujova
• Ukulimala endaweni yokujova

Lezi zimpawu zendawo ziyizimpawu zokuthi amasosha akho omzimba ayasabela emutheni, okuyilokho kanye esifuna ukuthi kwenzeke.

Ungase futhi uhlangabezane nezinye izimpawu zomzimba jikelele njengoba amasosha akho omzimba esebenza umuthi:

• Umkhuhlane olula noma ukuzizwa ungazizwa kahle kancane
• Ukucabuka kwekhanda
• Ukuba buhlungu kwemisipha
• Ukukhathala noma ukuzizwa ukhathele
• Ukucasuka kwesisu

Lezi zimpawu zivame ukunyama ngaphakathi kwezinsuku ezimbalwa futhi zingalawulwa ngemithi yokwelapha ubuhlungu kanye nokuphumula.

Imiphumela emibi kakhulu ayivamile kodwa ingenzeka. Lezi zidinga ukunakekelwa kwezempilo ngokushesha:

• Ukungezwani komzimba okukhulu (ubunzima bokuphefumula, ukuvuvukala kobuso noma umphimbo, ukuqubuka okukhulu)
• Umkhuhlane ophezulu ngaphezu kuka-101°F (38.3°C)
• Ubuhlungu obukhulu noma ukuvuvukala okuphazamisa ukunyakaza kwengalo
• Izimpawu zokutheleleka endaweni yokujova (ukubomvu okwanda, ukufudumala, i-pus)

Ezimweni ezingavamile, abanye abantu bangase bathuthukise izimpawu eziqhubekayo njengokukhathala okuqhubekayo, ubuhlungu emalungeni, noma izinkinga zenkumbulo, nakuba ukuxhumana phakathi kwalezi zimpawu nomuthi kusafundwa.

Ubani Ongafanele Athole Umuthi Wokugomela I-Anthrax?

Ngenkathi umuthi wokugomela i-anthrax ngokuvamile uphephile kubantu abaningi, abanye abantu kufanele bagweme ukuwuthola noma baxoxe ngezinyathelo ezikhethekile nodokotela wabo. Ukuphepha kwakho kuyinto eza kuqala lapho wenza izinqumo zokugoma.

Akufanele uthole umuthi wokugomela i-anthrax uma wazi ukuthi une-allergy enkulu kunoma iyiphi yezingxenye zawo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukungezwani komzimba ku-aluminum hydroxide, benzethonium chloride, noma formaldehyde, ezisetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni komuthi.

Abantu abanezifo eziphakathi nendawo kuya kwezinkulu kufanele balinde baze bathole impilo ngaphambi kokugonywa. Lokhu akubandakanyi imikhuhlane emincane noma imikhuhlane emazingeni aphansi, kodwa izifo ezibaluleke kakhulu ezikwenza uzizwe ungazizwa kahle.

Uma ukhulelwe noma uhlela ukukhulelwa, xoxa ngomgomo nodokotela wakho. Noma izifundo zingakakhombisi ukulimala ezinganeni ezisakhula, umgomo ngokuvamile unconywa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kuphela uma ingozi yokuchayeka ku-anthrax iphezulu.

Abantu abanezinhlelo zokuzivikela ezithintekile, njengalabo abathola i-chemotherapy noma abathatha imithi ecindezela amasosha omzimba, bangase bangasabele kahle emgomweni. Udokotela wakho angasiza ekunqumeni ukuthi ukugonywa kufanele yini isimo sakho.

Amagama Omkhiqizo Womgomo We-Anthrax

Umuthi wokugoma i-anthrax otholakalayo e-United States ukhiqizwa ngaphansi kwegama lomkhiqizo elithi BioThrax yi-Emergent BioSolutions. Lona njengamanje ngumuthi wokugoma i-anthrax kuphela ovunyelwe yi-FDA otholakalayo ezweni.

I-BioThrax yaziwa nangegama layo lobuchwepheshe, i-Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed (AVA). Ungase ubone elinye igama kumarekhodi akho okugoma noma emadokhumenti ezokwelapha.

Ezinye Izindlela Zomgomo We-Anthrax

Njengamanje, awekho omunye umgomo otholakalayo e-United States ovikela ku-anthrax. I-BioThrax ngumuthi wokugoma i-anthrax kuphela ovunyelwe yi-FDA, futhi abacwaningi basebenza ekuthuthukiseni imithi yokugoma yesizukulwane esilandelayo engase idinge imithamo embalwa.

Uma ungenakukwazi ukuthola umuthi wokugoma i-anthrax ngenxa yezizathu zezokwelapha, umhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo angase ancome ezinye izindlela zokuzivikela uma usengozini yokuchayeka. Lokhu kungabandakanya i-antibiotic prophylaxis ezimweni ezithile, nakuba le ndlela ngokuvamile igcinelwe ukwelashwa ngemva kokuchayeka kunokuvimbela.

Ingabe Umgomo We-Anthrax Ungcono Kunezibulala-magciwane Zokuvimbela?

Umgomo we-anthrax kanye nezibulala-magciwane zisebenzela izinjongo ezihlukene ekuvikeleni ku-anthrax, futhi azihambisani ngokuqondile njengezindlela zokuvimbela. Umgomo unikeza ukuvikelwa kwesikhathi eside ngokuqeqesha uhlelo lwakho lokuzivikela ukuthi lulwe namagciwane e-anthrax ngaphambi kokuthi ukutheleleka kwenzeke.

Ama-antibiotics afana ne-ciprofloxacin noma i-doxycycline ngokuvamile asetshenziselwa ukuvimbela ngemva kokuchayeka, okusho ukuthi anikezwa ngemva kokuba umuntu echayeke kumagciwane e-anthrax kodwa ngaphambi kokuba izimpawu ziqale. Ama-antibiotics asebenza ngokubulala ngokuqondile noma ukumisa ukukhula kwamagciwane asevele emzimbeni wakho.

Umjovo ngokuvamile ukhethwa ukuvimbela isikhathi eside kubantu abanezinhlaka eziqhubekayo zokuchayeka ngoba unikeza ukuzivikela okuhlala isikhathi eside ngaphandle kwesidingo semithi eqhubekayo. Ama-antibiotics afaneleka kangcono ukuvikela isikhashana ngemva kokuchayeka okwaziwayo.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana Nomjovo We-Anthrax

Ingabe Umjovo We-Anthrax Uphephile Kubantu Abanezifo Zokuzivikela Emzimbeni?

Abantu abanezifo zokuzivikela emzimbeni kufanele baxoxe ngomjovo we-anthrax ngokucophelela nomhlinzeki wabo wezempilo. Ngenkathi umjovo ngokwawo ungenamagciwane aphilayo futhi awukwazi ukubangela ukutheleleka nge-anthrax, kungenzeka ukuthi ubangele izimpendulo zesistimu yokuzivikela emzimbeni ezingase zithinte izimo zokuzivikela emzimbeni.

Udokotela wakho uzoqaphela ubungozi bokuchayeka ku-anthrax ngokumelene nethuba lokuthi umjovo uqhubekise isimo sakho sokuzivikela emzimbeni. Bangase batusa ukushintshwa kwesikhathi noma ukuqapha okwengeziwe uma uthola umjovo.

Ngingenzani uma ngithola umjovo we-Anthrax omningi ngengozi?

Uma ngengozi uthola umthamo owengeziwe womjovo we-anthrax, ungapheli amandla. Ngenkathi lokhu kungalungile, ukuthola umthamo owengeziwe akunakwenzeka ukuthi kubangele ukulimala okukhulu ngaphandle kwemiphumela engaba namandla endaweni yokujova.

Xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ukuze ubike umthamo owengeziwe futhi uxoxe ukuthi ngabe kukhona yini izinguquko eshedyulini yakho yokugoma ezidingekayo. Bangase bafune ukukuqapha eduze ukuze uthole imiphumela emibi futhi ulungise isikhathi somthamo wakho olandelayo ohleliwe.

Ngingenzani uma ngiphuthelwa umthamo womjovo we-Anthrax?

Uma uphuthelwa umthamo oqokiwe womuthi wokugoma i-anthrax, xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze uhlele kabusha. Ukuphuthelwa umthamo ngeke kukulimaze, kodwa kunganciphisa ukusebenza kahle kokuvikela kwakho i-anthrax.

Umhlinzeki wakho uzosiza ekutholeni indlela engcono kakhulu yokubuyela emgqeni ngohlelo lwakho lokugoma. Ezimweni eziningi, ungamukela nje umthamo ophuthelwe bese uqhubeka nemijovo eseleyo, nakuba isikhathi semithamo yesikhathi esizayo singase sidingeke ukuthi silungiswe.

Ngingayeka nini Ukuthatha Umuthi Wokugoma i-Anthrax?

Ungayeka ukuthola imijovo yokugoma i-anthrax uma ungasengozini yokuchayeka kumagciwane e-anthrax. Lokhu kuvamile ukwenzeka uma uqeda inkonzo yezempi, ushintsha imisebenzi usuka emisebenzini enobungozi obukhulu, noma ungasasebenzi ezindaweni lapho ukuchayeka ku-anthrax kungenzeka khona.

Xoxa nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ngesimo sakho esithile ngaphambi kokuyeka umuthi wokugoma. Bangakusiza ukuthi uhlole ubungozi bakho obuqhubekayo futhi banqume isikhathi esifanele sokuyeka ukugoma.

Ngingakwazi Ukuthola Eminye Imithi Yokugoma Ngesikhathi Esifanayo Nomuthi Wokugoma i-Anthrax?

Yebo, ngokuvamile ungaqhubeka nokuthola eminye imithi yokugoma ngesikhathi esifanayo nomuthi wokugoma i-anthrax, nakuba kufanele inikezwe ezingalweni ezihlukene uma kungenzeka. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzocabangela impilo yakho yonke kanye nomlando wokugoma lapho enza izincomo.

Imithi yokugoma ejwayelekile engase inikezwe ngasikhathi sinye ihlanganisa ukugonywa okuvamile njengemijovo yomkhuhlane, imijovo ye-tetanus, noma imithi yokugoma yokuhamba uma uthunyelwa phesheya. Umhlinzeki wakho uzoqinisekisa ukuthi kukhona isikhala esifanele nokuqapha nganoma yikuphi ukusebenzisana.