Yini i-Antihistamine: Ukusetshenziswa, Umthamo, Imiphumela Eceleni nokuningi

Ama-Antihistamine yimithi evimba i-histamine, ikhemikhali ekhishwa umzimba wakho ngesikhathi sokusabela komzimba. Le mithi eguquguqukayo isiza ukunciphisa izimpawu ezinjengokuthimula, ukuluma, amakhala agobhozayo, kanye namahives ngokuvimbela i-histamine ukuthi ingabophezeli emangqamuzaneni emzimbeni wakho. Ungathatha ama-antihistamine ngomlomo, ngokujova, noma njengama-suppositories, kuye ngezidingo zakho ezithile nobukhulu bezimpawu zakho.

Yini i-Antihistamine?

Ama-Antihistamine iqembu lemithi esebenza ngokuvimba ama-histamine receptors emzimbeni wakho. Uma uhlangana ne-allergen efana ne-pollen noma i-pet dander, amasosha akho omzimba akhipha i-histamine njengengxenye yokuphendula kwawo ukuzivikela. Le histamine ibangela izimpawu ezingakhululeki ozihlobanisa nokungezwani komzimba.

Cabanga ngama-antihistamine njengezihlangu ezincane ezivikela amaseli akho emiphumeleni ye-histamine. Ziza ngezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko: ama-antihistamine esizukulwane sokuqala (njenge-diphenhydramine) angakwenza ukozela, kanye nalabo besizukulwane sesibili (njenge-loratadine) ngokuvamile abangabangeli ukozela. Zombili izinhlobo ziyasebenza, kodwa zisebenza ngendlela ehlukile emzimbeni wakho.

Yini i-Antihistamine Esizokwenzelwa Yona?

Ama-Antihistamine aphatha izinhlobonhlobo zokungezwani komzimba nezimo ezihlobene. Ngokuvamile, odokotela bazincoma ngezifo zokungezwani komzimba zesizini, ezaziwa nangokuthi umkhuhlane wotshani noma i-allergic rhinitis.

Le mithi inganikeza impumuzo uma ubhekene nezimpawu ezihlukahlukene zokungezwani komzimba emzimbeni wakho wonke. Nazi izimo eziyinhloko ama-antihistamine asiza ukuziphatha:

• Ukungezwani komzimba kwesizini (umkhuhlane wotshani) ovela ku-pollen, utshani, noma izihlahla
• Ukungezwani komzimba unyaka wonke ovela kuma-dust mites, i-pet dander, noma isikhunta
• Ukuphendula kwesikhumba okufana nama-hives, eczema, noma ama-rash okungezwani komzimba
• Ukungezwani komzimba kokudla (ukusabela okulula kuphela)
• Ukuphendula kokulunywa yizinambuzane
• Ukugula kokunyakaza nokucasuka
• Ubunzima bokulala (ama-antihistamine okuthulisa)

Ezimweni ezingathi sína, odokotela bangasebenzisa ama-antihistamine njengengxenye yokwelashwa okuphuthumayo ngezinto ezingaphenduli kahle emzimbeni. Kodwa-ke, le mithi isebenza kahle ezimpawini ezilula kuya kweziphakathi nendawo kunokuba kube yizinto eziphendulayo ezisongela impilo.

Isebenza Kanjani I-Antihistamine?

Ama-Antihistamine asebenza ngokuvimba i-histamine ekunamatheleni kuma-receptors athile emzimbeni wakho abizwa ngokuthi ama-H1 receptors. Uma i-histamine ingakwazi ukunamathela kula ma-receptors, ayikwazi ukubangela uchungechunge lwezinto eziphendulayo ezibangela izimpawu zakho zokungezwani komzimba.

Umzimba wakho une-histamine receptors ezindaweni eziningi, okuhlanganisa ikhala lakho, amehlo, isikhumba, kanye nohlelo lokuphefumula. Uma ama-antihistamine evimba la ma-receptors, avimbela ukuvuvukala, ukuluma, nokukhiqizwa okwengeziwe kwama-mucus okukwenza uzizwe ungakhululekile ngesikhathi sokungezwani komzimba.

Ama-antihistamine amaningi abhekwa njengemithi enamandla aphakathi nendawo esebenza kahle ekungezweni komzimba kwansuku zonke. Ngokuvamile ziphephile futhi ziyasebenza, kodwa azinamandla ngokwanele ukubhekana nezimo eziphuthumayo ezinzima ezidinga ukunakekelwa kwezempilo ngokushesha kanye nokwelashwa okuhlukile.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Kanjani I-Antihistamine?

Indlela othatha ngayo ama-antihistamine incike ohlotsheni olutuswa udokotela wakho kanye nezimpawu zakho ezithile. Ama-antihistamine omlomo avamile kakhulu futhi angathathwa nokudla noma ngaphandle kokudla, nakuba ukuwathatha nokudla kungasiza ekunciphiseni isisu.

Ngamaphilisi omlomo noma amaphilisi, wagwinye wonke ngengilazi yamanzi egcwele. Uma uthatha ama-antihistamine alulwazi, linganisa umthamo ngokucophelela usebenzisa idivayisi yokulinganisa enikeziwe, hhayi isipuni sasekhaya. Ukuthatha imithi yakho ngesikhathi esifanayo nsuku zonke kusiza ukugcina amazinga aqhubekayo ohlelweni lwakho.

Lapho udokotela wakho ebhala ama-antihistamine ajovwayo, uchwepheshe wezempilo uzowaphatha endaweni yezokwelapha. Ama-suppositories e-rectal ngokuvamile asetshenziswa uma ungakwazi ukugcina imithi yomlomo ngenxa yesicanucanu noma ukuhlanza.

Akudingeki ukuthi usebenzise ama-antihistamine nobisi ngqo, kodwa ungenza kanjalo uma kusiza ukuzinzisa isisu sakho. Gwema utshwala ngenkathi usebenzisa le mithi, njengoba ingakhuphula ukozela futhi inciphise ukusebenza kahle komuthi.

Kufanele Ngithathe Ama-Antihistamine Isikhathi Eside Kangakanani?

Ubude bokwelashwa ngama-antihistamine buyahluka ngokuya ngesimo sakho esithile nezimpawu. Ezintweni ezibangelwa ukungezwani komzimba nezinto ezithile zonyaka, ungase uzithathe kuyo yonke inkathi yokungezwani komzimba nezinto ezithile, okungaba ngamasonto amaningana noma izinyanga.

Uma ubhekene nokungezwani komzimba nezinto ezithile unyaka wonke, udokotela wakho angase ancome ukuthatha ama-antihistamine nsuku zonke isikhathi eside. Le ndlela isiza ukugcina izimpawu zakho zilawulwa futhi ivimbela ukuthi zingaphazamisi impilo yakho yansuku zonke.

Ezintweni ezibangelwa ukungezwani komzimba nezinto ezithile ezinzima njengama-hives noma ukulunywa yizinambuzane, ngokuvamile uthatha ama-antihistamine izinsuku ezimbalwa nje kuze kube yilapho izimpawu zakho zixazululeka. Ungalokothi uyeke ukuthatha ama-antihistamine abekiwe ngokuphazima kweso ngaphandle kokukhuluma nodokotela wakho, ikakhulukazi uma ubezithatha njalo isikhathi eside.

Yiziphi Izinto Ezingezinhle Zama-Antihistamine?

Abantu abaningi bayawamukela kahle ama-antihistamine, kodwa njengayo yonke imithi, angabangela imiphumela emibi. Uhlobo nobukhulu bemiphumela emibi ngokuvamile kuncike ekutheni yisiphi isizukulwane sama-antihistamine osithathayo.

Ama-antihistamine esizukulwane sokuqala athambekele ekubangeleni imiphumela emibi ebonakalayo ngoba angena ebuchosheni bakho kalula. Nawa ama-side effects avamile ongase uwahlangabezane nawo:

• Ukozela noma ukukhathala
• Umlomo owomile
• Ukubona okungacacile
• Isiyezi
• Ukuqunjelwa
• Ubunzima bokuchama
• Isisu esibuhlungu noma isicanucanu

Ama-antihistamine esizukulwane sesibili ngokuvamile abangela imiphumela emibi embalwa, nakuba abanye abantu bengase basahlangabezana nekhanda elibuhlungu elincane, umlomo owomile, noma isisu esibuhlungu. Le mithi emisha yakhelwe ukusebenza ngokuqondile ezimpawini zokungezwani komzimba nezinto ezithile ngaphandle kokuthinta ngokuphawulekayo ukusebenza kobuchopho bakho.

Nakuba kungavamile, abanye abantu bangase babe nemiphumela emibi kakhulu edinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile, isiyezi esikhulu, ubunzima bokuphefumula, noma izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba emuthini uqobo. Xhumana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha uma unezimpawu ezikhathazayo.

Ubani Ongafanele Athole I-Antihistamine?

Nakuba ama-antihistamine ngokuvamile ephephile kubantu abaningi, abanye abantu kufanele bawaqaphele noma bawasebenzise ngokuqapha okwengeziwe. Udokotela wakho uzobuyekeza umlando wakho wezokwelapha kanye nemithi yamanje ukuze anqume ukuthi ama-antihistamine alungele yini wena.

Abanye abantu banemibandela eyenza ama-antihistamine abe yinkinga noma adinge ukuqashwa ngokucophelela. Nawa amaqembu amakhulu okufanele axoxe ngezindlela ezingezinye nomhlinzeki wabo wokunakekelwa kwezempilo:

• Abantu abanenkinga ye-prostate enwetshiwe noma izinkinga zokugcinwa komchamo
• Abantu abane-glaucoma ye-narrow-angle
• Labo abanezifo ezinzima zesibindi noma izinso
• Abantu abathatha imithi ethile esebenzisana nama-antihistamine
• Abantu abanezinkinga zokuphefumula njenge-asthma enzima
• Labo abanezinkinga zesigqi senhliziyo
• Abantu abanomlando wokuhlaselwa

Abesifazane abakhulelwe nabancelisayo kufanele baxoxe nodokotela wabo ngaphambi kokuthatha ama-antihistamine, njengoba ezinye izinhlobo ziphephe kunezinye ngalezi zikhathi. Abantu abadala bangase bazwe imiphumela emibi kakhulu futhi bangase badinge imithamo elungisiwe noma imithi ehlukile.

Amagama Omkhiqizo we-Antihistamine

Ama-Antihistamine atholakala ngaphansi kwamagama amaningi ahlukene omkhiqizo, kokubili njengemithi kadokotela kanye nemithi etholakala ngaphandle kwemithi kadokotela. Ukwazi amagama omkhiqizo kungakusiza ukuthi ubone ukuthi hlobo luni lwe-antihistamine oluluthathayo futhi ugweme ukuthatha umthamo ophindwe kabili ngengozi.

Izinhlobo ezivamile zama-antihistamine esizukulwane sokuqala zihlanganisa i-Benadryl (diphenhydramine), i-Chlor-Trimeton (chlorpheniramine), kanye ne-Atarax (hydroxyzine). Le mithi indala kodwa isasebenza, nakuba ivame ukubangela ukozela okwengeziwe.

Ama-antihistamine esizukulwane sesibili ahlanganisa izinhlobo ezinjenge-Claritin (loratadine), i-Zyrtec (cetirizine), kanye ne-Allegra (fexofenadine). Lezi zinketho ezintsha zithandwa ngoba zinikeza ukukhululeka okusebenzayo ekuguleni ngaphandle kokunciphisa umzimba, okwenza zifaneleke ukusetshenziswa emini.

Ezinye izindlela zama-Antihistamine

Uma ama-antihistamine engasebenzi kahle kuwe noma ebangela imiphumela emibi, ukwelashwa okuhlukahlukene kungasiza ekuphatheni ukugula kwakho. Udokotela wakho angakusiza ukuthi uhlole lezi zinketho ngokusekelwe ezimpawini zakho ezithile kanye nomlando wakho wezokwelapha.

Izifutho ze-nasal corticosteroid zivame ukusebenza kangcono kune-antihistamines ekuminyanisweni kwamakhala futhi zingasetshenziswa kanye nama-antihistamines ukuze kulawulwe kangcono izimpawu. Ama-Decongestants angasiza ngokuvaleka, nakuba ngokuvamile esetshenziswa isikhathi esifushane kuphela.

Izindlela ezingezona zemithi nazo zingasiza kakhulu ekuphatheni ukugula. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukugwema izinto ezaziwayo ezibangela ukugula uma kungenzeka, ukusebenzisa izihlanzi zomoya ekhaya lakho, ukuwasha imibhede ngamanzi ashisayo masonto onke, nokugcina amafasitela avaliwe ngezinsuku ezinothuli oluningi.

Ezimweni ezinzima zokugula, udokotela wakho angase ancome i-immunotherapy (izithombe zokugula) noma ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezikhethekile. Lezi zindlela zisebenza ngokuqeqesha kancane kancane amasosha akho omzimba ukuthi angasabeli kangako ezintweni ezithile ezibangela ukugula.

Ingabe i-Antihistamine ingcono kune-Decongestants?

Ama-Antihistamines nama-decongestants asebenza ngendlela ehlukile futhi aqondise izimpawu ezihlukene zokugula, ngakho akukho okukodwa okungcono kunomunye. Ukukhetha okungcono kuncike ezimpawini zakho ezithile nokuthi umzimba wakho usabela kanjani ohlotsheni ngalunye lomuthi.

Ama-antihistamine aphumelela ekulawuleni izimpawu ezibangelwa ukukhululwa kwe-histamine, njengokuthimula, ukuluma, amakhala agobhozayo, namehlo amanzi. Aphumelela ikakhulukazi ekuphenduleni kwesikhumba futhi asebenza kahle ekuvikeleni izimpawu uma ethathwa njalo.

Ama-Decongestant asebenza kahle ekukhululeni ukuminyana kwamakhala nokucindezela kwamathambo ngoba anciphisa imithambo yegazi evuvukele emakhaleni akho. Kodwa-ke, awaqedi ezinye izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba nezinto ezithile njengokuluma noma ukuthimula, futhi awukwazi ukuwasiza isikhathi eside ngaphandle kwengozi yokuminyana okubuyayo.

Abantu abaningi bathola ukuthi imikhiqizo ehlanganisiwe equkethe ama-antihistamine nama-decongestant anikeza usizo olubanzi kakhulu. Udokotela wakho angakusiza ukuthi unqume ukuthi ngabe udinga uhlobo olulodwa lomuthi noma indlela yokuhlanganisa.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Ngama-Antihistamine

Q1. Ingabe i-Antihistamine iphephile kubantu abanomfutho wegazi ophezulu?

Ama-antihistamine amaningi aphephile kubantu abanomfutho wegazi ophezulu, kodwa kufanele ukhethe ngokucophelela futhi uthintane nodokotela wakho. Ama-antihistamine esizukulwane sesibili njenge-loratadine, cetirizine, kanye ne-fexofenadine ngokuvamile ayizinketho eziphephe kakhulu ngoba ngokuvamile awuthinti umfutho wegazi.

Kodwa-ke, kufanele ugweme imikhiqizo ehlanganisiwe equkethe ama-decongestant uma unomfutho wegazi ophezulu, njengoba ama-decongestant engakhuphula umfutho wegazi lakho. Hlola njalo amalebula ngokucophelela futhi ukhulume nomkhemisi wakho noma udokotela ngaphambi kokukhetha umuthi wokungezwani komzimba nezinto ezithile uma unezinkinga zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi.

Q2. Kufanele ngenzeni uma ngisebenzisa i-Antihistamine eningi ngengozi?

Uma ngengozi uthatha i-antihistamine eningi, ungesabi, kodwa thatha isinyathelo ngokushesha. Xhumana nodokotela wakho, umkhemisi, noma isikhungo sokulawula ubuthi ngokushesha ukuze uthole isiqondiso esisekelwe emuthini othile kanye nenani olithathile.

Izimpawu zokweqisa umthamo we-antihistamine zingabandakanya ukozela okukhulu, ukudideka, umlomo owomile, ubunzima bokuchama, noma ezimweni ezinzima, ukuquleka noma izinkinga zenhliziyo. Uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezinzima njengobunzima bokuphefumula, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile, noma ukulahlekelwa ukwazi, shayela izinsiza eziphuthumayo ngokushesha.

Gcina ibhodlela lomuthi unawo lapho ufuna usizo ukuze abahlinzeki bezempilo bazi kahle ukuthi uthatheni ini nokuthi kungakanani. Ungazami ukuzenza uhlanze ngaphandle uma uqondiswe ngqo ukuba wenze njalo ngumhlinzeki wezempilo.

Q3. Kufanele Ngenzeni Uma Ngeqa Umthamo We-Antihistamine?

Uma weqa umthamo we-antihistamine, yithathe ngokushesha lapho ukhumbula, ngaphandle uma sekuseduze isikhathi somthamo wakho olandelayo ohleliwe. Kuleso simo, weqa umthamo owuqeqile bese uqhubeka nohlelo lwakho lokulinganisa olujwayelekile.

Ungalokothi uthathe imithamo emibili ngesikhathi esisodwa ukuze ulungise umthamo owuqeqile, ngoba lokhu kungandisa ingozi yakho yemiphumela emibi. Uma uvame ukukhohlwa imithamo, cabanga ukusetha isikhumbuzi sefoni noma uthathe umuthi wakho ngesikhathi esifanayo nsuku zonke njengengxenye yomsebenzi wakho ojwayelekile.

Nge-antihistamines ethathwa njengoba kudingeka ngezimpawu, ukweqa umthamo kumane kusho ukuthi izimpawu zakho zingase zibuye noma zibe zimbi okwesikhashana. Ungathatha umthamo wakho olandelayo lapho izimpawu zivela, ulandela izikhawu zokulinganisa ezinconyiwe ephaketheni noma njengoba kuqondiswe udokotela wakho.

Q4. Ngingayeka Nini Ukuthatha I-Antihistamine?

Ngokuvamile ungaqeda ukuthatha ama-antihistamines lapho izimpawu zakho zokungezwani komzimba zilawulwa kahle futhi ukuchayeka kwakho kuma-allergens kunciphile. Ezintweni zokungezwani komzimba zesizini, lokhu kungase kube sekupheleni kwesizini ye-pollen, kuyilapho ezintweni zokungezwani komzimba zonyaka wonke, isikhathi sincike esimweni sakho ngasinye.

Uma ubuthatha ama-antihistamines nsuku zonke isikhathi eside, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuyeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kufanelekile ngesimo sakho. Abanye abantu bayazuza ekuqhubekeni nama-antihistamines anomthamo ophansi ngisho nalapho izimpawu zithambile ukuvimbela ukuqubuka.

Ngokuvamile ungaqeda ukuthatha ama-antihistamine ngokuzumayo ngaphandle kokuzwa izimpawu zokuhoxa, ngokungafani neminye imithi. Kodwa-ke, izimpawu zakho zokungezwani komzimba nazo zizobuya uma usaqhubeka nokuchayeka ezintweni ezibangela ukungezwani, ngakho-ke yiba nohlelo lokuphatha izimpawu uma ziphinda zivele.

Q5. Ngingawathatha ama-Antihistamine neminye imithi?

Ama-Antihistamine angasebenzisana neminye imithi eminingi, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukutshela udokotela wakho nomuthi ngayo yonke imithi oyithathayo. Ezinye izindlela zokusebenzisana zingakhuphula imiphumela emibi efana nobuthongo, kanti ezinye zinganciphisa ukusebenza kwemithi yakho.

Qaphela ikakhulukazi uma uthatha imithi yokukhathazeka, ukucindezeleka, izinkinga zokulala, noma ubuhlungu, ngoba ukuhlanganisa lezi nama-antihistamine kungabangela ukuthula okukhulu. Imithi yokwehlisa umfutho wegazi, ama-muscle relaxants, nama-antibiotics athile nawo angasebenzisana nama-antihistamine.

Njalo hlola nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ngaphambi kokwengeza noma iyiphi imithi emisha, okuhlanganisa imithi etholakala ngaphandle kwe-oda kanye nezithasiselo, ohlelweni lwakho. Gcina uhlu olusha lwazo zonke izidakamizwa zakho bese ululetha ekuqokweni kwezokwelapha ukusiza ekuvimbeleni ukusebenzisana okuyingozi.