Yini i-Antimyasthenic: Ukusetshenziswa, Umthamo, Imiphumela Eceleni nokuningi

Imithi ye-Antimyasthenic iyimithi ekhethekile eyenzelwe ukusiza abantu abane-myasthenia gravis, isimo lapho imisipha iba buthakathaka futhi ikhathele kalula. Le mithi isebenza ngokuthuthukisa ukuxhumana phakathi kwemizwa yakho nemisipha, okusiza ukubuyisela amandla nokunciphisa ukukhathala. Cabanga ngabo njengabasizi abenza amasignali emisipha yakho aqine futhi acace, okukuvumela ukuthi uhambe ngokujwayelekile usuku lonke.

Yini i-Antimyasthenic?

I-Antimyasthenic ibhekisela eqenjini lemithi eliphatha ngqo i-myasthenia gravis nezimo ezihlobene nobuthakathaka bemisipha. Umuthi ovame kakhulu we-antimyasthenic yi-pyridostigmine (igama lomkhiqizo i-Mestinon), nakuba i-neostigmine nayo isetshenziswa ezimweni ezithile.

Le mithi ingeyigaba elibizwa ngokuthi ama-cholinesterase inhibitors, okuzwakala kuyinkimbinkimbi kodwa kumane kusho ukuthi asiza ukugcina isithunywa samakhemikhali esibizwa nge-acetylcholine. Leli khemikhali libalulekile ukuthi imizwa yakho ixhumane ngempumelelo nemisipha yakho. Uma une-myasthenia gravis, umzimba wakho ngokungafanele uhlasela izamukeli ezithola lezi zimpawu zemizwa, okuholela ebuthakathakeni bemisipha.

Imithi ye-Antimyasthenic ayiyelaphi i-myasthenia gravis, kodwa ingathuthukisa kakhulu izimpawu zakho nekhwalithi yempilo. Abantu abaningi bathola ukuthi bangabuyela emisebenzini ejwayelekile ngokwelashwa okufanele kanye nokulinganisa.

Yini i-Antimyasthenic Esetshenziselwa Yona?

Imithi ye-Antimyasthenic ngokuyinhloko iphatha i-myasthenia gravis, kodwa futhi isetshenziselwa ezinye izimo eziningana ezibandakanya ubuthakathaka bemisipha. Udokotela wakho angase akunike le mithi uma uhlangabezana nokukhathala kwemisipha okungachazeki noma ubuthakathaka obuba sibi ngokwenza umsebenzi.

Izimo eziyinhloko le mithi esiza ngazo zihlanganisa i-myasthenia gravis, lapho amasosha omzimba wakho ehlasela izamukeli zemisipha, kanye ne-Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome, isimo esingavamile esithinta ukuxhumana kwemizwa nemisipha. Ngezinye izikhathi odokotela basebenzisa le mithi ukuguqula imiphumela yezithuthukisi zemisipha ezithile ezisetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa.

Kwezinye izimo, imithi elwa ne-antimyasthenic isiza ngezinye izimo ze-neuromuscular ezifana ne-congenital myasthenic syndromes, okuyizifo eziguliswa ngofuzo ezithinta ukusebenza kwemisipha. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzonquma ukuthi le mithi ilungele isimo sakho esithile ngokuya ngezimpawu zakho nemiphumela yokuhlolwa.

Isebenza Kanjani I-Antimyasthenic?

Imithi ye-Antimyasthenic isebenza ngokuvimba i-enzyme ebizwa nge-acetylcholinesterase, evame ukwehlisa i-acetylcholine. Ngokuvimbela lokhu kwehliswa, i-acetylcholine eningi ihlala itholakala ukuze ivuselele imisipha yakho, ithuthukise amandla nokusebenza kwayo.

Lezi zithathwa njengemithi enamandla aphakathi nendawo engahlinzeka ngokuqeda izimpawu ezibalulekile kubantu abane-myasthenia gravis. Ukuthuthuka kuvamile ukwenzeka kungakapheli imizuzu engama-30-60 ngemva kokuthatha imithi, futhi imiphumela ivamise ukuhlala amahora ama-3-6 kuye ngemithi ethile nokusabela kwakho ngakunye.

Amandla emithi ye-antimyasthenic asho ukuthi idinga ukulinganiswa nokugadwa ngokucophelela. Udokotela wakho uzoqala ngomthamo ophansi bese ewulungisa kancane kancane ngokusekelwe ekutheni usabela kahle kangakanani nanoma yimaphi imiphumela emibi oyitholayo. Ukuthola ibhalansi efanele kuthatha isikhathi, futhi okusebenza kahle kakhulu kungahluka kumuntu nomuntu.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Kanjani I-Antimyasthenic?

Imithi eminingi ye-antimyasthenic iza ngamaphilisi omlomo noma uketshezi oluthathwa ngomlomo, nakuba ezinye izimo zidinga imijovo. Udokotela wakho uzokunikeza imiyalelo ethile mayelana nesikhathi nokulinganiswa okwenzelwe izidingo zakho ngazinye kanye nomsebenzi wansuku zonke.

Ngezindlela zomlomo, ungathatha le mithi ngaphandle noma ngaphandle kokudla, kodwa ukuyithatha nesnakhi esincane kungasiza ekunciphiseni isisu esibuhlungu. Abanye abantu bathola ukuthi ukuthatha umuthi cishe imizuzu engama-30 ngaphambi kokudla kubasiza ukuba bahlafune futhi bagwinye kalula. Uma uhlangabezana nesicanucanu, zama ukuyithatha ngama-crackers noma isinkwa esosiwe.

Isikhathi sibalulekile ngemithi elwa ne-antimyasthenic ngoba imiphumela yayo yesikhashana. Udokotela wakho angase ancome ukuthatha imithamo ngaphambi kwemisebenzi edinga amandla amaningi emisipha, njengokudla, ukuhamba, noma ukusebenza. Gcina isimiso esiqhubekayo ngangokunokwenzeka, kodwa ungakhathazeki uma udinga ukulungisa isikhathi ngezikhathi ezithile ngemisebenzi ebalulekile.

Uma unikezwe uhlobo lomjovo, lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka endaweni yezokwelapha noma uzothola ukuqeqeshwa okuphelele ngamasu afanele okujova. Ungalokothi ulungise umthamo wakho ngaphandle kokukhuluma nodokotela wakho kuqala, ngoba okuningi kungabangela imiphumela emibi engathi sína.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Isikhathi Esingakanani I-Antimyasthenic?

Abantu abaningi abane-myasthenia gravis badinga ukuthatha imithi ye-antimyasthenic isikhathi eside ukuze bagcine amandla emisipha nokusebenza. Lokhu akuyona ukwelashwa kwesikhashana, kodwa kunalokho ukwelashwa okuqhubekayo okusiza ukuphatha isimo sakho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Udokotela wakho uzobuyekeza njalo ukwelashwa kwakho ukuze aqiniseke ukuthi umuthi usasebenza ngempumelelo nokuthi uthatha umthamo ofanele. Abanye abantu badinga ukulungiswa ngesikhathi sokugula, ukucindezeleka, noma izinguquko empilweni yabo yonke. Umgomo uwukuthola umthamo ophansi osebenzayo ogcina izimpawu zakho zilawulwa kahle.

Ezimweni ezingavamile, abanye abantu bangase bakwazi ukunciphisa noma bayeke imithi ye-antimyasthenic uma ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezifana nemithi yokuvimbela amasosha omzimba zinikeza ukulawulwa okwanele kwezimpawu. Kodwa-ke, lesi sinqumo kufanele senziwe ngokucophelela nethimba lakho lezempilo, ngoba ukuyeka ngokushesha kungaholela ekwenzeni izimpawu zibe zimbi kakhulu eziyingozi ezibizwa ngokuthi i-myasthenic crisis.

Yiziphi Imiphumela Emibi Ye-Antimyasthenic?

Njengayo yonke imithi, imithi elwa ne-antimyasthenic ingabangela imiphumela emibi, nakuba abantu abaningi beyibekezelela kahle uma sebethole umthamo ofanele. Imiphumela emibi evame kakhulu ihlobene nokwanda komsebenzi we-acetylcholine emzimbeni wakho wonke, hhayi nje emisipheni yakho.

Nawa amanye emiphumela emibi ebikwa njalo ongase uyithole:

• Ukuphazamiseka kwesisu, isicanucanu, noma isifo sohudo
• Ukwanda kokukhiqizwa kwamathe noma ukuchitheka kwamathe
• Ukuminyana kwemisipha noma ukuthuthumela
• Ukujuluka okwengeziwe
• Ukhwehlela noma ukwanda kokukhipha izinto ngamakhala
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu noma isiyezi

Le miphumela emibi ejwayelekile ivame ukuthuthuka njengoba umzimba wakho ujwayela umuthi noma lapho udokotela wakho elungisa umthamo wakho.

Imiphumela emibi engathi sína kodwa engavamile idinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ubuhlungu obukhulu besisu, ubunzima bokuphefumula, ubuhlungu besifuba, noma izimpawu ze-cholinergic crisis (uma unomsebenzi omningi we-acetylcholine). Uma uhlangabezana nobuthakathaka bemisipha obubonakala bubi kakhulu kunokujwayelekile, lokhu kungase kubonise ukuthi awutholi umthamo owanele noma umthamo owedlulele, futhi kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho ngokushesha.

Abanye abantu bangase babe nokusabela komzimba, nakuba lokhu kungavamile. Qaphela izimpawu ezinjengokuqubuka, ukuluma, ukuvuvukala, noma ubunzima bokuphefumula, futhi funa ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo uma lokhu kwenzeka.

Ubani Ongafanele Athole i-Antimyasthenic?

Izimo ezithile zezokwelapha nezimo zenza imithi ye-antimyasthenic ingaphephile noma idinga izinyathelo zokuphepha ezikhethekile. Udokotela wakho uzobuyekeza ngokucophelela umlando wakho wezokwelapha ngaphambi kokukuchazela le mithi ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi ilungele wena.

Abantu abanezithiyo emathunjini noma emchameni akufanele bathathe imithi ye-antimyasthenic ngoba le mithi ingenza lezi zimo zibe zimbi. Uma une-asthma, izinkinga zesigqi senhliziyo, noma izilonda ze-peptic, uzodinga ukuqapha eduze njengoba le mithi ingathinta lezi zimo.

Ukukhulelwa nokuncelisa kudinga ukucatshangelwa okukhethekile, nakuba imithi elwa ne-antimyasthenic ngezinye izikhathi isetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa lapho izinzuzo zidlula izingozi. Udokotela wakho uzosebenza nawe ukuthola indlela ephephe kakhulu uma ukhulelwe noma uhlela ukukhulelwa.

Uma usebenzisa eminye imithi ethile, ikakhulukazi leyo ethinta ukusebenza kwemisipha noma isigqi senhliziyo, udokotela wakho angase adinge ukulungisa imithamo noma akuqaphele eduze. Njalo yazisa umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ngayo yonke imithi, izithasiselo, kanye nemithi yezitshalo oyithathayo.

Amagama Omkhiqizo we-Antimyasthenic

Umuthi ovame ukunqunywa kakhulu we-antimyasthenic yi-pyridostigmine, etholakala ngaphansi kwegama lomkhiqizo elithi Mestinon. Lolu uhlobo oluthathwa ngomlomo oluthathwa abantu abaningi abane-myasthenia gravis ukuze balawule izimpawu zansuku zonke.

I-Neostigmine ngomunye umuthi we-antimyasthenic ovame ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni zasemtholampilo noma ezinqubweni ezithile zezokwelapha. Itholakala njenge-Bloxiverz yokujova futhi ngezinye izikhathi isetshenziselwa ukuguqula ama-muscle relaxants ngemva kokuhlinzwa.

Ezinye izindlela zokulungiselela ziza ngezinguqulo ezikhishwe isikhathi eside ezihlala isikhathi eside, okwenza ukuthi kuthathwe imithi kaningi. Udokotela wakho uzokhetha umkhiqizo othile kanye nokulungiswa okusekelwe ezimpawini zakho, indlela yokuphila, nokuthi usabela kahle kangakanani ekwelashweni.

Ezinye izindlela ze-Antimyasthenic

Ngenkathi imithi ye-antimyasthenic ivame ukuba yindlela yokuqala yokwelapha i-myasthenia gravis, kunezindlela eziningana ezitholakalayo kubantu abangasabeli kahle noma abangakwazi ukubekezelela le mithi. Udokotela wakho angase acabangele lezi zinketho uma imithi ye-antimyasthenic inganikezi ukulawulwa okwanele kwezimpawu.

Imithi yokucindezela amasosha omzimba efana ne-prednisone, i-azathioprine, noma i-mycophenolate ingasiza ekunciphiseni ukuhlasela kwamasosha omzimba kuma-receptor emisipha. Le mithi isebenza ngendlela ehlukile emithini ye-antimyasthenic ngokubhekana nenkinga eyisisekelo yamasosha omzimba kunokumane ithuthukise ukuxhumana kwemizwa-misipha.

Ezimweni ezinzima noma eziyingozi, ukwelashwa okufana ne-plasmapheresis (ukushintshaniswa kwe-plasma) noma i-intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) kungahlinzeka ngentuthuko esheshayo. Abanye abantu bayazuza ku-thymectomy, inqubo yokuhlinzwa yokususa i-thymus gland, ikakhulu uma benethymoma noma besebancane benomyasthenia gravis ejwayelekile.

Imithi emisha efana ne-eculizumab (Soliris) kanye ne-efgartigimod (Vyvgart) inikeza ezinye izinketho kubantu abanomyasthenia gravis engaphenduli kahle abangazange baphendule ekwelashweni kwendabuko.

Ingabe i-Antimyasthenic Ingcono Kune-Edrophonium?

Imithi ye-Antimyasthenic efana ne-pyridostigmine kanye ne-edrophonium isebenza ngezinjongo ezihlukene ekwelashweni kwe-myasthenia gravis, ngakho-ke ukuziqhathanisa ngokuqondile akulula. I-Edrophonium isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi njengensiza yokuxilonga kunokuba yokwelashwa okuqhubekayo.

I-Edrophonium isebenza ngokushesha okukhulu kodwa ihlala imizuzu engaba ngu-10-15 kuphela, okwenza kube usizo ekuhloleni ukuthi ngabe othile une-myasthenia gravis kodwa akusebenzi ekuphathweni kwezimpawu zansuku zonke. Ngokuphambene, izidakamizwa ze-antimyasthenic ezifana ne-pyridostigmine zinikeza ukukhululeka okuhlala isikhathi eside okufanele ukusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke.

Ukwelashwa kwesikhathi eside, i-pyridostigmine ivame ukukhethwa ngoba inikeza ukulawulwa kwezimpawu okuqhubekayo amahora amaningana ngesikhathi. Ubude besikhathi se-Edrophonium busho ukuthi bugcinelwe izimo ezithile zokuxilonga ngaphansi kokuqashwa kwezokwelapha.

Udokotela wakho uzokhetha umuthi ofanele kakhulu ngokusekelwe ekutheni ngabe udinga ukuhlolwa kokuxilonga noma ukwelashwa okuqhubekayo kokuphathwa kwezimpawu.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana ne-Antimyasthenic

Ingabe i-Antimyasthenic Iphephile Esimeni Senhliziyo?

Imithi ye-Antimyasthenic idinga ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela uma unesifo senhliziyo, ikakhulukazi iziyaluyalu ezithile zesigqi. Le mithi ingathinta izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo nesigqi ngoba yandisa umsebenzi we-acetylcholine emzimbeni wakho wonke, hhayi nje emisipheni yakho yamathambo.

Uma une-bradycardia (ukushaya kwenhliziyo okuhamba kancane), ukuvaleka kwenhliziyo, noma ezinye izinkinga zokuhamba, udokotela wakho uzohlola izingozi nezinzuzo ngokucophelela. Ungase udinge ukuqapha kaningi noma umthamo oqala ngokuphansi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inhliziyo yakho ihlala izinzile.

Abantu abaningi abanezimo zenhliziyo ezithambile bangathatha imithi ye-antimyasthenic ngokuphepha ngokuqapha okufanele. Udokotela wakho wenhliziyo kanye nodokotela wezinzwa bazosebenzisana ukuthola indlela yokwelapha ephephe kakhulu yesimo sakho esithile.

Kufanele Ngenzeni Uma Ngisebenzisa Ngengozi I-Antimyasthenic Eningi Kakhulu?

Ukuthatha imithi ye-antimyasthenic eningi kakhulu kungabangela i-cholinergic crisis, isimo esibucayi esinezimpawu ezinjengokujuluka ngokweqile, ukuchitheka, ukuthuthumela kwemisipha, nobunzima bokuphefumula. Uma uthathe okungaphezu komthamo oqokiwe, xhumana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha noma funa ukunakekelwa kwezimo eziphuthumayo.

Ungalindi ukubona ukuthi ngabe izimpawu ziyavela yini, ikakhulukazi uma uthathe okuningi kakhulu kunokuba kuqokiwe. Ochwepheshe bezokwelapha bezimo eziphuthumayo bangahlinzeka ngemithi efanele, engase ihlanganise imithi yokulwa nomsebenzi oweqile we-acetylcholine.

Gcina ibhodlela lakho lemithi unawe lapho ufuna usizo lwezokwelapha ukuze abahlinzeki bezempilo bakwazi ukubona kahle ukuthi yini oyithathile nokuthi nini. Lolu lwazi lubasiza ukuthi banikeze ukunakekelwa okufanele kakhulu esimweni sakho.

Kufanele Ngenzeni Uma Ngiphuthelwa Umthamo We-Antimyasthenic?

Uma uphuthelwa umthamo womuthi we-antimyasthenic, wuthatha ngokushesha lapho ukhumbula, ngaphandle kokuthi sekuseduze isikhathi somthamo wakho olandelayo ohleliwe. Kuleso simo, weqa umthamo ophuthelwe bese uqhubeka neshejuli yakho ejwayelekile.

Ungalokothi uthathe umthamo ophindwe kabili ukuze ulungise lowo ophuthelwe, ngoba lokhu kungandisa ingozi yakho yemiphumela emibi. Uma uvame ukukhohlwa imithamo, cabangela ukusetha ama-alamu noma usebenzise umhleli wamaphilisi ukukusiza ukuthi uhlale emgqeni.

Ukuphuthelwa imithamo ngezikhathi ezithile ngokuvamile ngeke kubangele izinkinga ezinkulu, kodwa ungase uqaphele ukwanda kobuthakathaka bemisipha noma ukukhathala. Uma uphuthelwa imithamo eminingi noma uzizwa uba ngcono kakhulu, xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ukuze uthole isiqondiso.

Ngingayeka nini ukuthatha i-Antimyasthenic?

Akufanele uyeke ukuthatha imithi ye-antimyasthenic ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela wakho kuqala. Ukuyeka kungazelelwe kungaholela enkingeni ye-myasthenic, ukwanda kobuthakathaka bemisipha okungase kube yingozi empilweni okungathinta ukuphefumula kwakho nokugwinya.

Abanye abantu bangase bakwazi ukunciphisa umthamo wabo we-antimyasthenic uma ezinye izindlela zokwelapha njengemithi yokucindezela amasosha omzimba zinikeza ukulawulwa okwanele kwezimpawu. Kodwa-ke, lesi sinqumo sidinga ukugadwa kwezokwelapha ngokucophelela nokuncishiswa komthamo kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Udokotela wakho uzohlola njalo ukuthi usayidinga yini imithi ye-antimyasthenic nokuthi ngamuphi umthamo. Noma yiziphi izinguquko ohlelweni lwakho lokwelapha kufanele zenziwe kancane kancane futhi ngokuqapha eduze izimpawu zakho nempilo yonke.

Ngingayithatha i-Antimyasthenic neminye imithi?

Imithi ye-Antimyasthenic ingasebenzisana neminye imithi eminingi, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukutshela udokotela wakho ngayo yonke imithi, izithasiselo, kanye nemithi yezitshalo oyithathayo. Ezinye izindlela zokusebenzisana zingaba zimbi futhi zingase zidinge ukulungiswa komthamo noma ezinye izindlela zokwelapha.

Ama-antibiotics athile, imithi yenhliziyo, kanye nezikhululi zemisipha kungaphazamisa imithi ye-antimyasthenic noma kwenze izimpawu ze-myasthenia gravis zibe zimbi kakhulu. Udokotela wakho uzobuyekeza ngokucophelela noma yiziphi izincwadi ezintsha zokwelapha ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi ziphephile ukuzithatha ndawonye.

Gcina uhlu olusha lwazo zonke izidakamizwa zakho futhi uluthathe kuyo yonke imihlangano yezokwelapha. Lokhu kusiza bonke abahlinzeki bakho bezempilo ukuthi benze izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nokwelashwa kwakho futhi bagweme ukusebenzisana okungase kube yingozi.