Yini i-Antivenin (Latrodectus mactans): Ukusetshenziswa, Umthamo, Imiphumela Eceleni Nokunye

I-Antivenin (Latrodectus mactans) iyisidakamizwa esisindisa impilo esenzelwe ngqo ukwelapha ukulunywa yizinambuzane ze-black widow. Lo muthi okhethekile uqukethe ama-antibody aqeda ubuthi obunamandla obutholakala emzimbeni wezinambuzane ze-black widow, okusiza umzimba wakho ukuthi ululame kulokho okungaba isimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha.

Ukwelunywa yizinambuzane ze-black widow akuvamile, kodwa uma kwenzeka, le antivenin ingenza umehluko phakathi kokululama ngokugcwele kanye nezinkinga eziyingozi. Ukuqonda ukuthi le ndlela yokwelapha isebenza kanjani kungakusiza ukuthi uzizwe ulungiswe kangcono futhi ungakhathazeki uma uke wahlangabezana nalesi simo.

Yini i-Antivenin (Latrodectus mactans)?

I-Antivenin (Latrodectus mactans) iyisidakamizwa esikhethekile esenziwe ngama-antibody atholakala emahhashini aqondiswe ngqo ebuthini bezinambuzane ze-black widow. Umuthi usebenza ngokubopha nokuqeda ubuthi obubizwa ngokuthi i-alpha-latrotoxin, okuyingxenye eyingozi ebuthini bezinambuzane ze-black widow.

Le antivenin ikhiqizwa ngokujova amahhashi ngamanani amancane, alawulwayo ebuthi bezinambuzane ze-black widow ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Amasistimu omzimba amahhashi akha ama-antibody okulwa nobuthi, futhi lawa ma-antibody akhiphwe ngokucophelela futhi ahlanzwe ukuze kwakhiwe umuthi osindisa impilo.

I-antivenin iza njengempushana engeyona inzalo abahlinzeki bezempilo abayixuba namanzi angenayo inzalo ngaphambi kokuyinika iziguli nge-IV. Itholakala kuphela ezibhedlela nasezindaweni eziphuthumayo zezokwelapha, lapho ochwepheshe abaqeqeshiwe bengakuqapha eduze ngesikhathi sokwelashwa.

Yini i-Antivenin (Latrodectus mactans) Esetshenziselwa Yona?

Le antivenin isetshenziselwa ngqo ukwelapha ubuthi obukhulu bokulunywa yizinambuzane ze-black widow, obaziwa ngokuthi i-latrodectism ngokwezokwelapha. Abahlinzeki bezempilo bavame ukugcina lokhu kwelashwa ezimweni lapho uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezinzima ezingaba yingozi empilweni.

Umuthi uvame ukusetshenziswa uma ukulunywa yisicabucabu esingumfelokazi omnyama kubangela ubuhlungu obukhulu bemisipha, ukuqina, noma ama-spasms angaphenduli kwezinye izindlela zokwelapha. Ungase futhi uthole lo muthi uma unzima ukuphefumula, ubuhlungu obukhulu besisu, noma izinguquko eziyingozi emfutheini wegazi.

Ngezinye izikhathi odokotela bacabangela lokhu kwelapha ezigulini ezisengozini njengabantwana abancane, abantu asebekhulile, noma abantu abanezifo zenhliziyo ezingase zibe sengozini enkulu yezinkinga. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuthi umuthi ngokwawo unezingozi ezithile, ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizohlola ngokucophelela izinzuzo ngokumelene nemiphumela engemihle engase ibe khona ngaphambi kokunquma ukwelashwa.

Isebenza Kanjani I-Antivenin (Latrodectus mactans)?

Lo muthi usebenza ngokuhlasela ngokuqondile nokungathathi hlangothi ubuthi obuthile obusebuthini besicabucabu esingumfelokazi omnyama. Lapho ubuthi besicabucabu esingumfelokazi omnyama bungena ohlelweni lwakho, buhlasela izinzwa zakho futhi buphazamisa ukudluliswa okujwayelekile kwesiginali yezinzwa, okubangela ama-spasms emisipha abuhlungu nezinye izimpawu ezinzima.

Ama-antibody aku-antivenin asebenza njengama-lock akhethekile alingana kahle nezihluthulelo ezinobuthi be-venom. Uma lawa ma-antibody ebopha kuma-molecule e-venom, avimbela ubuthi ukuthi buqhubeke nokulimaza uhlelo lwakho lwezinzwa futhi avumele umzimba wakho ukuthi uqale ukuphola.

Lokhu kuthathwa njengomuthi oqinile futhi osebenza ngokushesha uma kukhulunywa ngokwelapha ukulunywa yisicabucabu. Abantu abaningi baqala ukuzwa ukukhululeka ezimpawini ezinzima kungakapheli amahora ambalwa ngemva kokuthola i-antivenin, nakuba ukululama okuphelele kungathatha izinsuku eziningana kuya emavikini kuye ngobukhulu bokulunywa.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Kanjani I-Antivenin (Latrodectus mactans)?

Awukwazi ukuthatha lo muthi wedwa - kufanele unikezwe ochwepheshe bezempilo esibhedlela noma endaweni yezokwelapha eziphuthumayo. Umuthi unikezwa ngomugqa we-intravenous (IV) ngokuqondile emgudwini wakho wegazi, okuvumela ukuthi usebenze ngokushesha emzimbeni wakho wonke.

Ngaphambi kokuthola i-antivenin, abasebenzi bezokwelapha cishe bazokwenza ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba ukuze bahlole ukuthi unokungezwani komzimba namaprotheni e-hhashi. Lokhu kuhilela ukujova inani elincane le-antivenin ngaphansi kwesikhumba sakho bese uqaphela noma yikuphi ukusabela ngaphezu kwemizuzu engu-15-20.

Ukwelashwa kwangempela kuhilela ukuxuba impushana ye-antivenin ngamanzi ahlanzekile bese ikunikeza kancane kancane nge-IV yakho emahoreni amaningana. Ngesikhathi lesi, abasebenzi bezokwelapha bazobheka izimpawu zakho ezibalulekile ngokucophelela futhi baqaphele noma yiziphi izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba noma ezinye izinkinga.

Uzodinga ukuhlala esibhedlela ngesikhathi nangemva kokwelashwa ukuze odokotela baqinisekise ukuthi i-antivenin isebenza kahle nokuthi awunazo izimpawu ezingezinhle. Akukho ukudla okukhethekile noma izidingo zokudla ngaphambi kokwelashwa, njengoba lokhu kuvame ukunikezwa ezimweni eziphuthumayo.

Ngingayithatha isikhathi esingakanani i-Antivenin (Latrodectus mactans)?

Le antivenin ivame ukunikezwa njengokwelashwa okukodwa kunokuthile okuthatha izinsuku eziningana noma amasonto. Abantu abaningi bathola umthamo owodwa nge-IV yabo, futhi lokhu ngokuvamile kwanele ukungathathi hlangothi ubuthi besicabucabu esinsundu esisistemini yabo.

Kwezinye izimo, ukulunywa okukhulu kungase kudingeke umthamo wesibili uma izimpawu zingathuthuki ngokushesha phakathi kwamahora angu-24-48. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akuvamile, futhi ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizokwenza lesi sinqumo ngokusekelwe ekutheni usabela kanjani ekwelashweni kokuqala.

Imiphumela ye-antivenin ingahlala amasonto amaningana njengoba umzimba wakho usebenza futhi uqeda kokubili ubuthi obungathathi hlangothi kanye ne-antivenin ngokwayo. Ngesikhathi lesi, cishe uzodinga ukuqokwa okulandelayo ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi uyaphola kahle futhi awuthuthukisi noma yiziphi izinkinga ezihlehlisiwe.

Yiziphi Imiphumela Eceleni ye-Antivenin (Latrodectus mactans)?

Njengayo yonke imithi, le antivenin ingabangela imiphumela emibi, nakuba ukusabela okukhulu kungavamile uma kunikezwa ochwepheshe bezokwelapha abanolwazi. Umphumela omubi ongase ukhathaze kakhulu ukusabela komzimba, njengoba i-antivenin yenziwe ngamaprotheni e-horse.

Nawa amanye imiphumela emibi evamile ongase uyithole ngesikhathi noma ngemuva nje kokwelashwa:

• Umkhuhlane olula noma amaqhafu njengoba umzimba wakho usabela ekwelashweni
• Ukuqubuka kwesikhumba noma imihuzuko eduze kwendawo yokujova
• Ukucasuka noma isisu esibuhlungu
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu noma isiyezi
• Ukuqaqamba kwemisipha noma ubuhlungu emalungeni
• Ukukhathala noma ukuzizwa ungaphilile

Lezi zimpawu zivame ukuba lula futhi zesikhashana, zixazululwa ezinsukwini ezimbalwa njengoba umzimba wakho ujwayela ukwelashwa.

Imiphumela emibi engathi sína kodwa engavamile idinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha futhi ihlanganisa:

• Ukusabela okukhulu komzimba okunzima ukuthatha umoya noma ukugwinya
• Ukuvuvukala okukhulu kobuso, izindebe, noma umphimbo
• Ukwehla okukhulu kwengcindezi yegazi
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo noma okungajwayelekile
• Ukuqubuka okubanzi noma ukuluma okukhulu

Lezi zindlela ezimbi yizo ezenza ukuthi uqashwe eduze esibhedlela ngesikhathi nangemva kokwelashwa.

Abanye abantu bangase bathuthukise okuthiwa yi-serum sickness cishe ngemva kwamasonto angu-1-2 ngemva kokuthola i-antivenin. Lokhu kusabela okubambezelekile kungabangela umkhuhlane, ubuhlungu emalungeni, kanye nokuqubuka, kodwa ngokuvamile kulula futhi kuphendula kahle ekwelashweni ngama-antihistamines noma ama-steroids uma kudingeka.

Ubani Ongafanele Athole i-Antivenin (Latrodectus mactans)?

Isinqumo sokusebenzisa le antivenin sihlanganisa ukulinganisa ngokucophelela izingozi zokulunywa yisicabucabu ngokumelene nezingozi ezingaba khona zokwelashwa ngokwako. Ngokuvamile, abantu abaziwa ukuthi banezifo ezingathi sína kuma-protein e-horse noma ukusabela okukhulu ngaphambilini emikhiqizweni efanayo ye-antivenom kungenzeka bangabi ngabantu abafanelekayo kulokhu kwelashwa.

Kodwa-ke, ezimweni ezisongela impilo, odokotela bangase bakhethe ukusebenzisa i-antivenin ngisho nakubantu abaziwa ukuthi banezifo zokungezwani komzimba, ngenkathi bethatha izinyathelo ezengeziwe zokuphatha noma yiziphi izifo zokungezwani komzimba ezingase zenzeke.

Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizobuye licabange ngesimo sakho sempilo esiphelele, okuhlanganisa noma yiziphi izimo zenhliziyo, izinkinga zamaphaphu, noma ezinye izinkinga zezokwelapha ezingase zikwenze ube sengozini enkulu yezinkinga ezivela ekulunyweni yisicabucabu noma ekwelashweni.

Ukukhulelwa akuvimbeli ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuthi uthole le antivenin uma kudingeka ngokwezokwelapha. Odokotela bazocabangela ngokucophelela izingozi kuwe nakumntwana wakho, kodwa ukwelapha ubuthi obukhulu besicabucabu esidala i-black widow ngokuvamile kuthathwa njengokubaluleke kakhulu kunezingozi ezingaba khona ze-antivenin.

Amagama Omkhiqizo we-Antivenin (Latrodectus mactans)

Le antivenin itholakala ikakhulukazi ngaphansi kwegama lomkhiqizo elithi Antivenin (Latrodectus mactans), elenziwa yi-Merck & Co. Kwezinye izilungiselelo zezokwelapha, ungase uzwe kubizwa ngokuthi

Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha odokotela abangazisebenzisa zihlanganisa imithi eqeda ubuhlungu enamandla, izidambisi zemisipha ukusiza ngokuqina kwemisipha, kanye nemithi yokulawula umfutho wegazi uma kudingeka. Lezi zindlela zokwelapha ezisekelayo zingasebenza kahle kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ekulunyweni okungathí sina.

Kwezinye izimo, odokotela bangasebenzisa i-calcium gluconate noma i-magnesium sulfate ukusiza ngokuqina kwemisipha. Ama-Benzodiazepines afana ne-diazepam angasiza futhi ukulawula ukuqina kwemisipha okukhulu nokukhathazeka okuhlobene nokulunywa.

Ukukhetha phakathi kwe-antivenin nokunakekelwa okusekelayo kuncike ekutheni izimpawu zakho zinzima kangakanani kanye nezici zakho eziyingozi. Abantu abaningi bayalulama ngokuphelele ngemithi esekelayo kuphela, kanti abanye bayayidinga ngempela i-antivenin ukuvimbela izinkinga ezinzima.

Ingabe i-Antivenin (Latrodectus mactans) Ingcono Kunezinye Izindlela Zokwelapha Ukulunywa Kwezinambuzane?

Le antivenin yenzelwe ngqo ukulunywa yizinambuzane ezinombala omnyama futhi iyindlela yokwelapha eqondiswe kakhulu etholakalayo yalolu hlobo oluthile lokungenwa yizinto ezinobuthi. Isebenza kahle kakhulu kunokunakekelwa okusekelayo okujwayelekile ezimweni ezinzima, kodwa akudingeki ukuthi ingcono kuwo wonke umuntu.

Ekulunyweni yizinambuzane ezinombala omnyama ezingathí sina, ukunakekelwa okusekelayo ngemithi eqeda ubuhlungu nezidambisi zemisipha kungase kusebenze kahle futhi kunobungozi obuncane kune-antivenin. I-antivenin ikhanya ngempela uma kubhekanwa nezimo ezinzima lapho ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zingahlinzeki ngempumuzo eyanele.

Uma kuqhathaniswa nezindlela zokwelapha zokulunywa ezinye izinambuzane, i-antivenin ngayinye iqondile kakhulu. Le antivenin yezinambuzane ezinombala omnyama ngeke isize ekulunyweni yizinambuzane ezinombala onsundu noma ezinye izinhlobo zokungenwa yizinto ezinobuthi zezinambuzane - isebenza kuphela ngokumelene nobuthi bezinambuzane ezinombala omnyama.

Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizokhetha indlela engcono kakhulu yokwelapha ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho esithile, izimpawu, kanye nesimo sempilo yonke kunokuthi lenze ngokuzenzakalelayo ukwelashwa okukodwa kunokunye.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana ne-Antivenin (Latrodectus mactans)

Ingabe i-Antivenin (Latrodectus mactans) Iphephile Kubantu Abanezifo Zenhliziyo?

Abantu abanezifo zenhliziyo bangathola lo muthi uma kudingeka ngokwezokwelapha, kodwa badinga ukuqashwa ngokucophelela okwengeziwe ngesikhathi sokwelashwa. Umuthi ngokwawo awulimazi ngqo inhliziyo, kodwa kokubili ukulunywa yisicabucabu nokwelashwa kungathinta umfutho wegazi nesilinganiso senhliziyo.

Udokotela wakho wenhliziyo nodokotela bezokwelapha eziphuthumayo bazosebenzisana ukuqapha ukusebenza kwenhliziyo yakho ngesikhathi sokwelashwa. Bangase balungise imithi yakho yenhliziyo okwesikhashana noma banikeze ukwesekwa okwengeziwe ukuze bagcine uhlelo lwakho lwe-cardiovascular luzinzile.

Ezimweni eziningi, ukwelapha ubuthi obukhulu besicabucabu esidala esibomvu kubaluleke kakhulu empilweni yakho yenhliziyo kunokugwema umuthi, ngoba ukulunywa okukhulu okungelashwanga kungabangela izinguquko eziyingozi kumfutho wegazi nesigqi senhliziyo.

Ngingenzani Uma Ngithola Umuthi Omningi Kakhulu (Latrodectus mactans)?

Awukwazi ukuthola umuthi omningi kakhulu ngengozi ngoba unikezwa kuphela ochwepheshe bezempilo abaqeqeshiwe ezindaweni ezilawulwayo zase-hospital. Ukulinganisa kubalwa ngokucophelela kusekelwe esisindweni sakho nobukhulu bezimpawu zakho.

Uma ngandlela thize iphutha lenzeka futhi wathola okuningi kunokuhlosiwe, ithimba lezokwelapha lizokuqapha ngisho nangokwengeziwe ukuze lithole izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba noma ezinye izinkinga. Akukho

Uma ngesizathu esithile udinga umthamo wesibili futhi kwaba nokulibaziseka ekuwutholeni, ithimba lakho lezokwelapha linganquma isikhathi esingcono kakhulu ngokusekelwe ezimpawini zakho zamanje nokuthi usabele kanjani emthomeni wokuqala.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uthole i-antivenin lapho odokotela bakho benquma ukuthi kuyadingeka ngokwezokwelapha, kunokukhathazeka ngamashejuli esikhathi aqondile.

Ngingayeka nini ukuthatha i-Antivenin (Latrodectus mactans)?

Le antivenin ivamise ukunikezwa njengokwelashwa kwesikhathi esisodwa, ngakho-ke akukho umuthi oqhubekayo okufanele uyeke. Uma usuthola umthamo nge-IV yakho, i-antivenin iyaqhubeka nokusebenza ohlelweni lwakho amasonto amaningana njengoba umzimba wakho uyicubungula.

Inqubo yakho yokululama izoqashwa ngokuqokwa okulandelayo, kodwa ngeke uthathe noma yimuphi umuthi oqhubekayo we-antivenin ekhaya. Ukugxila kushintshela ekunakekelweni okusekelayo nokubuka noma yiziphi izinkinga ezihlehlisiwe noma ukusabela.

Abanye abantu bangase badinge umthamo wesibili uma izimpawu zabo zingathuthuki ngokwanele, kodwa lesi sinqumo senziwa ithimba lakho lezokwelapha ngokusekelwe ekuphenduleni kwakho komtholampilo, hhayi eshedyulini esinqunyiwe.

Ngingashayela ngemva kokuthola i-Antivenin (Latrodectus mactans)?

Akufanele ushayele okungenani amahora angu-24-48 ngemva kokuthola le antivenin, futhi mhlawumbe isikhathi eside kuye ngokuthi uzizwa kanjani. Kokubili ukulunywa yisicabucabu nokwelashwa kungabangela isiyezi, ubuthakathaka, nezinye izimpawu ezenza ukushayela kungaphephile.

Udokotela wakho uzokunikeza isiqondiso esiqondile mayelana nokuthi kuphephile nini ukuqala kabusha imisebenzi evamile efana nokushayela ngokusekelwe ekululameni kwakho komuntu ngamunye. Abanye abantu bazizwa bejwayelekile ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, kanti abanye badinga isonto noma ngaphezulu ukuze balulame ngokugcwele.

Kubalulekile ukuthi othile atholakale ukuze akuqhubele ekhaya esibhedlela futhi akusize ngemisebenzi yansuku zonke ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala ngemva kokwelashwa. Ungaphuthumi ukubuyela ekushayeleni uze uqiniseke ukuthi ungasabela ngokushesha nangokuphepha.