Yini i-Atazanavir: Ukusetshenziswa, Umthamo, Imiphumela Eceleni nokuningi

I-Atazanavir iyimithi kadokotela eyisigaba semithi ebizwa ngokuthi ama-protease inhibitors, aklanyelwe ngqo ukwelapha ukutheleleka nge-HIV. Le mithi isebenza ngokuvimba i-enzyme ebalulekile edingwa yi-HIV ukuze iphindaphindeke emzimbeni wakho, okusiza ukulawula igciwane nokuvikela amasosha akho omzimba.

Uma wena noma othile omkhathalelayo enikwe i-atazanavir, cishe ufuna imininingwane ecacile, eqotho mayelana nokuthi yini ongayilindela. Ake sihambe kukho konke okudingeka ukwazi ngale mithi ebalulekile ye-HIV ngendlela ezizwa ilawuleka futhi iqinisekisa.

Yini i-Atazanavir?

I-Atazanavir iyimithi elwa negciwane elisiza ekuphatheni ukutheleleka nge-HIV ngokuphazamisa ikhono legciwane lokuzala. Cabanga ngayo njengokubeka amabhuleki enqubweni yokwanda kwe-HIV, enikeza amasosha akho omzimba ithuba lokuhlala eqinile futhi enempilo.

Le mithi isetshenziswa njalo njengengxenye yokwelashwa okuhlanganisiwe, okusho ukuthi ithathwa kanye neminye imithi ye-HIV ukuze kwakhiwe indlela yokwelapha ebanzi. Udokotela wakho ngeke nanini anikeze i-atazanavir yodwa ngoba i-HIV ingakwazi ukuthuthukisa ukumelana nemithi eyodwa ngokushesha.

I-Atazanavir iza ngesimo samaphilisi futhi ithathwa ngomlomo, ngokuvamile kanye ngosuku. Ithathwa njengenketho yokwelapha esungulwe kahle esize abantu abaningi abane-HIV ukuthi bagcine impilo yabo nekhwalithi yempilo yabo eminyakeni edlule.

Isetshenziselwani i-Atazanavir?

I-Atazanavir isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ukwelapha ukutheleleka nge-HIV-1 kubantu abadala kanye nezingane ezinobunzima obungamakhilogremu angama-35 (cishe amaphawundi angama-77). Iyingxenye ebalulekile yalokho odokotela abakubiza ngokuthi ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo kwe-antiretroviral, noma i-HAART, ehlanganisa imithi eminingi ukuze icindezele ngempumelelo igciwane.

Inhloso enkulu yokwelashwa nge-atazanavir ukunciphisa ukulayishwa kwakho ngegciwane, okuyinani le-HIV egazini lakho, liye ezingeni elingabonakali. Uma ukulayishwa kwakho ngegciwane kungabonakali, kusho ukuthi imithi isebenza kahle ukulawula igciwane, futhi awukwazi ukudlulisela i-HIV kwabanye ngokuxhumana ngocansi.

Udkt wakho angase akunikeze i-atazanavir njengengxenye yokwelashwa kwakho kokuqala kwe-HIV, noma angase akushintshele kuyo kwenye imithi uma ukwelashwa kwakho kwamanje kungasebenzi kahle njengoba bekulindelekile. Isinqumo sincike ezintweni ezifana nempilo yakho yamanje, eminye imithi oyithathayo, nokuthi usabele kahle kangakanani ekwelashweni kwangaphambilini.

Isebenza Kanjani I-Atazanavir?

I-Atazanavir isebenza ngokugxila ku-enzyme ethile ebizwa nge-HIV protease, okuyinto igciwane eliyidingayo ukuze lenze amakhophi amasha awo. Ngokuvimba le enzyme, i-atazanavir ivimbela i-HIV ekuhlanganiseni izinhlayiya zegciwane ezivuthiwe, ezinamathuba okuthelela ezingasakazeka emzimbeni wakho wonke.

Le mithi ithathwa njengemithi enamandla ngokulinganisela phakathi kwemithi ye-HIV, okusho ukuthi iyasebenza kodwa isebenza kahle uma ihlanganiswe neminye imithi elwa negciwane. Indlela yokuhlanganisa iqinisekisa ukuthi ngisho noma i-HIV izama ukuthola izindlela zokuzungeza umuthi owodwa, eminye imithi ekwelashweni kwakho ingakwazi ukuyilawula.

Kuvamile ukuthatha amasonto amaningana ukubona imiphumela ephelele ye-atazanavir emsebenzini wakho wegazi. Udkt wakho uzoqapha ukulayishwa kwakho ngegciwane kanye nenani le-CD4 njalo ukuze aqiniseke ukuthi imithi isebenza kahle futhi isiza ukuqinisa amasosha akho omzimba ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Kanjani I-Atazanavir?

I-Atazanavir kufanele ithathwe ngendlela eqondile njengoba udkt wakho ekunikeza, ngokuvamile kanye ngosuku ngokudla. Ukuyithatha nokudla noma ukudla okulula okukhulu kusiza umzimba wakho ukuba umunce imithi ngempumelelo futhi kunciphisa ithuba lokucasuka kwesisu.

Isikhathi somthamo wakho sibaluleke kakhulu nge-atazanavir. Zama ukuyithatha ngesikhathi esifanayo nsuku zonke ukuze ugcine amazinga aqhubekayo egazini lakho. Abantu abaningi bakuthola kuwusizo ukuxhuma umthamo wabo emsebenzini wansuku zonke, njengokudla isidlo sasekuseni noma isidlo sakusihlwa.

Gwinya amaphilisi wonke ngamanzi noma esinye isiphuzo. Ungawachobozi, uwahlafune, noma uvule amaphilisi, ngoba lokhu kungathinta indlela umuthi omonyelwa ngayo futhi kunganciphisa ukusebenza kwawo.

Uma futhi uthatha eminye imithi ethile, udokotela wakho angase ancome ukuthatha i-atazanavir ne-ritonavir, omunye umuthi osiza ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwe-atazanavir. Le nhlanganisela ivame ukunqunywa ndawonye ukuze kuqinisekiswe imiphumela yokwelashwa engcono kakhulu.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Isikhathi Esingakanani I-Atazanavir?

I-Atazanavir ngokuvamile iyindlela yokwelapha yesikhathi eside okuzodingeka uyiqhubeke uma nje ilawula ngempumelelo ukutheleleka kwakho nge-HIV. Abantu abaningi bayithatha unomphela, njengoba ukuyeka ukwelashwa kwe-HIV kungavumela igciwane ukuthi liphindaphindeke ngokushesha futhi kulimaze amasosha akho omzimba.

Udokotela wakho uzohlola njalo intuthuko yakho ngokusebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuhlola umthwalo wakho wegciwane kanye nenani le-CD4. Uma i-atazanavir iqhubeka nokusebenza kahle kuwe ngaphandle kokubangela imiphumela emibi, cishe uzohlala kuyo iminyaka.

Nokho, kunezikhathi lapho udokotela wakho engase ancome ukushintshela emuthini ohlukile. Lokhu kungenzeka uma uthola imiphumela emibi ethinta izinga lempilo yakho, uma umuthi uyeka ukusebenza ngempumelelo, noma uma izinketho zokwelapha ezintsha zitholakala ezingase zisebenze kangcono esimweni sakho esithile.

Ungayeki ukuthatha i-atazanavir ngokuzumayo noma ngaphandle kokukhuluma nodokotela wakho kuqala. Noma ngabe uzizwa umuhle, umuthi usebenza ngemuva kwezigcawu ukuze ugcine umthwalo wakho wegciwane ucindezelwe, futhi ukuwuyeka kungazelelwe kungaholela ekubuyeni okusheshayo kwamazinga e-HIV.

Yiziphi Imiphumela Eceleni ye-Atazanavir?

Njengazo zonke izidakamizwa, i-atazanavir ingabangela imiphumela emibi, nakuba abantu abaningi beyibekezelela kahle. Ukuqonda okulindelekile kungakusiza ukuthi uzizwe ulungile futhi wazi ukuthi unxuse nini ukwesekwa yithimba lakho lezempilo.

Imiphumela emibi evame kakhulu ivamise ukuba mnene futhi ivame ukuthuthuka njengoba umzimba wakho ujwayela umuthi emasontweni ambalwa okuqala kokwelashwa.

Imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile ongase uyithole ihlanganisa:

• Ukucasuka noma ukungakhululeki esiswini, ikakhulukazi emasontweni ambalwa okuqala
• Ikhanda noma isiyezi esincane
• Ukukhathala noma ukuzizwa ukhathele kunokujwayelekile
• Ukuphuzi kwesikhumba noma amehlo (i-jaundice), okuvame ukuba mnene futhi kubuyele emuva
• Ushintsho endleleni amafutha asatshalaliswa ngayo emzimbeni wakho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi
• Ukuqunjelwa noma izinguquko ekuhambeni kwamathumbu

I-jaundice eyenzeka ngezinye izikhathi nge-atazanavir ngokuvamile ayinabungozi, kodwa ingabonakala futhi ikhathaze. Lokhu kwenzeka ngoba i-atazanavir ingakhuphula okwesikhashana amazinga e-bilirubin egazini lakho, okubangela umbala ophuzi.

Imiphumela emibi engavamile kodwa ebucayi edinga ukunakekelwa kwezempilo ngokushesha ihlanganisa:

• Ubuhlungu obukhulu besisu, obungabonisa izinkinga ze-gallbladder noma izinso
• Ukuphuma kwegazi okungajwayelekile noma ukuqaqeka
• Izimpawu zezinkinga zesibindi njengomchamo omnyama, isicanucanu esibi, noma ukukhathala okuqhubekayo
• Amathambo ezinso noma ubuhlungu obukhulu emhlane
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile noma ubuhlungu besifuba
• Ukuphendula kwesikhumba okukhulu noma ukuqubuka

Le miphumela emibi ebucayi ayivamile, kodwa kubalulekile ukwazi izimpawu zokuxwayisa ukuze uthole usizo ngokushesha uma kudingeka. Udokotela wakho uzokuhlola njalo ngezivivinyo zegazi ukuze abambe noma yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ekuqaleni.

Ubani Ongafanele Athathe I-Atazanavir?

I-Atazanavir ayilungelwe wonke umuntu, futhi udokotela wakho uzocabangela ngokucophelela umlando wakho wezokwelapha kanye nesimo sakho sempilo yamanje ngaphambi kokuyinika. Abanye abantu badinga ukuyigwema le mithi noma bayisebenzise ngokuqapha okwengeziwe.

Akufanele uthathe i-atazanavir uma unenkinga yokungezwani nayo noma nganoma yiziphi izithako zayo. Izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba zingabandakanya ukuqubuka, ukuluma, ukuvuvukala, isiyezi esikhulu, noma ukungaphefumuli kahle.

Abantu ngokuvamile okungafanele bathathe i-atazanavir bahlanganisa labo abane:

• Isifo sesibindi esibi noma ukwehluleka kwesibindi
• Izinkinga ezithile zokushaya kwenhliziyo
• Isifo sezinso esibi
• Ukungezwani komzimba okukhulu ngaphambilini kuma-protease inhibitors

Ukuqapha okukhethekile kuyadingeka uma une:

• Izinkinga zesibindi ezimaphakathi nendawo, okuhlanganisa i-hepatitis B noma C
• Amathambo ezinso noma isifo sezinso
• Isifo sikashukela noma ushukela ogcwele egazini
• Isifo senhliziyo noma izinkinga zokushaya kwenhliziyo
• Izifo zokuphuma igazi njenge-hemophilia
• Isifo se-gallbladder

Ukukhulelwa kudinga ukucatshangelwa okukhethekile nge-atazanavir. Ngenkathi ingasetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa lapho izinzuzo zidlula izingozi, udokotela wakho uzodinga ukukuqapha wena nomntwana wakho ngokucophelela. Umuthi ungangena obisini lwebele, ngakho izinqumo zokuncelisa kufanele zixoxwe nethimba lakho lezempilo.

Amagama Omkhiqizo we-Atazanavir

Igama lomkhiqizo le-atazanavir yi-Reyataz, ekhiqizwa yi-Bristol-Myers Squibb. Lena inguqulo evame kakhulu ukunqunywa yodokotela yomuthi futhi yilena ozoyithola emathambeni amaningi.

Izinhlobo ezivamile ze-atazanavir nazo ziyatholakala, eziqulathe isithako esifanayo esisebenzayo futhi zisebenza ngempumelelo njengenguqulo yegama lomkhiqizo. Umshuwalense wakho ungase ukhethe inguqulo ejwayelekile, engasiza ukunciphisa izindleko zakho eziphuma ephaketheni.

Noma ngabe uthola i-Reyataz yegama lomkhiqizo noma i-generic atazanavir, umuthi usebenza ngendlela efanayo futhi unempumelelo efanayo. Usokhemisi wakho angakusiza ukuthi uqonde ukuthi iyiphi inguqulo oyitholayo futhi aphendule noma yimiphi imibuzo mayelana nokwehluka.

Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha i-Atazanavir

Uma i-atazanavir ingasebenzi kahle kuwe noma idala imiphumela engemihle, imithi eminingi ehlukile ye-HIV inganikeza izinzuzo ezifanayo. Udokotela wakho uzocabangela isimo sakho esithile, okuhlanganisa iphethini yakho yokumelana negciwane kanye nezinye izimo zempilo, lapho ehlola ezinye izindlela zokwelapha.

Ezinye izithiyo ze-protease ezingase zicatshangelwe zihlanganisa:

• Darunavir (Prezista), evame ukubekezelelwa kahle futhi isebenza kahle kakhulu
• Lopinavir/ritonavir (Kaletra), nakuba le nhlanganisela inemiphumela eminingi emibi
• Fosamprenavir (Lexiva), enye inketho yeziguli ezinolwazi lokwelashwa

Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezingezona izithiyo ze-protease zihlanganisa:

• Izithiyo ze-Integrase ezifana ne-dolutegravir (Tivicay) noma i-raltegravir (Isentress)
• Izithiyo ze-Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase ezifana ne-efavirenz (Sustiva)
• Izithiyo zokungena ezifana ne-maraviroc (Selzentry) zezinhlobo ezithile zamagciwane

Abantu abaningi namuhla baqala ngohlelo olusekelwe ku-integrase inhibitor ngoba bavame ukuba nemiphumela emibi embalwa futhi basebenza ngempumelelo kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, i-atazanavir iseyindlela ebalulekile, ikakhulu kubantu abaye baqala ukumelana nezinye izigaba zemithi.

Ingabe i-Atazanavir ingcono kune-Lopinavir?

Kokubili i-atazanavir ne-lopinavir ziyizithiyo ze-protease ezisebenzayo, kodwa zinezinto ezihlukene eziwusizo nezingezinhle ezenza enye ifaneleke kakhulu kunenye kuye ngesimo sakho.

I-Atazanavir ngokuvamile iyathandwa ngoba ithathwa kanye ngosuku, okwenza kube lula ukunamathela esimisweni sakho sokwelashwa. Futhi ivame ukubangela imiphumela emibi emincane emathunjini njengokuhuda nesicanucanu uma iqhathaniswa ne-lopinavir.

Kodwa-ke, i-lopinavir (evame ukunikezwa nge-ritonavir njenge-Kaletra) ingase ithandwe ezimweni ezithile, njengalapho umuntu enezindlela ezithile zokumelana nemithi noma lapho i-atazanavir ingabekezeleleki kahle. I-Lopinavir nayo inerekhodi elide lokusetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.

Ukukhetha phakathi kwale mithi kuncike ezintweni ezifana nomlando wakho wokwelashwa wangaphambilini, eminye imithi oyithathayo, izintandokazi zakho zokuphila, nokuthi ukubekezelela kahle kangakanani inketho ngayinye. Udokotela wakho uzokusiza ukuthi ulinganise lezi zinto ukuze ukhethe ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kwezidingo zakho ezithile.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana ne-Atazanavir

Ingabe i-Atazanavir iphephile kubantu abanezifo zesibindi?

I-Atazanavir ingasetshenziswa kubantu abanezifo zesibindi ezingathí sina, kodwa idinga ukuqapha ngokucophelela futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukulungiswa kwemithamo. Udokotela wakho uzodinga ukuhlola ukusebenza kwesibindi sakho njalo ngemivivinyo yegazi ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi imithi ayibangeli ukucindezeleka okwengeziwe esibindini.

Uma une-hepatitis B noma C kanye ne-HIV, i-atazanavir isengaba yindlela, kodwa ithimba lakho lezempilo lizokubheka eduze izimpawu zezinkinga zesibindi. Abantu abanezifo zesibindi ezinzima noma ukwehluleka kwesibindi ngokuvamile abakwazi ukuthatha i-atazanavir ngokuphepha.

Ngingenzani uma ngiphuthelwa ngithatha i-Atazanavir eningi kakhulu?

Uma ngengozi uthatha i-atazanavir eningi kakhulu kunaleyo ebekiwe, xhumana nodokotela wakho noma isikhungo sokulawula ubuthi ngokushesha, ngisho noma uzizwa ulungile. Ukuthatha okuningi kakhulu kungakhuphula ingozi yakho yemiphumela emibi engathi sína, ikakhulukazi izinkinga zesigqi senhliziyo.

Ungazami "ukulungisa" ukuthatha okuningi ngokweqa umthamo wakho olandelayo. Kunalokho, landela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho mayelana nokuthi ungaqala nini kabusha isimiso sakho esijwayelekile sokulinganisa. Gcina umkhondo wokuthi ukweqisa kwenzeke nini ukuze ukwazi ukunikeza lolu lwazi eqenjini lakho lezempilo.

Kufanele ngenzeni uma ngiphuthelwa umthamo we-Atazanavir?

Uma uphuthelwa umthamo we-atazanavir, yithathe ngokushesha lapho ukhumbula, uma nje kungaphakathi kwamahora angu-12 esikhathini sakho esijwayelekile sokulinganisa. Uma sekudlule amahora angaphezu kwangu-12, weqa umthamo ophuthelwe bese uthatha umthamo wakho olandelayo ngesikhathi esijwayelekile.

Ungalokothi uphinde kabili imithamo ukuze ulungise okushodayo, ngoba lokhu kungakhuphula ingozi yakho yemiphumela emibi. Uma uvame ukukhohlwa imithamo, khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana namaqhinga okukusiza ukuthi ukhumbule, njengabahleli bamaphilisi noma izikhumbuzi ze-smartphone.

Ngingayeka nini ukuthatha i-Atazanavir?

Kufanele uyeke kuphela ukuthatha i-atazanavir ngaphansi kwesiqondiso sikadokotela wakho, ngokuvamile lapho ushintshela kwenye indlela yokwelapha i-HIV. Ungalokothi uyeke ukuyithatha ngokwakho, ngisho noma uzizwa umuhle, ngoba lokhu kungaholela ekubuyeni okusheshayo kwegciwane kanye nentuthuko engaba khona yokumelana nemithi.

Udkt wakho angase ancome ukuyeka i-atazanavir uma uthola imiphumela emibi engathuthuki, uma imithi iyeka ukusebenza ngempumelelo, noma uma ushintshela enkethweni yokwelapha entsha, elula. Noma yiziphi izinguquko ekwelashweni kwakho kwe-HIV kufanele zihlelwe ngokucophelela futhi ziqashwe.

Ngingayithatha i-Atazanavir neminye imithi?

I-Atazanavir ingasebenzisana neminye imithi eminingi, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukutshela udokotela wakho ngakho konke okuthathayo, okuhlanganisa imithi kadokotela, imithi etholakala ngaphandle kwe-oda, kanye nezithasiselo. Ezinye izindlela zokusebenzisana zingaba zimbi futhi zidinga ukulungiswa komthamo noma ezinye izindlela zokwelapha.

Imithi ejwayelekile esebenzisana ne-atazanavir ihlanganisa ama-antacid athile, ama-proton pump inhibitors, ama-antibiotics athile, neminye imithi eminingi. Udokotela wakho nomuthi wakho bazobuyekeza yonke imithi yakho ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi kukhona ukuhlanganiswa okuphephile futhi kungase kudingeke ukuthi balungise isikhathi noma imithamo ukuze bavimbele ukusebenzisana.