Yini i-Avacincaptad-pegol: Ukusetshenziswa, Umthamo, Imiphumela Eceleni nokuningi

I-Avacincaptad-pegol iyikhambi elisha elenzelwe ukwelapha i-geographic atrophy, uhlobo oluthuthukile lwe-dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Lokhu kwelashwa okusha kusebenza ngokugxila kumaprotheni e-complement emehlweni akho abamba iqhaza ekuqhubekeleni phambili kokulahlekelwa umbono.

Uma wena noma othile omthandayo etholiwe ukuthi une-geographic atrophy, cishe uzizwa ukhungathekile ngamagama ezokwelapha nezinketho zokwelapha. Lo muthi umelele isinyathelo esibalulekile ekwelapheni isimo esasinezinqumo zokwelapha ezilinganiselwe ngaphambili.

Yini i-Avacincaptad-pegol?

I-Avacincaptad-pegol ngumuthi ongajovwa okungowesigaba semithi ebizwa ngokuthi ama-complement inhibitors. Yenzelwe ngqo ukunciphisa ukuqhubeka kwe-geographic atrophy, okuyisigaba esithuthukile se-dry AMD esibangela ukulahlekelwa umbono unomphela.

Umuthi usebenza ngokuvimba amaprotheni athile ohlelweni lwakho lomzimba lokuzivikela ekuhlaseleni amangqamuzana anempilo ku-retina yakho ngempela. Cabanga ngakho njengokubeka amabhuleki ekuphenduleni komzimba okusebenza ngokweqile okulimaza umbono wakho. Le ndlela eqondiwe isiza ukugcina amaseli abonayo ukukhanya ku-macula yakho, ingxenye yamehlo akho enesibopho sombono obukhali, ophakathi.

Udokotela wamehlo wakho ulawula lokhu kwelashwa ngqo emehlweni akho ngenaliti encane kakhulu. Ngenkathi lokhu kungase kuzwakale kukhathaza, inqubo yenziwa ngaphansi kwezimo eziyinyumba ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia yendawo ukunciphisa ukungakhululeki.

Isetshenziselwani i-Avacincaptad-pegol?

I-Avacincaptad-pegol ivunyelwe ngqo ukwelapha i-geographic atrophy yesibili ekugugeni okuhlobene ne-macular degeneration. Lesi simo sithinta i-macula, sidala amabala ayizimpumputhe embonweni wakho ophakathi okhula kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

I-geographic atrophy yenzeka lapho amaseli e-retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) eshona, eshiya izindawo ze-retina yakho zingakwazi ukusebenza kahle. Lezi zindawo ezifile zivela njengamabala amnyama noma alahlekile embonweni wakho, okwenza kube nzima ukufunda, ukuqhuba, noma ukubona ubuso. Umuthi usiza ukunciphisa le nqubo yokufa kwamaseli, okungenzeka ukuthi ilondoloze okuningi kombono wakho osele.

Udkt wakho ngokuvamile uzoncoma lokhu kwelashwa lapho ezinye izinhlobo zokuphathwa kwe-AMD zinganele. Akuyona ikhambi, kodwa kunalokho indlela yokusiza ukugcina izinga lakho lamanje lombono isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka.

Isebenza Kanjani I-Avacincaptad-pegol?

I-Avacincaptad-pegol isebenza ngokuvimbela i-complement factor C5, iphrotheni edlala indima ebalulekile ekuphenduleni komzimba wakho. Ku-geographic atrophy, le ngxenye yesistimu yokuzivikela emzimbeni iba ngaphezu kwamandla futhi iqala ukuhlasela amaseli e-retinal anempilo.

Umuthi uthathwa njengenketho yokwelapha enamandla ngokulinganisela ye-AMD. Iqondiswe kakhulu kunezinye izidakamizwa zesistimu kodwa idinga imijovo ejwayelekile ukuze igcine ukusebenza kwayo. Ingxenye ethi "pegol" yegama layo ikhomba ukuthi ishintshiwe nge-polyethylene glycol, esiza umuthi ukuthi uhlale usebenza esweni lakho isikhathi eside.

Ngokuvimba i-complement C5, umuthi unciphisa ukuvuvukala nokufa kwamaseli ku-retina yakho. Le nqubo isiza ukunciphisa ukukhula kwamanxeba e-geographic atrophy, okungenzeka ukuthi ilondoloze okuningi kombono wakho osebenzayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Kanjani I-Avacincaptad-pegol?

I-Avacincaptad-pegol inikezwa njengomjovo we-intravitreal, okusho ukuthi udkt wakho wamehlo uyawujova ngqo emgodini we-vitreous weso lakho. Awukwazi ukuthatha lo muthi ngomlomo noma uwusebenzise njengamaconsi esweni.

Ngaphambi komjovo wakho, udkt wakho uzohlanza indawo ezungeze iso lakho futhi asebenzise amaconsi okubulala ubuhlungu ukuze anciphise ukungakhululeki. Umjovo ngokwawo uthatha imizuzwana embalwa nje, nakuba lonke i-aphoyintimenti lingathatha imizuzu engama-30 kuya ehora elilodwa okuhlanganisa ukulungiselela nokuqapha.

Akudingeki ukuthi uzile ngaphambi kokwelashwa, kodwa kuyasiza ukudla ukudla okulula ngaphambi kwalokho ukuvimbela ukuzizwa unesiyezi. Gwema ukugqoka izimonyo zamehlo ngosuku lokujova kwakho, ngoba lokhu kungaphazamisa inqubo yokulungiselela engeyona inzalo.

Ngemuva kokujova, ungase uhlangabezane nombono ongaboni kahle okwesikhashana noma ukungakhululeki okuncane. Le miphumela ngokuvamile ixazululwa emahoreni ambalwa. Udokotela wakho uzohlinzeka ngemiyalelo ethile yokunakekela ngemuva, okuhlanganisa ukuthi ungaqala nini imisebenzi ejwayelekile.

Kufanele Ngithathe Isikhathi Esingakanani I-Avacincaptad-pegol?

Uhlelo olujwayelekile lokwelashwa nge-avacincaptad-pegol luhlanganisa imijovo njalo ngenyanga noma njalo ngemva kwenyanga, kuye ngesimo sakho esithile nokuphendula ekwelashweni. Udokotela wakho wamehlo uzonquma imvamisa eqondile ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zakho.

Iziguli eziningi ziqhubeka nokwelashwa unomphela, njengoba i-geographic atrophy iyisimo esingapheli, esiqhubekayo. Ukuyeka ukwelashwa kungavumela isifo ukuthi siqhubeke ngokushesha, okungenzeka kuholele ekulahlekelweni kombono okwengeziwe.

Udokotela wakho uzoqapha ukusabela kwakho ekwelashweni ngokuhlolwa kwamehlo njalo kanye nokuhlolwa okukhethekile kokucabanga. Lokhu kuqokwa kusiza ukunquma ukuthi imithi iyayihlehlisa ngempumelelo yini ukuqhubeka kwesifo nokuthi ngabe kukhona yini ukulungiswa okudingekayo ohlelweni lwakho lokwelashwa.

Ezinye iziguli zingase zibone ukuzinza kwesimo sazo ezinyangeni ezimbalwa zokuqala, kanti ezinye zingase zidinge izinyanga eziyisithupha noma ngaphezulu ukuze zibone izinzuzo. Umgomo ukugcinwa kombono wesikhathi eside kunokuthuthuka okusheshayo.

Yiziphi Imiphumela Emibi Ye-Avacincaptad-pegol?

Njengayo yonke imithi, i-avacincaptad-pegol ingabangela imiphumela emibi, nakuba kungewona wonke umuntu oyitholayo. Imiphumela emibi evame kakhulu ihlobene nenqubo yokujova uqobo kunemithi.

Nawa amanye imiphumela emibi ebikwa njalo ongase uyithole:

• Ukuphatheka kabi kweso okwesikhashana noma ubuhlungu endaweni yokujova
• Ukubona okungacacile okuhlala amahora ambalwa ngemuva kokujova
• Ukubona amachashazi amancane antantayo noma "ama-floaters" embonweni wakho
• Ukubomvu kweso okuncane noma ukucasuka
• Ukucindezela kweso okukhulu okwesikhashana ngemuva kokujova
• Ukukhaliswa noma amehlo anamanzi

Le miphumela emibi ejwayelekile ngokuvamile iyazixazulula yona phakathi kwamahora angama-24 kuya kwangama-48. Uma ziqhubeka noma ziba zimbi, xhumana nodokotela wakho wamehlo ukuze uthole isiqondiso.

Ngenkathi kungavamile, ezinye iziguli zingase zibe nemiphumela emibi engathi sína edinga ukunakekelwa kwezempilo ngokushesha. Lezi zinkinga ezingavamile kodwa ezibalulekile zihlanganisa:

• Ubuhlungu obukhulu beso obungathuthuki ngamaphilisi aqeda ubuhlungu angathengwa ngaphandle kwemvume kadokotela
• Ukulahlekelwa umbono okungazelelwe, okukhulu noma izinguquko
• Izimpawu zokutheleleka kweso njengokubomvu okukhulu, ukukhipha, noma ukuvuvukala
• Ukuhlukana kwe-retinal, okungase kubangele ukukhanya okukhanyayo noma isithunzi esifana nekhethini embonweni wakho
• Ukuvuvukala okukhulu ngaphakathi kweso (i-endophthalmitis)

Uma uhlangabezana nanoma iyiphi yale miphumela emibi engathi sína, xhumana nodokotela wakho wamehlo ngokushesha noma funa ukunakekelwa kwezempilo eziphuthumayo. Ngenkathi lezi zinkinga zingavamile, ukwelashwa kwasekuqaleni kubalulekile ukuze uthole umphumela ongcono kakhulu.

Ubani Ongafanele Athole i-Avacincaptad-pegol?

I-Avacincaptad-pegol ayifanele wonke umuntu one-atrophy ye-geographic. Udokotela wakho uzohlola ngokucophelela umlando wakho wezokwelapha nesimo sempilo yakho yamanje ngaphambi kokuncoma lokhu kwelashwa.

Akufanele uthole lo muthi uma unokutheleleka kweso okusebenzayo noma ukuvuvukala. Udokotela wakho uzodinga ukwelapha lezi zimo kuqala ngaphambi kokucabangela imijovo ye-avacincaptad-pegol.

Abantu abanezimo ezithile ze-autoimmune bangase badinge ukuqashwa okukhethekile ngesikhathi sokwelashwa, njengoba umuthi uthinta ukusebenza kwamasosha omzimba. Udokotela wakho uzoqaphela izinzuzo ngokumelene nezingozi ezingaba khona ngokuya ngephrofayili yakho yezempilo ethile.

Abesifazane abakhulelwe noma abancelisayo kufanele baxoxe ngezingozi nezinzuzo nodokotela wabo, njengoba ukuphepha kwalo muthi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kungakaqinisekiswa ngokugcwele. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo angakusiza ukuthi wenze isinqumo esinolwazi mayelana nesikhathi sokwelashwa.

Igama Lomkhiqizo le-Avacincaptad-pegol

I-Avacincaptad-pegol itholakala ngaphansi kwegama lomkhiqizo elithi Izervay. Leli gama lomkhiqizo yilokho ozokuvamile ukukubona emiyalelweni kanye nemibhalo yomshuwalense.

I-Izervay yenziwa yi-Iveric Bio futhi yavunywa yi-FDA ngokuqondile ukwelapha i-geographic atrophy. Uma ukhuluma ngalo muthi nenkampani yakho yomshuwalense noma ekhemisi, kungase kudingeke ukuthi ubhekisele kokubili egameni elivamile (avacincaptad-pegol) kanye negama lomkhiqizo (Izervay).

Njengamanje, leli yilo kuphela igama lomkhiqizo elitholakala ngalo muthi, njengoba kuyindlela yokwelapha entsha enokuvikelwa kwelungelo lobunikazi. Izinhlobo ezivamile azikatholakali emakethe.

Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha i-Avacincaptad-pegol

Ngenkathi i-avacincaptad-pegol imelela intuthuko enkulu ekwelashweni kwe-geographic atrophy, kunezinye izindlela udokotela wakho angazicabangela. Umuthi oyinhloko ozokhethwa yi-pegcetacoplan (Syfovre), esebenza ngendlela efanayo kodwa iqondise ingxenye ehlukile yesistimu yokugcwalisa.

Yomibili le mithi iyizithiyo zokugcwalisa, kodwa zivimba amaprotheni ahlukene ku-immune cascade. Udokotela wakho angase ancome enye ngaphezu kwenye ngokusekelwe ezimweni zakho ezithile zesifo kanye nomlando wezokwelapha.

Ngaphandle komuthi, ukwelashwa okusekelayo kungakusiza ukuthi wandise umbono wakho osele. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izinsiza zombono ophansi, amadivayisi okukhulisa, nokukhanyisa okukhethekile ukusiza ngemisebenzi yansuku zonke. Izinsizakalo zokuvuselela umbono zingakufundisa namasu okuzivumelanisa nezinguquko zombono.

Ezinye iziguli ziyazuza ekuthathweni kwezithasiselo zokudla eziqukethe ama-antioxidants nama-omega-3 fatty acids, nakuba lokhu kungokuvimbela kunokwelapha. Udokotela wakho angakuqondisa ukuthi yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ezingase zisebenze kangcono esimweni sakho.

Ingabe i-Avacincaptad-pegol ingcono kune-Pegcetacoplan?

Kokubili i-avacincaptad-pegol ne-pegcetacoplan ziyindlela yokwelapha esebenzayo ye-geographic atrophy, kodwa zisebenza ngendlela ehlukile ngaphakathi kohlelo lokugcwalisa. I-Avacincaptad-pegol ivimba i-complement C5, kuyilapho i-pegcetacoplan ivimbela i-complement C3.

Izifundo zomtholampilo zikhomba ukuthi zombili lezi zithako zinganciphisa ukuqhubeka kwe-geographic atrophy ngamanani afanayo. Ukukhetha phakathi kwazo kuvame ukuncika ekuphenduleni kwakho ngakunye ekwelashweni kanye nanoma yimaphi imiphumela emibi ongase uyithole.

Ezinye iziguli zingase zisabele kangcono emuthini owodwa kunomunye, yingakho udokotela wakho engase ancome ukushintsha ukwelashwa uma ungaboni izinzuzo ezilindelekile. Uhlelo lokujova kanye nenqubo yokuphatha iyafana kuzo zombili izithako.

Udokotela wakho wamehlo uzocabangela izinto ezinjengobunzima besifo sakho, impilo yonke, kanye nokuphendula kokwelashwa kwangaphambilini lapho encoma ukuthi yimuphi umuthi ongase ulungele wena. Zombili zimele izinzuzo ezinkulu ekwelapheni isimo esasingenazo izindlela zokwelapha ezisebenzayo ngaphambili.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana ne-Avacincaptad-pegol

Q1. Ingabe i-Avacincaptad-pegol iphephile kubantu abanesifo sikashukela?

I-Avacincaptad-pegol ngokuvamile ithathwa njengephephile kubantu abanesifo sikashukela, kodwa udokotela wakho uzodinga ukukuqapha eduze. Isifo sikashukela singathinta ukusabela kwamehlo akho ekupholiseni futhi singakhuphula ingozi yezinkinga ezivela emijovweni ye-intraocular.

Uma unesifo se-diabetic retinopathy kanye ne-geographic atrophy, uhlelo lwakho lokwelapha lungase ludinge ukuba luyinkimbinkimbi. Udokotela wakho angase ahlele nethimba lakho lokunakekela isifo sikashukela ukuze aqinisekise ukulawulwa okungcono koshukela wegazi ngaphambi nangemva kwemijovo.

Umbuzo 2. Kufanele ngenzeni uma ngiphuthelwa ngengozi umthamo we-Avacincaptad-pegol?

Uma uphuthelwa umjovo ohleliwe, xhumana nehhovisi likadokotela wakho wamehlo ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze uhlele kabusha. Ungalindi kuze kube isikhathi sakho esijwayelekile, njengoba izikhala ekwelashweni zingavumela i-geographic atrophy yakho ukuthi iqhubeke ngokushesha.

Udokotela wakho uzoqaphela isikhathi esingcono kakhulu somjovo wakho ophuthelwe ngokuya ngokuthi sekudlule isikhathi esingakanani kusukela ekwelashweni kwakho kokugcina. Bangase balungise isimiso sakho sokuqokwa esizayo ukuze sikubuyisele emgqeni ngesikhathi esifanele sokwelashwa.

Umbuzo 3. Kufanele ngenzeni uma ngizwa ubuhlungu obukhulu emehlweni ngemuva komjovo?

Ukuphatheka kabi okuncane ngemuva komjovo kujwayelekile, kodwa ubuhlungu obukhulu noma obuqhubekayo emehlweni kudinga ukunakekelwa kwezempilo ngokushesha. Xhumana nodokotela wakho wamehlo ngokushesha noma funa ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo uma ubuhlungu bungathuthuki ngamaphilisi okwelapha ubuhlungu angathengwa ngaphandle kwemvume kadokotela.

Ubuhlungu obukhulu bungabonisa izinkinga ezinjengokwanda kwengcindezi yamehlo noma ukutheleleka, kokubili okudinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha. Ungalindi ukubona ukuthi ubuhlungu buyathuthuka yini ngokwawo, njengoba ukungenelela kwasekuqaleni kuholela emiphumeleni engcono.

Umbuzo 4. Ngingayeka nini ukuthatha i-Avacincaptad-pegol?

Iziguli eziningi ziqhubeka nokwelashwa nge-avacincaptad-pegol unomphela, njengoba i-geographic atrophy iyisimo esingelapheki, esiqhubekayo. Ukuyeka ukwelashwa ngokuvamile kuvumela lesi sifo ukuthi siqhubeke ngendlela yaso yemvelo, okungenzeka kuholele ekulahlekelweni okwengeziwe kombono.

Udokotela wakho uzohlola njalo ukuthi ukwelashwa kuqhubeka yini ukukuzuzisa ngokuhlolwa kwamehlo nokuhlolwa kwezithombe. Uma isimo sakho sizinzile noma uma uba nezinkinga, bangase baxoxe ngokuguqula noma ukuyeka ukwelashwa ngokusekelwe ezimweni zakho.

Umbuzo 5. Ngingashayela ngemuva kokuthola umjovo we-Avacincaptad-pegol?

Akufanele ushayele ngokushesha ngemuva kokuthola umjovo, njengoba umbono wakho ungase ube mnyama okwesikhashana futhi iso lakho lingase libe nobuzwela ekukhanyeni. Hlela ukuthi othile akuqhubele ekhaya evela ekuqokweni kwakho.

Iningi leziguli lingaqala ukuqhuba imoto kungakapheli amahora angu-24 ngemuva komjovo, uma nje noma yiziphi izinguquko zesikhashana embonweni sezixazululiwe. Kodwa-ke, landela imiyalelo ethile kadokotela wakho mayelana nokuthi kuphephile nini ukuqhuba imoto, njengoba izikhathi zokululama zomuntu ngamunye zingahluka.