Yini i-Azathioprine: Ukusetshenziswa, Umthamo, Imiphumela Eceleni Nokunye

I-Azathioprine iyimithi kadokotela esiza ukuthulisa amasosha omzimba asebenza ngokweqile. Ingaphansi kweqembu lemithi ebizwa ngokuthi ama-immunosuppressants, asebenza ngokunciphisa izimpendulo zomzimba zakho zemvelo zokuzivikela lapho ziba nolaka olukhulu noma ziqala ukuhlasela izicubu ezinempilo.

Le mithi isetshenziswe ngokuphepha amashumi eminyaka ukwelapha izimo ezihlukahlukene ze-autoimmune nokuvimbela ukwenqatshwa kwezitho ngemva kokufakelwa. Ngenkathi idinga ukuqashwa ngokucophelela, i-azathioprine ingashintsha impilo ngempela kubantu ababhekene nezimo lapho amasosha abo omzimba edinga isiqondiso esithambile ukuze asebenze kahle.

Isetshenziselwani i-Azathioprine?

I-Azathioprine isebenza njengokwelashwa okuyisisekelo kwezimo eziningana ezingathi sína zezokwelapha lapho amasosha akho omzimba edinga ukuphathwa ngokucophelela. Udokotela wakho angase akubhalele yona lapho uhlelo lwakho lokuzivikela lomzimba lusebenza ngokweqile noma luqondise izinto ezingalungile.

Le mithi ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuvimbela umzimba wakho ukuthi unqabe isitho esifakelwe, njengesinso noma isibindi. Isebenza kanye neminye imithi ukusiza umzimba wakho ukuthi wamukele isitho esisha njengengxenye yawo kunokulwa naso.

Ngaphandle kokunakekelwa kokufakelwa, i-azathioprine ibaluleke kakhulu ekwelapheni izifo ze-autoimmune. Lezi yizimo lapho amasosha akho omzimba ngokungafanele ehlasela izicubu zakho ezinempilo, okubangela ukuvuvukala nokulimala emzimbeni wakho wonke.

Nazi izimo eziyinhloko lapho i-azathioprine ingenza umehluko wangempela empilweni yakho:

• I-Rheumatoid arthritis, ikakhulukazi uma ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zingazange zinikeze ukukhululeka okwanele
• Izifo zamathumbu ezivuthayo njenge-Crohn's disease ne-ulcerative colitis
• Izimo ezinzima ze-systemic lupus erythematosus
• Izinhlobo ezithile ze-vasculitis, lapho imithambo yegazi ivuvukala khona
• I-Myasthenia gravis, isimo esithinta amandla emisipha
• I-eczema noma i-dermatitis enzima engasabeli kwezinye izindlela zokwelapha
• Ezinye izinhlobo ze-hepatitis ezibangelwa ukusabela kwe-autoimmune

Ezimweni ezingavamile, udokotela wakho angase acabangele i-azathioprine ezimweni ezinjenge-psoriasis enzima, ukuvuvukala kwamehlo okuthile, noma izifo ezithile zegazi. Isinqumo sihlala sincike esimweni sakho ngasinye nokuthi ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zikusebenzele kahle kangakanani.

Isebenza Kanjani I-Azathioprine?

I-Azathioprine isebenza ngokwehlisa kancane umsebenzi womzimba wakho wokuzivikela, ikakhulukazi iqondise amangqamuzana abangela ukuvuvukala nokulimala kwezicubu. Cabanga ngayo njengokwehlisa ivolumu ekusabeleni komzimba okukhulu kakhulu kunokuyivala ngokuphelele.

Umuthi uguqulwa emzimbeni wakho ube yizinhlanganisela ezisebenzayo eziphazamisa indlela amangqamuzana omzimba wokuzivikela andayo futhi asebenza ngayo. Le nqubo yenzeka kancane kancane, yingakho i-azathioprine ithathwa njenge-immunosuppressant enamandla aphakathi nendawo kunokuba enamandla amakhulu.

Ngokungafani nemithi enamandla yokucindezela amasosha omzimba, i-azathioprine ivumela umzimba wakho wokuzivikela ukuthi ugcine iningi lekhono lawo lokulwa nezifo nezifo. Kungokufana nokusebenzisa amabhuleki amancane emotweni kunokushaya ngamandla ukuma okuphuthumayo.

Umuthi uqondise ngokuqondile amangqamuzana ahlukanisa ngokushesha, okuhlanganisa amangqamuzana omzimba wokuzivikela asebenza ngokweqile abangela isimo sakho. Le ndlela ekhethiwe isiza ukuchaza ukuthi kungani i-azathioprine ingasebenza ngempumelelo ngaphandle kokuyekethisa ngokuphelele izivikelo zemvelo zomzimba wakho.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Kanjani I-Azathioprine?

Ukuphuza i-azathioprine ngendlela efanele kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola inzuzo enkulu ngenkathi unciphisa imiphumela engemihle engaba khona. Udokotela wakho uzokunikeza imiyalelo ethile ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho nangendlela umzimba wakho osabela ngayo emuthini.

Abantu abaningi bathatha i-azathioprine ngomlomo, ngokuvamile kanye noma kabili ngosuku ngokudla noma ubisi. Ukuyithatha ngokudla kusiza ukunciphisa isisu esibuhlungu, okuhlangenwa nakho ngabanye abantu lapho beqala umuthi.

Ifomu le-intravenous ngokuvamile ligcinelwe izilungiselelo zasemtholampilo noma uma ungenakukwazi ukuthatha amaphilisi ngomlomo. Uma wamukela i-azathioprine ye-IV, ithimba lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo lizosingatha ukuphathwa futhi likuqaphe eduze ngesikhathi senqubo.

Nakhu okudingeka ukwazi ngokuthatha i-azathioprine ngendlela efanele:

• Yithathe ngesikhathi esifanayo nsuku zonke ukuze ugcine amazinga aqhubekayo emzimbeni wakho
• Gwinya amaphilisi wonke ngenkomishi yamanzi egcwele
• Ungalokothi uchoboze noma uqhekeze amaphilisi, ngoba lokhu kungathinta indlela umuthi osebenza ngayo
• Uma uzizwa unesiyezi, zama ukuyithatha ngokudla noma ngemva nje kokudla
• Qhubeka ukuyithatha ngisho noma uzizwa kahle, ngoba ukuyeka kungazelelwe kungabangela isimo sakho ukuthi sivuvuke

Udokotela wakho uzoqala ngomthamo ophansi futhi awulungise kancane kancane ngokusekelwe ekutheni usabela kahle kangakanani kanye nanoma yimiphumela engemihle ongase uhlangabezane nayo. Le ndlela eqaphelayo isiza ukuthola ibhalansi efanele yezidingo zakho ezithile.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Isikhathi Esingakanani I-Azathioprine?

Ubude bokwelashwa nge-azathioprine buhlukahluka kakhulu kuye ngesimo sakho esithile nokuthi usabela kahle kangakanani emuthini. Abanye abantu bayayidinga izinyanga ezimbalwa nje, kanti abanye bangayithatha iminyaka noma isikhathi eside.

Ezineziguli zokufakelwa izitho, i-azathioprine ngokuvamile iyisibopho sokuphila konke ukuvimbela ukwenqatshwa. Ithimba lakho lokufakelwa izitho lizosebenza nawe ukuthola umthamo ophansi osebenzayo ogcina isitho sakho esisha siphilile futhi sisebenza kahle.

Uma usebenzisa i-azathioprine ngenxa yesimo se-autoimmune, isikhathi esivamile sivame ukuncika ekutheni isifo sakho sisebenza kangakanani nokuthi ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zisebenza kahle kangakanani. Abantu abaningi bathola ukuthi banganciphisa kancane kancane umthamo wabo noma bayeke ngisho nomuthi uma isimo sabo silawulwa kahle.

Udkt wakho uzohlola njalo ukuthi usadinga yini i-azathioprine ngokuhlola izimpawu zakho, ukuhlolwa kwegazi, nempilo yakho yonke. Bangase baphakamise ukuzama ukunciphisa umthamo noma ukuthatha amakhefu emuthini uma wenza kahle.

Yiziphi Izimo Ezingezinhle Ze-Azathioprine?

Njengayo yonke imithi ethinta amasosha akho omzimba, i-azathioprine ingabangela imiphumela emibi, nakuba abantu abaningi beyibekezelela kahle. Ukuqonda okufanele ukulindele kungakusiza ukuthi uzizwe uqiniseka kakhulu ngomuthi wakho futhi wazi ukuthi ungaxhumana nini nodokotela wakho.

Imiphumela emibi evame kakhulu ivame ukuba mncane futhi ivame ukuthuthuka njengoba umzimba wakho ujwayela umuthi. Lezi ngokuvamile azidingi ukuyeka umuthi, kodwa kubalulekile ukuxoxa ngazo nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo.

Nansi imiphumela emibi ongase uyithole:

• Isicanucanu esincane noma isisu esicasukile, ikakhulukazi uma uqala
• Ukwanda kokuzwela ezifweni ezincane njengomkhuhlane
• Ukukhathala noma ukuzizwa ukhathele kunokujwayelekile
• Ukuqina kwezinwele okwesikhashana, okuvame ukubuyela emuva ngemva kokuyeka umuthi
• Ukuzwela kwesikhumba okuncane elangeni
• Ukuphuma isifo sohudo ngezikhathi ezithile noma izitulo ezixekile

Abanye abantu bathola imiphumela emibi ebaluleke kakhulu edinga ukuqashwa okuseduze. Nakuba lokhu kungavamile, kubalulekile ukuqaphela nokubika kudokotela wakho ngokushesha.

Imiphumela emibi engathi sína edinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ihlanganisa:

• Umkhuhlane oqhubekayo, amaqhafuza, noma izimpawu zokutheleleka okukhulu
• Ukuphuma kwegazi okungavamile noma ukulimala
• Ubuhlungu obukhulu besisu noma ukuhlanza okuqhubekayo
• Ukuphuzi kwesikhumba noma amehlo, okungase kubonise izinkinga zesibindi
• Ukukhathala okukhulu okungathuthuki ngokuphumula
• Amaqhubu angavamile noma ukuvuvukala noma yikuphi emzimbeni wakho

Ezimweni ezingavamile, ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside kwe-azathioprine kungase kwenyuse kancane ingozi yomdlavuza othile, ikakhulukazi imidlavuza yesikhumba nama-lymphomas. Udokotela wakho uzoxoxa ngale ngozi nawe futhi achaze ukuthi ukuqapha njalo kusiza kanjani ukubamba noma yiziphi izinkinga zisasekuqaleni.

Ubani Ongafanele Athathe I-Azathioprine?

Ngenkathi i-azathioprine ngokuvamile iphephile kubantu abaningi, abantu abathile kufanele bagweme lo muthi noma bawuse ngokucophelela okwengeziwe. Udokotela wakho uzobukeza ngokucophelela umlando wakho wezokwelapha ngaphambi kokuwunikeza.

Abantu abaziwayo ukuthi banezinto ezibazwela kalula ku-azathioprine noma kumuthi wayo ohlobene, i-6-mercaptopurine, akufanele bathathe lo muthi. Uma uke waba nokusabela okukhulu emithini efanayo esikhathini esidlule, qiniseka ukuthi udokotela wakho uyakwazi lokhu.

Ezinye izimo zezokwelapha zenza i-azathioprine ingaphephile noma zidinga ukuqapha okukhethekile. Udokotela wakho uzodinga ukulinganisa izinzuzo nezingozi kulezi zimo.

Kufanele uxoxe nge-azathioprine ngokucophelela nodokotela wakho uma unezi:

• Ukutheleleka okusebenzayo noma umlando wokutheleleka okukhulu okuphindaphindayo
• Isifo sesibindi noma umlando wezinkinga zesibindi
• Isifo sezinso noma ukusebenza kwezinso okuncishisiwe
• Umlando womdlavuza, ikakhulukazi imidlavuza yegazi
• Ukwahluka kwezakhi zofuzo okuthinta indlela osebenzisa ngayo umuthi
• Izinkinga ezinzima zomnkantsha wamathambo noma izifo zegazi

Ukukhulelwa nokuncelisa ngamabele kudinga ukucatshangelwa okukhethekile. Ngenkathi i-azathioprine ngezinye izikhathi ingasetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa lapho izinzuzo zidlula izingozi, akuyona inketho yokuqala yezimo eziningi. Udokotela wakho uzokusiza ukuthi wenze isinqumo esingcono kakhulu kuwe nakumntwana wakho.

Uma uhlela ukukhulelwa noma usuvele ukhulelwe, xoxa ngalokhu nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ngokushesha okukhulu. Bangase badinge ukulungisa uhlelo lwakho lokwelapha noma bakushintshele kwenye indlela ephephile.

Amagama Omkhiqizo we-Azathioprine

I-Azathioprine itholakala ngaphansi kwamagama amaningi omkhiqizo, nakuba inguqulo ejwayelekile isebenza kahle futhi ivame ukuba ngentengo ephansi. Igama lomkhiqizo elivamile ozohlangana nalo yi-Imuran, ebelitholakala iminyaka eminingi.

Amanye amagama omkhiqizo afaka i-Azasan kwezinye izifunda, nakuba ukutholakala kuhluka ngokuya ngezwe. Umkhemisi wakho angakusiza ukuthi uqonde ukuthi iyiphi inguqulo oyitholayo nokuthi ukushintsha phakathi kwemikhiqizo kungase kuthinte ukwelashwa kwakho.

Noma ngabe uthatha igama lomkhiqizo noma inguqulo ejwayelekile, isithako esisebenzayo nokusebenza kahle kuhlala kufana. Abanye abantu bakhetha ukunamathela kumkhiqizi oyedwa ukuze baqinisekise ukuvumelana, kanti abanye bazizwa bekhululekile ukushintsha ngokusekelwe ezindlekweni noma ekutholakaleni.

Ezinye izindlela ze-Azathioprine

Uma i-azathioprine ingakulungele noma iyeka ukusebenza ngempumelelo, imithi eminingi ehlukile inganikeza izinzuzo ezifanayo. Udokotela wakho uzokhetha inketho engcono kakhulu ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho esithile nokuthi usabele kanjani kwezinye izindlela zokwelapha.

Ezimweni ze-autoimmune, i-methotrexate ivame ukubhekwa njengenye indlela eseduze. Isebenza ngendlela ehlukile kune-azathioprine kodwa ingasebenza kahle kubantu abaningi, nakuba iza nezinto zayo okufanele zicatshangelwe nezidingo zokuqapha.

Imithi emisha ebizwa ngokuthi ama-biologics inikeza enye inketho, ikakhulukazi ezimweni ezinjenge-rheumatoid arthritis kanye nesifo samathumbu esivuvukalayo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi imithi efana ne-adalimumab, i-infliximab, ne-etanercept, eziqondise izingxenye ezithile zesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela.

Ezinye izindlela udokotela wakho angase azicabangele zifaka:

• I-Mycophenolate mofetil, ikakhulukazi ezigulini ezinamalunga
• I-Leflunomide ye-rheumatoid arthritis
• I-Cyclosporine yezimo ezinzima ze-autoimmune
• I-Hydroxychloroquine ye-lupus nezimo ezifanayo
• I-Sulfasalazine yesifo samathumbu esivuvukalayo

Ukukhetha okunye kuncike ezintweni eziningi, okuhlanganisa isimo sakho esithile, eminye imithi oyithathayo, kanye nokuphendula kwakho ngakunye ekwelashweni okuhlukene. Udokotela wakho uzosebenza nawe ukuthola inketho engcono kakhulu uma i-azathioprine ingasebenzi kahle kuwe.

Ingabe i-Azathioprine ingcono kune-Methotrexate?

Kokubili i-azathioprine ne-methotrexate ziyimithi ecindezela amasosha omzimba esebenzayo, kodwa akukho noyedwa ongcono kunomunye. Ukukhetha kuncike esimweni sakho esithile, umlando wezokwelapha, nokuthi umzimba wakho usabela kanjani emithini ngayinye.

Nge-rheumatoid arthritis, i-methotrexate ivame ukuzanywa kuqala ngoba ifundwe kabanzi futhi isebenza ngokushesha kubantu abaningi. Kodwa-ke, i-azathioprine ingaba enye indlela enhle uma i-methotrexate ibangela imiphumela emibi noma ingasebenzi kahle ngokwanele.

I-Azathioprine ingase ithandwe uma unezinkinga zesibindi, njengoba ngokuvamile ilula esibindini kune-methotrexate. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-methotrexate ingase ikhethwe uma unezinhlobo ezithile zofuzo ezenza i-azathioprine ingasebenzi kahle.

Ngesifo samathumbu esivuvukalayo, i-azathioprine inerekhodi elide futhi ivame ukuba yimithi yokuqala ecindezela amasosha omzimba ezanywayo. Kodwa-ke, yomibili imithi ingasebenza, futhi ukukhetha kuvame ukwehla ezintweni zomuntu ngamunye kanye nokukhetha kukadokotela.

Udokotela wakho uzocabangela izinto ezinjengokusebenza kwezinso nesibindi sakho, eminye imithi oyithathayo, nendlela yakho yokuphila lapho ukhetha phakathi kwalezi zinketho. Abantu abaningi benza kahle kunoma iyiphi imithi, futhi ukushintsha phakathi kwabo kuhlala kungenzeka uma kudingeka.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana ne-Azathioprine

Ingabe i-Azathioprine iphephile kubantu abanezifo zezinso?

I-Azathioprine ingasetshenziswa kubantu abanezifo zezinso, kodwa idinga ukuqashwa ngokucophelela futhi kungenzeka ukuthi kudingeke ukuthi kulungiswe umthamo. Njengoba izinso zakho zisiza ukucubungula nokukhipha imithi emzimbeni, ukuncipha komsebenzi wezinso kungathinta indlela umzimba wakho oyiqonda ngayo i-azathioprine.

Udkt wakho cishe uzo-oda ukuhlolwa kwegazi njalo ukuze ahlolisise ukusebenza kwezinso zakho futhi angase akuqale ngomthamo omncane uma unezinkinga zezinso. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi i-azathioprine ngokuvamile ayinabo ubuhlungu ezinso njengeminye imithi ecindezela amasosha omzimba.

Uma unezifo ezinzima zezinso noma use-dialysis, udkt wakho uzosebenza eduze nochwepheshe bezinso ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi i-azathioprine iphephile futhi iyasebenza kuwe. Bangase badinge ukulungisa isikhathi sokuthatha imithamo yakho ngesikhathi se-dialysis.

Kufanele ngenzeni uma ngiphuzile i-Azathioprine eningi ngengozi?

Uma ngengozi uphuze i-azathioprine eningi kunaleyo ebekiwe, xhumana nodkt wakho noma isikhungo sokulawula ubuthi ngokushesha, ngisho noma uzizwa kahle. Ukuphuza okuningi kungase kucindezele amasosha akho omzimba ngaphezu kwalokho obekuhloswe ngakho noma kubangele ezinye izinkinga ezingathi sína.

Ungazami ukulungisa umthamo owengeziwe ngokweqa umthamo wakho olandelayo obekiwe. Kunalokho, landela imiyalelo kadkt wakho mayelana nokuthi ungawuqala nini kabusha uhlelo lwakho lokuthatha imithi.

Izimpawu zokuthatha i-azathioprine eningi zingabandakanya isicanucanu esibi, ukuhlanza, isifo sohudo, noma ukukhathala okungavamile. Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi lezi zimpawu ngemva kokuthatha imithi eyengeziwe, funa ukwelashwa ngokushesha.

Ukuvimbela ukweqisa ngengozi, cabanga ukusebenzisa umhleli wamaphilisi noma ukusetha izikhumbuzi ocingweni lwakho. Gcina imithi yakho esitsheni sayo sokuqala ngokulebula okucacile, futhi ungalokothi uthathe imithamo eyengeziwe ukuze "ubambe" uma uphuthelwe yileyo yangaphambilini.

Kufanele ngenzeni uma ngiphuthelwe umthamo we-Azathioprine?

Uma uphuthelwa umthamo we-azathioprine, yithathe ngokushesha nje lapho ukhumbula, ngaphandle uma sekuseduze isikhathi somthamo wakho olandelayo. Kulokho, weqa umthamo ophuthelwe bese uqhubeka neshejuli yakho ejwayelekile.

Ungalokothi uthathe imithamo emibili ngesikhathi esisodwa ukuze ulungise umthamo ophuthelwe, ngoba lokhu kungandisa ingozi yakho yemiphumela emibi. Uma uvame ukukhohlwa imithamo, khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana namaqhinga okukusiza ukuthi ukhumbule noma ukuthi ukulungisa ishejuli yakho yokuthatha imithi kungasiza yini.

Ukuphuthelwa imithamo ngezikhathi ezithile ngokuvamile akuyona ingozi, kodwa ukuphuthelwa imithamo njalo kunganciphisa ukusebenza kahle komuthi futhi kungaholela ekuqubukeni kwesimo sakho. Uma uphuthelwe imithamo eminingana, xhumana nodokotela wakho ukuze uthole isiqondiso sokuthi ungabuyela kanjani emgwaqeni ngokuphepha.

Ngingayeka nini Ukuthatha i-Azathioprine?

Isinqumo sokuyeka i-azathioprine kufanele senziwe ngaso sonke isikhathi ngesiqondiso sikadokotela wakho, ngoba ukuyeka kungazelelwe kungabangela ukuthi isimo sakho siqubuke. Udokotela wakho ngokuvamile uzofuna ukunciphisa umthamo kancane kancane kunokuyeka konke ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Ezimweni ze-autoimmune, ungase ukwazi ukuyeka i-azathioprine uma isifo sakho sesizinzile isikhathi eside, ngokuvamile izinyanga eziningana kuya eminyakeni. Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu badinga ukuqhubeka nomuthi isikhathi eside ukuze bavimbele ukuphindeka.

Iziguli ezinamalunga zivame ukudinga ukuqhubeka nemithi ecindezela amasosha omzimba, okuhlanganisa i-azathioprine, ukuphila konke ukuze kuvinjelwe ukwenqatshwa kwamalunga. Noma ngabe uzizwa uphilile ngokuphelele, ukuyeka le mithi kungabeka ilunga lakho elithuthukisiwe engozini enkulu.

Udokotela wakho uzocabangela izinto ezinjengokuthi usunesikhathi esingakanani uzinzile, impilo yakho yonke, kanye nohlobo lwesimo sakho lapho enquma ukuthi kuphephile yini ukunciphisa noma ukuyeka i-azathioprine. Bazophinde baxoxe ngezimpawu zokuxwayisa okufanele uzibheke uma uyeka umuthi.

Ngingakwazi yini Ukuphuza Utshwala Ngenkathi Ngithatha i-Azathioprine?

Kungcono ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kotshwala ngenkathi uthatha i-azathioprine, ngoba womabili umuthi notshwala kungathinta isibindi sakho. Ukuphuza utshwala obuningi njalo kungakhuphula ingozi yezinkinga zesibindi uma kuhlangene ne-azathioprine.

Ukuphuza ngezikhathi ezithile ngobuningi obuncane kuvamile ukwamukeleka kubantu abaningi, kodwa kufanele uxoxe ngesimo sakho esithile nodokotela wakho. Bangakunikeza iseluleko ngokusekelwe ekusebenzeni kwesibindi sakho, eminye imithi oyithathayo, kanye nesimo sakho sempilo esiphelele.

Uma ukhetha ukuphuza utshwala, kwenze ngokulinganisela futhi unake indlela ozizwa ngayo. Abanye abantu bathola ukuthi utshwala bubathinta kakhulu ngenkathi bethatha i-azathioprine, okungenzeka kubangele ukukhathala okukhulu noma isicanucanu.

Udokotela wakho uzoqapha ukusebenza kwesibindi sakho njalo ngezivivinyo zegazi, kungakhathaliseki ukusetshenziswa kwakho kotshwala. Yiba qotho kubo mayelana nemikhuba yakho yokuphuza ukuze bakwazi ukukunikeza ukunakekelwa okungcono kakhulu nokuqapha isimo sakho.