Yini i-Barbiturate: Ukusetshenziswa, Umthamo, Imiphumela Eceleni nokuningi

Ama-Barbiturates yimithi kadokotela enciphisa uhlelo lwakho lwezinzwa oluphakathi, okusiza ukuthulisa umsebenzi wobuchopho uma usebenza ngokweqile. Le mithi isebenza ngokuthuthukisa ikhemikhali yobuchopho yemvelo ebizwa nge-GABA, ekusiza ukuthi uzizwe ukhululekile futhi ulele. Ngenkathi yayike yanconywa kakhulu ngezinkinga zokukhathazeka nokulala, odokotela manje basebenzisa ngokucophelela ngenxa yamandla abo okuncika kanye nemiphumela emibi.

Ziyini ama-Barbiturates?

Ama-Barbiturates yisigaba semithi yokuthulisa ecindezela uhlelo lwakho lwezinzwa oluphakathi. Angaweqembu lezidakamizwa ezinciphisa umsebenzi wobuchopho nemizwa, okwenza uzizwe uzolile, ukozela, noma ulele ngokuya ngomthamo.

Le mithi iza ngezinhlobo ezahlukene namandla. Ezinye zisebenza ngokushesha kodwa azihlali isikhathi eside, kanti ezinye zithatha isikhathi eside ukusebenza kodwa zihlala ohlelweni lwakho amahora amaningi noma izinsuku. Udokotela wakho uzokhetha uhlobo olufanele ngokuya ngesimo abasiphatha ngaso nokuthi umzimba wakho usabela kanjani emuthini.

Cabanga ngama-barbiturates njenge-brake pedal yobuchopho bakho obusebenza ngokweqile. Uma uhlelo lwakho lwezinzwa lusebenza ngokushesha kakhulu ngenxa yokuhlaselwa, ukukhathazeka, noma ezinye izimo, le mithi isiza ukunciphisa izinto zibe ngumfutho olawulekayo.

Ama-Barbiturates asetshenziselwa ini?

Ama-Barbiturates aphatha izimo eziningana ezingathi sína lapho ukunciphisa umsebenzi wobuchopho kudingekile. Ukusetshenziswa okuvame kakhulu namuhla ukulawula ukuhlaselwa, ikakhulukazi lapho eminye imithi ingasebenzi kahle ngokwanele.

Nawa amakhondishini amakhulu odokotela abawaphatha ngama-barbiturates, ngalinye lifuna ukugadwa ngokucophelela kwezokwelapha:

• Izifo zokuthuthumela: Ikakhulukazi isithuthwane esibucayi noma i-status epilepticus (ukuthuthumela okude)
• I-Anesthesia: Ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa ukukusiza ukuthi ulale futhi ungazi lutho
• Ukungalali kakhulu: Uma eminye imithi yokulala ingasebenzi
• Izifo zokukhathazeka: Ezimweni ezithile lapho ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zingafaneleki
• Ukuhoxiswa kotshwala: Ukuvimbela izimpawu eziyingozi zokuhoxiswa
• Ukucindezela ngaphakathi kwekhanda: Ukunciphisa ingcindezi ngaphakathi ngemuva kokulimala kobuchopho

Udkt wakho uzonquma kuphela ama-barbiturates uma izinzuzo zizwela ngokusobala izingozi. Le mithi ngokuvamile igcinelwe izimo ezinzima noma uma ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zinganikezanga ukukhululeka okwanele.

Amaqembu asebenza kanjani ama-Barbiturates?

Ama-Barbiturates asebenza ngokuthuthukisa umsebenzi we-GABA, ikhemikhali yobuchopho yemvelo esiza ukuthulisa umsebenzi wemizwa. Lapho amazinga e-GABA enyuka, amaseli akho obuchopho maningi amathuba okuthi angashisi ngokushesha, okudala umphumela wokuthulisa kuyo yonke imizwa yakho.

Lezi zithathwa njengemithi eqinile enemiphumela enamandla ebuchosheni bakho nasemzimbeni wakho. Ngokungafani nama-sedatives alula, ama-barbiturates anganciphisa kakhulu ukuphefumula nesilinganiso senhliziyo, yingakho kudingeka ukuqapha ngokucophelela kwezokwelapha.

Amandla nobude bemiphumela kuncike ekutheni yimaphi ama-barbiturate othathayo. Lezo ezisebenza ngokushesha njenge-pentobarbital zisebenza ngemizuzu kodwa zihlala amahora ambalwa kuphela, kanti lezo ezisebenza isikhathi eside njenge-phenobarbital zingathatha ihora ukusebenza kodwa zihlale izinsuku.

Kufanele ngiwathathe kanjani ama-Barbiturates?

Njalo thatha ama-barbiturates ngendlela eqondile udkt wakho ayalela ngayo, ngaphandle kokushintsha umthamo noma isikhathi ngokwakho. Indlela yokuthatha incike ekutheni udkt wakho unqume yiphi ifomu nokuthi yisiphi isimo eselashwayo.

Ngemithi yomlomo ye-barbiturates, ungayithatha nokudla noma ngaphandle kokudla, nakuba ukuyithatha nesnakhi esilula kungasiza ukunciphisa ukuquleka kwesisu. Gwema utshwala ngokuphelele ngenkathi uthatha le mithi, njengoba ukuyihlanganisa kungaba yingozi enkulu futhi kungase kubulale.

Uma uthola i-barbiturates ngokujova (indlela ye-parenteral), lokhu kuzokwenzeka ngaso sonke isikhathi endaweni yezokwelapha ngaphansi kokuqashwa kochwepheshe. Ngama-suppositories e-rectal, geza izandla zakho kahle ngaphambi nangemva kokufaka, bese ulala ngohlangothi lwakho ukuze kumuncwe kahle.

Ungalokothi uchoboze, uphule, noma uhlafunze amaphilisi akhishwa isikhathi eside, njengoba lokhu kungakhipha imithi eningi ngesikhathi esisodwa. Gcina zonke i-barbiturates endaweni ephephile kude nezingane nabanye abangase bazithathe ngengozi.

Kufanele Ngizithathe Isikhathi Esingakanani I-Barbiturates?

Ubude bokwelashwa nge-barbiturate buhluka kakhulu kuye ngesimo sakho esithile nokuthi usabela kanjani emuthini. Udokotela wakho uzoqala ngesikhathi esifushane sokwelashwa esisebenzayo ukuze anciphise izingozi.

Ukuze kulawulwe ukuquleka, kungase kudingeke ukuthi uthathe i-barbiturates izinyanga noma iminyaka ngaphansi kokuqashwa kwezokwelapha okucophelelayo. Ngezinkinga zokulala noma ukukhathazeka, ukwelashwa kuvame ukukhawulelwa emasontweni ambalwa nje ukuvimbela ukuthi ukuncika kungakhuli.

Ungalokothi uyeke ukuthatha i-barbiturates ngokuzumayo, ikakhulukazi uma ubezithatha isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto ambalwa. Udokotela wakho uzodinga ukunciphisa kancane kancane umthamo wakho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukuze avimbele izimpawu zokuhoxiswa eziyingozi njengokuquleka.

Ukuqokwa okuvamile kokulandela kubalulekile ngenkathi uthatha i-barbiturates. Udokotela wakho uzoqapha ukuthi umuthi usebenza kahle kangakanani futhi aqaphele noma yiziphi izimpawu ezingakhathazi noma izimpawu zokuncika.

Yiziphi Imiphumela Eceleni Ye-Barbiturates?

I-Barbiturates ingabangela imiphumela emibi evela kokulula kuye kokukhulu, futhi kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi yini okufanele uyibheke. Abantu abaningi bathola ukulala ngesikhathi beqala le mithi, kodwa lokhu kuvame ukuthuthuka njengoba umzimba wakho uzivumela.

Imiphumela ejwayelekile eshukunyiswa abantu abaningi ihlanganisa:

• Ukozela nokukhathala emini
• Isiyezi noma ukuzizwa ungazinzile
• Ukudideka noma ubunzima bokugxilisa ingqondo
• Isicanucanu noma isisu esibuhlungu
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu
• Ukuzizwa uthukuthele noma ungaphumuli

Imiphumela emibi kakhulu idinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha futhi ihlanganisa ukuphefumula okuhamba kancane, ukudideka okukhulu, noma ubunzima bokuhlala uphapheme. Abanye abantu bangase futhi babe nezinguquko zemizwa, okuhlanganisa ukucindezeleka noma imicabango engavamile.

Imiphumela emibi engavamile kodwa engaba yingozi ihlanganisa:

• Izinkinga ezinkulu zokuphefumula noma ukucindezeleka kokuphefumula
• Ukuphendula komzimba ngokuqubuka, ukuvuvukala, noma ubunzima bokuphefumula
• Ukudideka okukhulu noma izinkinga zenkumbulo
• Ukulimala noma ukopha okungavamile
• Izinkinga zesibindi (ukuphuzi kwesikhumba noma amehlo)
• Imicabango yokuzibulala noma izinguquko ezinkulu zemizwa

Xhumana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nanoma yimiphi imiphumela emibi kakhulu. Ngisho nemiphumela emibi ejwayelekile kufanele ibikwe uma iba yinkinga noma ingathuthuki ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ubani Ongafanele Athole Ama-Barbiturates?

Abantu abathile akufanele bathathe ama-barbiturates ngenxa yengozi eyengeziwe yezinkinga ezinzima. Udokotela wakho uzobuyekeza ngokucophelela umlando wakho wezokwelapha ngaphambi kokukuyala le mithi.

Akufanele uthathe ama-barbiturates uma wazi ukuthi unokungezwani kwanoma yimuphi umuthi we-barbiturate noma uma unesifo sesibindi esibi. Abantu abanezinkinga ezithile zokuphefumula, njenge-asthma enzima noma i-sleep apnea, ngokuvamile abakwazi ukusebenzisa le mithi ngokuphepha.

Abantu okufanele basebenzise ama-barbiturates ngokucophelela okukhulu noma bawagweme ngokuphelele bahlanganisa:

• Labo abanomlando wokusebenzisa izidakamizwa noma utshwala
• Abantu abanezifo ezinzima zezinso noma isibindi
• Abantu abanezinkinga ezithile zokuphefumula
• Labo abanomlando wokucindezeleka noma imicabango yokuzibulala
• Abesifazane abakhulelwe noma abancelisayo
• Abantu abadala (ingozi eyengeziwe yokuwa nokudideka)
• Abantu abathatha eminye imithi ethile exhumana ngendlela eyingozi

Uma unezinye zalezi zimo, udokotela wakho uzodinga ukukala izingozi nezinzuzo ngokucophelela kakhulu. Ngezinye izikhathi ama-barbiturates asadingeka naphezu kwalezi zinkinga, kodwa uzodinga ukuqapha okwengeziwe futhi mhlawumbe imithamo eguquliwe.

Amagama Omkhiqizo we-Barbiturate

Imithi eminingana ye-barbiturate iyatholakala ngaphansi kwamagama ahlukene omkhiqizo, nakuba emaningi manje etholakala njengezinhlobo ezivamile. Umkhiqizo othile udokotela wakho awubhalayo uncike esimweni sakho nezidingo zokwelashwa.

Amagama ajwayelekile omkhiqizo we-barbiturate afaka i-Nembutal (pentobarbital), i-Luminal (phenobarbital), ne-Seconal (secobarbital). Amanye ama-barbiturates atholakala futhi emikhiqizweni ehlanganisiwe neminye imithi yezimo ezithile.

Usokhemisi wakho angakusiza ukuthi uqonde ukuthi ngabe uthola uhlobo lomkhiqizo noma oluvamile lomuthi wakho. Ama-barbiturates avamile asebenza ngempumelelo njengezinhlobo zomkhiqizo futhi athatha ukuhlolwa okufanayo kokuphepha.

Ezinye izindlela ze-Barbiturate

Ezinye izindlela eziphephile kuma-barbiturates manje ziyatholakala ezimweni eziningi kulezi zinsuku. Udokotela wakho ngokuvamile uzozama lezi ezinye izinketho kuqala ngaphambi kokucabangela ama-barbiturates ngenxa yengozi yawo ephansi yokuncika nemiphumela emibi engathi sína.

Ngezinkinga zokulala, imithi emisha efana ne-zolpidem (Ambien) noma i-eszopiclone (Lunesta) ngokuvamile ziyizinqumo eziphephe kakhulu. Ngokukhathazeka, ama-benzodiazepines afana ne-lorazepam (Ativan) noma ama-antidepressants amasha angase afaneleke kakhulu.

Ukwelashwa okuhlukile kwezimo ezihlukene kufaka phakathi:

• Ukuhlaselwa: Ama-anticonvulsants amasha afana ne-lamotrigine, i-levetiracetam, noma i-topiramate
• Izinkinga zokulala: Izisiza zokulala ezingezona ze-benzodiazepine, i-melatonin, noma izindlela zokuhlanzeka zokulala
• Ukukhathazeka: Ama-SSRIs, ama-SNRIs, noma imithi ethile yokulwa nokukhathazeka
• Ukuphuma kotshwala: Ama-Benzodiazepines noma eminye imithi ekhethekile yokuphuma

Udokotela wakho uzosebenza nawe ukuthola inketho yokwelapha ephephe kakhulu nephumelelayo yesimo sakho esithile. Ngezinye izikhathi ama-barbiturates asayisinqumo esingcono kakhulu, kodwa ukuhlola ezinye izindlela kuqala kuvame ukuba yindlela ekhethwayo.

Ingabe ama-Barbiturates angcono kune-Benzodiazepines?

Ama-Barbiturates nama-benzodiazepines womabili athulisa uhlelo lwezinzwa, kodwa ama-benzodiazepines ngokuvamile abhekwa njengaphephe kakhulu kubantu abaningi. Ngenkathi womabili engasebenza kahle, ama-benzodiazepines anendawo ephephile ebanzi futhi maningi amathuba okuthi abangele izinkinga zokuphefumula eziyingozi.

Ama-Barbiturates ayimithi enamandla engasebenza kahle ezimweni ezinzima njengokuhlaselwa okunzima ukukulawula. Kodwa-ke, lawa mandla andisiwe asho ukuthi athwala izingozi eziphakeme zemiphumela emibi engathi sína kanye nokweqisa.

Izinzuzo eziyinhloko zama-benzodiazepines ngaphezu kwama-barbiturates zihlanganisa ingozi ephansi yokweqisa okubulalayo, ukuxhumana okuncane neminye imithi, futhi ngokuvamile imiphumela emibi eminingi engathi sína. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni ezithile ezithile njenge-status epilepticus, ama-barbiturates angase abe yisinqumo esikhethwayo.

Udokotela wakho uzokhetha phakathi kwale mithi ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho esithile, umlando wezokwelapha, kanye nezici eziyingozi zomuntu ngamunye. Akukho hlobo lomuthi okufanele luthathwe ngaphandle kokuqondiswa kwezokwelapha okucophelelayo.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana nama-Barbiturates

Q1. Ingabe ama-Barbiturates aphephile kubantu abanezifo zenhliziyo?

Abantu abanezifo zenhliziyo ngezinye izikhathi bangathatha ama-barbiturates, kodwa badinga ukugadwa okwengeziwe kwezokwelapha. Le mithi ingathinta izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo nomfutho wegazi, ngakho udokotela wakho uzodinga ukukuqapha eduze.

Uma unezinkinga zenhliziyo, udokotela wakho angase aqale ngomthamo ophansi noma akhethe i-barbiturate ehlukile enobungane ngohlelo lwakho lwe-cardiovascular. Ukuhlolwa njalo nokugadwa kwenhliziyo kungase kudingeke ngenkathi uthatha le mithi.

Q2. Kufanele Ngenzeni Uma Ngithatha I-Barbiturate Eningi Ngengozi?

Uma usola ukuthi uthathe i-barbiturate eningi, funa usizo oluphuthumayo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha ngokushayela u-911 noma uya egumbini eliphuthumayo eliseduze. Ukweqisa kwe-Barbiturate kungaba yingozi empilweni futhi kudinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha kochwepheshe.

Izimpawu zokweqisa zihlanganisa ukozela okukhulu, ubunzima bokuphefumula, ukudideka, noma ukulahlekelwa ukwazi. Ungalindi ukubona ukuthi izimpawu ziyathuthuka yini zodwa, njengoba ukweqisa kwe-barbiturate kungaba yingozi ngokushesha ngaphandle kokungenelela okufanele kwezokwelapha.

Q3. Kufanele Ngenzeni Uma Ngiphuthelwa Umthamo We-Barbiturate?

Uma uphuthelwa umthamo, wuthatha ngokushesha lapho ukhumbula, ngaphandle kokuthi sekuseduze nesikhathi somthamo wakho olandelayo ohleliwe. Ungalokothi uthathe imithamo emibili ngesikhathi esisodwa ukuze ulungise umthamo ophuthelwe, ngoba lokhu kungaba yingozi.

Ngemithi yokuhlaselwa yisithuthwane, ukweqa imithamo kungakhuphula ingozi yakho yokuhlaselwa yisithuthwane. Xhumana nodokotela wakho uma uvame ukukhohlwa imithamo, njengoba bengase bakwazi ukukusiza ukuthi uthuthukise isimiso esingcono noma ulungise isimiso sakho semithi.

Q4. Ngingayeka Nini Ukuthatha Ama-Barbiturates?

Ungalokothi uyeke ukuthatha ama-barbiturates ngokuzumayo ngaphandle kwesiqondiso sikadokotela wakho, ikakhulukazi uma ubelokhu uwathatha isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto ambalwa. Ukuyeka kungazelelwe kungabangela izimpawu zokuhoxisa eziyingozi, okuhlanganisa nokuhlaselwa yisithuthwane.

Udkt wakho uzokwenza isimiso sokunciphisa kancane kancane ukuze anciphise umthamo wakho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Le nqubo ingathatha amasonto noma izinyanga, kuye ngokuthi usunesikhathi esingakanani usebenzisa umuthi nokuthi usebenzisa muphi umthamo.

Q5. Ngingakwazi yini ukuphuza utshwala ngenkathi ngithatha ama-Barbiturates?

Akufanele neze uphuze utshwala ngenkathi uthatha ama-barbiturates, ngoba le nhlanganisela ingaba yingozi kakhulu futhi ingabulala. Zombili lezi zinto zicindezela uhlelo lwakho lwezinzwa oluphakathi, futhi uma zihlangene zinganciphisa ukuphefumula kwakho nokushaya kwenhliziyo ngendlela eyingozi.

Ngisho namanani amancane otshwala angaba yingozi uma ehlanganiswe nama-barbiturates. Uma ukhathazeka ngokusebenzisa utshwala, xoxa lokhu ngokukhululeka nodokotela wakho, ngoba bangase badinge ukukhetha omunye umuthi noma banikeze ukwesekwa okwengeziwe kokuyeka utshwala.