Yini i-Bevacizumab: Ukusetshenziswa, Umthamo, Imiphumela Eceleni nokuningi

I-Bevacizumab iyikhambi lomdlavuza eliqondiwe elisiza ukulwa nezinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza ngokuqeda ukuhlinzekwa kwegazi lawo. Le mithi isebenza ngokuvimba iphrotheni ebizwa nge-VEGF esiza izimila ukuthi zikhule imithambo emisha yegazi ukuze zizondle.

Udokotela wakho angase akuncomele i-bevacizumab uma unezinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza njengomdlavuza wamathumbu, wamaphaphu, wezinso, noma izimila zobuchopho. Njalo inikezwa nge-IV esibhedlela noma emtholampilo, lapho ochwepheshe bezokwelapha bengakugada eduze ngaso sonke isikhathi sokwelashwa.

Yini i-Bevacizumab?

I-Bevacizumab iyisidakamizwa esenziwe elabhorethri esiqondise amangqamuzana omdlavuza ngendlela ethile. Cabanga ngayo njengomqaphi oqeqeshwe kakhulu oqaphela futhi avimbe izimpawu ezithile ezisetshenziswa amangqamuzana omdlavuza ukuthi akhule futhi asabalale.

Le mithi ingeyeqembu lezidakamizwa ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-angiogenesis inhibitors, okusho ukuthi imisa ukwakheka kwemithambo emisha yegazi. Amangqamuzana omdlavuza adinga ukuhlinzekwa okuqhubekayo kwezakhi kanye nomoya-mpilo ngemithambo yegazi ukuze asinde futhi ande. Ngokuvimba lokhu kuhlinzekwa kwegazi, i-bevacizumab empeleni ilambisa isimila.

Lesi sidakamizwa saziwa nangegama lalo lomkhiqizo elithi Avastin futhi siza njengoketshezi olucacile oluxutshwa ochwepheshe bezempilo ngesisombululo se-saline. Kuthathwa njenge-monoclonal antibody, okusho ukuthi yakhelwe ukuthi iqondise iphrotheni eyodwa ethile emzimbeni wakho.

Isetshenziselwani i-Bevacizumab?

I-Bevacizumab iphatha izinhlobo eziningana zomdlavuza othuthukile, ngokuvamile ihlanganiswe neminye imithi yomdlavuza. Udokotela wakho we-oncologist uzoqaphela ukuthi ngabe lokhu kwelashwa kulungile yini esimweni sakho esithile ngokusekelwe ohlotsheni lomdlavuza wakho nesigaba.

Nawa amanye amdlavuza lapho i-bevacizumab ingasiza khona:

• Umdlavuza wamathumbu omdala oye wasabalala kwezinye izindawo zomzimba wakho
• Umdlavuza wamaphaphu ongawona amancane ezigabeni ezithuthukile
• Umdlavuza wezinso (i-renal cell carcinoma)
• Amathumba obuchopho, ikakhulukazi i-glioblastoma
• Umdlavuza wesisu obuyile noma osabalalayo
• Umdlavuza wama-ovari obuye emva kokwelashwa kokuqala

Udkt wakho angase futhi acabangele i-bevacizumab kwezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza emitholampilo noma ezimweni ezikhethekile. Umuthi awuvamile ukusetshenziswa wodwa futhi ngokuvamile usebenza kanye nemithi ye-chemotherapy ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kwayo.

Isebenza Kanjani I-Bevacizumab?

I-Bevacizumab isebenza ngokugxila kuphrotheni ebizwa ngokuthi i-vascular endothelial growth factor, noma i-VEGF ngamafuphi. Le phrotheni isebenza njengesiginali etshela umzimba wakho ukuthi wakhe imithambo emisha yegazi, okuyinqubo ejwayelekile enempilo.

Amaseli omdlavuza athatha le nqubo yemvelo ngokukhiqiza i-VEGF eyeqile ukuze akhe inethiwekhi yawo yomthambo wegazi. Le mithambo emisha iletha i-oksijini kanye nezakhamzimba ezisiza amathumba ukuthi akhule abe makhulu futhi asabalale kwezinye izindawo zomzimba wakho.

Lapho i-bevacizumab ingena ohlelweni lwakho, ibopha kumaphrotheni e-VEGF futhi iwavimbela ukuthi angathumeli izimpawu zawo zokwakha imithambo yegazi. Le nqubo empeleni inqamula ukuhlinzekwa kokudla kwethumba, okubangela ukuthi linciphe noma liyeke ukukhula.

Umuthi uthathwa njengomuthi onamandla ngokulinganisela futhi ngokuvamile ubonisa imiphumela ngaphakathi kwemijikelezo embalwa yokwelashwa. Kodwa-ke, isebenza ngendlela ehlukile kunemithi yendabuko ye-chemotherapy eqondile ebulala amaseli omdlavuza.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Kanjani I-Bevacizumab?

I-Bevacizumab ngaso sonke isikhathi inikezwa ngomugqa we-intravenous (IV) esibhedlela, emtholampilo, noma esikhungweni sokwelashwa komdlavuza. Awukwazi ukuthatha lo muthi ekhaya noma ngomlomo, njengoba udinga ukulungiswa ngokucophelela futhi uqashwe ochwepheshe bezempilo.

Ukwelashwa kwakho ngokuvamile kuzolandela le nqubo: Okokuqala, umhlengikazi uzofaka umugqa we-IV engalweni yakho noma afinyelele echwebeni lakho uma unalo. Umuthi-ke uxutshwa ngesisombululo se-saline bese unikezwa kancane kancane ngemizuzu engama-30 kuya kwengama-90.

Ngaphambi kokufakwa ngakunye, akudingeki ukuthi ugweme ukudla noma ukuphuza ngaphandle uma udokotela wakho ekunikeza imiyalelo ethile. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlala unamanzi ngokwanele ngokuphuza amanzi amaningi ezinsukwini eziholela ekwelashweni kungasiza umzimba wakho ukuthi ukwazi ukucubungula umuthi kangcono.

Uzothola i-bevacizumab njalo ngemva kwamasonto ama-2 kuya kwama-3, kuye ngohlelo lwakho lokwelashwa. Iseshini ngayinye ingathatha amahora ama-2 kuya kwama-4 esewonke, okuhlanganisa isikhathi sokulungiselela nokuqapha ngemva kwalokho.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Isikhathi Esingakanani I-Bevacizumab?

Ubude bokwelashwa kwakho nge-bevacizumab buxhomeke ekutheni umdlavuza wakho usabela kahle kangakanani nokuthi umzimba wakho ukubekezelela kanjani umuthi. Abantu abaningi bathola ukwelashwa izinyanga eziningana, nakuba abanye bengase bakudinge unyaka noma ngaphezulu.

Udokotela wakho we-oncologist uzoqapha intuthuko yakho ngokuskena njalo nokuhlolwa kwegazi ukuze anqume ukuthi uzoqhubeka nini, ulungise, noma umise ukwelashwa. Uma umdlavuza wakho unciphisa noma uyeka ukukhula ngaphandle kwemiphumela emibi, ungaqhubeka nokwelashwa isikhathi eside.

Abanye abantu bangase badinge ukumisa ukwelashwa okwesikhashana uma bethuthukisa imiphumela ethile emibi, bese beqala kabusha uma lezi zinkinga zixazululwa. Udokotela wakho uzosebenza nawe ukuthola ibhalansi efanele phakathi kokulwa nomdlavuza wakho nokugcina izinga lempilo yakho.

Yiziphi Imiphumela Emibi Ye-Bevacizumab?

Njengayo yonke imithi yomdlavuza, i-bevacizumab ingabangela imiphumela emibi, nakuba kungewona wonke umuntu oyitholayo. Imiphumela eminingi emibi ilawuleka ngokunakekelwa kwezempilo okufanele nokuqapha.

Imiphumela emibi evamile abantu abaningi abayitholayo ihlanganisa:

• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu odokotela bakho abazowuqapha ngokucophelela
• Ukukhathala okungenza uzizwe ukhathele kunokujwayelekile
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu elivame ukulawulwa ngamaphilisi aqeda ubuhlungu angathengwa ngaphandle kwemvume kadokotela
• Isicanucanu esingase sithinte ukudla kwakho
• Ukuqunjelwa noma izinguquko ekuhambeni kwamathumbu
• Ukuphuma kwegazi emakhaleni noma ukopha okuncane okuyeka kalula
• Ushintsho ekunambithekeni okungenza ukudla kunambitheke ngendlela ehlukile

Le miphumela eseceleni yansuku zonke ivamise ukuthuthuka njengoba umzimba wakho ujwayela imithi, futhi ithimba lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo linezindlela eziningi zokuyisiza ukuyilawula.

Imiphumela eseceleni engavamile kodwa ebucayi idinga ukunakekelwa kwezempilo ngokushesha futhi ihlanganisa:

• Ukuphuma kwegazi okukhulu okungayeki kalula
• Amaqhubu egazi angase abangele ubuhlungu emlenzeni noma izinkinga zokuphefumula
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu kakhulu onezimpawu ezinjengekhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu noma izinguquko embonweni
• Izinkinga zezinso ezingase zibangele ukuvuvukala noma izinguquko ekuchameni
• Izinkinga zenhliziyo ezingase zibangele ubuhlungu besifuba noma ukuphefumula kanzima
• Ukuqhumuka kwamathumbu, okubangela ubuhlungu obukhulu besisu

Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizokuqapha ngokucophelela le miphumela ebucayi kakhulu futhi likufundise izimpawu zokuxwayisa okufanele uziqaphele phakathi kokwelashwa.

Izinkinga ezingavamile kodwa ezinzima ezenzeka ngamaphesenti amancane ezigulini zihlanganisa:

• Izinkinga ezinkulu zokuphola kwamanxeba ezingase zilibazise ukuhlinzwa
• I-Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome (RPLS), ethinta ubuchopho
• Amaprotheni amaningi emchameni (i-proteinuria)
• Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo okugcwele kubantu abanezimo zenhliziyo ezikhona
• Ukungezwani komzimba okukhulu ngesikhathi sokufakwa

Ngenkathi le miphumela engavamile izwakala ikhathaza, ithimba lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo liqeqeshwe ukuyibona nokuyilawula ngokushesha uma kwenzeka.

Ubani Ongafanele Athathe i-Bevacizumab?

IBevacizumab ayiphephile kuwo wonke umuntu, futhi udokotela wakho uzobukeza ngokucophelela umlando wakho wezokwelapha ngaphambi kokuncoma lokhu kwelashwa. Ezinye izimo zempilo noma izimo zenza le mithi ibe yingozi kakhulu.

Akufanele uthole i-bevacizumab uma:

• Ukwenziwa okuhlinzwa kwamuva ezinsukwini ezingama-28 ezedlule, njengoba kungaphazamisa ukuphulukiswa kwamanxeba
• Ukuphuma kwegazi okusebenzayo noma umlando wokuphuma kwegazi okukhulu
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu ongagadiwe, onzima
• Ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo noma unhlangothi lwamuva
• Isifo sezinso esibi noma i-proteinuria
• Ukungezwani okwaziwayo ne-bevacizumab noma imithi efanayo

Udokotela wakho uzophinda aqaphele kakhulu uma unezifo zenhliziyo, izifo zokujiya kwegazi, noma umlando wezinkinga zamathumbu. Lezi zimo azikukhiphi ngokuzenzakalelayo ekwelashweni, kodwa zidinga ukuqashwa okuseduze.

Uma ukhulelwe noma uncelisa, i-bevacizumab ayinconyelwe njengoba ingalimaza ingane yakho esakhula. Ithimba lakho lezempilo lizoxoxa ngezindlela zokuvimbela inzalo eziphephile uma uneminyaka yokuzala.

Amagama Omkhiqizo we-Bevacizumab

I-Bevacizumab yaziwa kakhulu ngegama layo lomkhiqizo elithi Avastin, okuyilona nguqulo yokuqala eyenziwe yi-Genentech. Leli igama okungenzeka ukuthi uzolizwa kakhulu eqenjini lakho lezempilo futhi ulubone emaphepheni akho okwelashwa.

Izinhlobo eziningana ze-biosimilar ze-bevacizumab ziye zaqashelwa futhi zingatholakala esikhungweni sakho sokwelashwa. Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-Mvasi, i-Zirabev, ne-Alymsys, esebenza ngendlela efanayo ne-Avastin yasekuqaleni.

Ama-Biosimilars afana kakhulu nemithi yasekuqaleni futhi anempumelelo efanayo kanye nephrofayili yokuphepha. Udokotela wakho noma usokhemisi angasebenzisa noma yimaphi ala magama lapho exoxa ngokwelashwa kwakho, kodwa wonke abhekisela ohlotsheni olufanayo lomuthi.

Ezinye izindlela ze-Bevacizumab

Uma i-bevacizumab ingakulungele noma iyeka ukusebenza ngempumelelo, udokotela wakho we-oncologist unezinye izindlela zokwelapha. Ukukhetha okungcono kuncike ohlotsheni lomdlavuza wakho oluthile kanye nesimo sakho sempilo esiphelele.

Ezinye izinto ezivimbela i-angiogenesis ezisebenza ngendlela efanayo zihlanganisa:

• IRamucirumab (Cyramza) yomdlavuza wesisu namaphaphu
• ISunitinib (Sutent) yomdlavuza wezinso
• ISorafenib (Nexavar) yomdlavuza wesibindi nezinso
• IPazopanib (Votrient) yomdlavuza wezinso

Udkt wakho angase futhi acabange ngemithi ye-immunotherapy, izinhlanganisela ezahlukene ze-chemotherapy, noma amaphilisi okwelapha aqondiwe kuye ngesimo sakho. Ngasinye isinye isinye sinenzuzo yaso kanye nephrofayili yemiphumela emibi.

Izivivinyo zomtholampilo zivame ukunikeza ukufinyelela emithini emisha engatholakali kabanzi. Udokotela wakho we-oncologist angakusiza ukuthi uhlole lezi zinketho uma ukwelashwa okujwayelekile kungafaneleki.

Ingabe i-Bevacizumab Ingcono Kunezinye Izidakamizwa Zomdlavuza?

I-Bevacizumab akudingeki ukuthi ingcono noma imbi kunezinye izidakamizwa zomdlavuza, kodwa kunalokho isebenza ngenjongo ehlukile ohlelweni lwakho lokwelapha. Ivame ukusebenza kahle kakhulu uma ihlanganiswe nemithi ye-chemotherapy yendabuko kunokuthi isetshenziswe yodwa.

Uma iqhathaniswa ne-chemotherapy yodwa, ukwengeza i-bevacizumab kungasiza ukunciphisa izimila ngempumelelo futhi ngezinye izikhathi kusiza abantu ukuthi baphile isikhathi eside. Kodwa-ke, futhi yengeza imiphumela emibi engaba khona okufanele ithimbi lakho lezokwelapha liyiphathise ngokucophelela.

Ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kuwe kuncike ezintweni eziningi okuhlanganisa uhlobo lomdlavuza wakho, isigaba, impilo yonke, nezintandokazi zakho. Udokotela wakho we-oncologist uzocabangela zonke lezi zinto lapho edala uhlelo lwakho lokwelapha olwenzelwe wena.

Abanye abantu benza ngcono ngezinhlanganisela ze-bevacizumab, kanti abanye bangazuza kakhulu ezindleleni ezahlukene njenge-immunotherapy noma amaphilisi okwelapha aqondiwe. Akukho impendulo eyodwa elingana konke ekwelashweni komdlavuza.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana ne-Bevacizumab

Ingabe i-Bevacizumab iphephile kubantu abanezifo zenhliziyo?

I-Bevacizumab idinga ukuqapha okwengeziwe kubantu abanezimo zenhliziyo ezikhona, kodwa ayikhishwe ngokushesha. Udokotela wakho wenhliziyo kanye nodokotela wakho we-oncologist bazosebenzisana ukuze banqume ukuthi izinzuzo zidlula yini izingozi esimweni sakho esithile.

Uma unesifo senhliziyo, ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizobheka ukusebenza kwenhliziyo yakho eduze ngesikhathi sokwelashwa. Bangase balungise umthamo wakho, bahlele ukuhlolwa okuvame kakhulu, noma batusa imithi evikela inhliziyo kanye nokwelashwa kwakho umdlavuza.

Ngingenzani uma ngithola i-Bevacizumab eningi ngengozi?

Ukweqisa kwe-bevacizumab akunakwenzeka ngoba ochwepheshe bezempilo babala ngokucophelela futhi banikeze yonke imithamo. Umuthi unikezwa kancane nge-IV ngenkathi uqashwe, okwenza ukweqisa ngengozi kungenzeki.

Uma ukhathazekile ngomthamo wakho noma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezingavamile ngemva kokwelashwa, xhumana nethimba lakho le-oncology ngokushesha. Bangahlola izimpawu zakho futhi banikeze ukunakekelwa okufanele uma kudingeka.

Ngingenzani uma ngiphuthelwa umthamo we-Bevacizumab?

Uma uphuthelwa i-aphoyintimenti ye-bevacizumab ehleliwe, xhumana nethimba lakho le-oncology ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze uhlele kabusha. Bazonquma isikhathi esingcono kakhulu somthamo wakho olandelayo ngokusekelwe esimisweni sakho sokwelashwa nokuthi isikhathi esingakanani esidlulile.

Ungazami ukwenza imithamo ephuthelwe ngokuhlela ukwelashwa eduze. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizolungisa uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa ngokuphepha ukuze likubuyisele emgwaqeni ngenkathi ligcina ukusebenza komuthi.

Ngingayeka nini ukuthatha i-Bevacizumab?

Kufanele uyeke kuphela ukwelashwa kwe-bevacizumab ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukadokotela wakho we-oncologist, ngisho noma uzizwa ungcono. Izinqumo zokwelashwa komdlavuza ziyinkimbinkimbi futhi zisekelwe emiphumeleni yokuskena, ukuhlolwa kwegazi, kanye nokuphendula kwakho konke ekwelashweni.

Udkt wakho uzohlola njalo ukuthi uzoqhubeka yini, uguqule, noma umise ukwelashwa kwakho ngokusekelwe ekutheni kusebenza kahle kangakanani nokuthi ukukuthola kanjani. Abanye abantu bangase badinge ukuyeka ngenxa yemiphumela emibi, kanti abanye bangase baqhubeke izinyanga eziningi uma ukwelashwa kuphumelela.

Ngingakwazi yini ukuthola imigomo ngenkathi ngithatha i-Bevacizumab?

Imigomo eminingi ejwayelekile iphephile ngenkathi uthola i-bevacizumab, kodwa kufanele uhlale uhlola neqembu lakho le-oncology kuqala. Bangase batusa ukuhlela imigomo phakathi kwemijikelezo yokwelashwa noma ukugwema imigomo ephilayo ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwakho.

Isistimu yakho yokuzivikela emzimbeni ingase ingasabeli ngokuqinile emigomweni ngenkathi usekwelashweni lomdlavuza, ngakho udokotela wakho angase asikisele izinyathelo zokuphepha ezengeziwe noma imijovo eyengeziwe. Gcina ithimba lakho lezokwelapha linolwazi nganoma iyiphi imigomo oyicabangayo.