Yini i-Corticosteroid (Indlela Yomlomo/Indlela ye-Parenteral): Ukusetshenziswa, Umthamo, Imiphumela Eceleni nokuningi

Ama-Corticosteroids ayimithi enamandla yokulwa nokuvuvukala elingisa i-cortisol, i-hormone umzimba wakho oyikhiqiza ngokwemvelo ezinqulwini zakho ze-adrenal. Uma ithathwa ngomlomo (indlela yomlomo) noma ngokujova (indlela ye-parenteral), le mithi inganciphisa ngempumelelo ukuvuvukala futhi icindezele amasosha akho omzimba uma esebenza ngokweqile. Ziyalelwe izimo eziningi, kusukela ekusabeleni okukhulu komzimba kuya ezifweni ze-autoimmune, futhi ngenkathi zingasiza ngendlela emangalisayo, zidinga ukuqapha ngokucophelela nokulungiswa komthamo kancane kancane.

Yini i-Corticosteroid?

Ama-Corticosteroids ayizinhlobo ezenziwe nge-cortisol, ngokuvamile ebizwa ngokuthi

• Ukusabela okukhulu komzimba: Kubandakanya i-anaphylaxis, ukuhlaselwa okukhulu kwesifuba, kanye nokungezwani komzimba nezidakamizwa
• Izifo ze-Autoimmune: Njenge-rheumatoid arthritis, i-lupus, kanye nesifo samathumbu esivuvukalayo
• Izimo zokuphefumula: Kubandakanya isifuba esibi, ukuqubuka kwesifo sokuvinjwa kwamaphaphu okungapheli (COPD), kanye nomkhuhlane wamaphaphu
• Izimo zesikhumba: Njenge-eczema ebucayi, i-psoriasis, kanye ne-dermatitis yokungezwani komzimba
• Izimo ezivuvukalayo: Kubandakanya i-bursitis, i-tendonitis, kanye nokuvuvukala kwamalunga
• Izimo zemizwa: Njengokuqubuka kwe-multiple sclerosis kanye nezinhlobo ezithile zokuhlaselwa

Ngokuvamile, odokotela banikeza ama-corticosteroids ngomdlavuza othile, ukuvimbela ukwenqatshwa kokufakelwa izitho, kanye nezifo ezinzima lapho ukuvuvukala kusongela ukusebenza kwezitho. Udokotela wakho uzohlolisisa izinzuzo ngokumelene nezingozi ezingaba khona lapho ecabangela le mithi ngesimo sakho esithile.

Isebenza Kanjani I-Corticosteroid?

Ama-Corticosteroids athathwa njengemithi ephakathi nendawo kuya eqinile esebenza ngokulingisa nokwandisa izinqubo zomzimba zakho zokulwa nokuvuvukala. Akuyona imithi eqine kakhulu etholakalayo, kodwa ngokuqinisekile inamandla kakhulu kunezidakamizwa zokulwa nokuvuvukala ezingathengiswa ngaphandle kwemvume kadokotela.

Le mithi isebenza ngokubopha kuma-receptors athile ngaphakathi kwamaseli akho, empeleni inike amaseli akho imiyalelo emisha mayelana nendlela yokusabela ekuvuvukeni. Batshela amasosha akho omzimba ukuthi azole futhi anciphise ukukhiqizwa kwezinto ezivuvukalayo ezibangela ukuvuvukala, ubuhlungu, nokulimala kwesicubu.

Amandla ama-corticosteroids ahlukahluka ngokuya ngohlobo oluthile kanye nomthamo. Ezinye, njenge-prednisone, zithathwa njengamandla aphakathi nendawo, kanti ezinye njenge-dexamethasone zinamandla amakhulu. Udokotela wakho uzokhetha amandla afanele ngokuya ngobukhulu besimo sakho nokusabela komzimba wakho ekwelashweni.

Kufanele Ngizithathe Kanjani I-Corticosteroid?

Ukuthatha ama-corticosteroids ngendlela efanele kubalulekile ekusebenzeni nasekuvikelekeni. Udokotela wakho uzonikeza imiyalelo ethile, kodwa kuneziqondiso ezijwayelekile ezisebenza kubantu abaningi.

Ngama-corticosteroids omlomo, wathathe nokudla noma ubisi ukuvikela isembozo sesisu sakho. Le mithi ingathukuthelisa uhlelo lwakho lokugaya ukudla, ngakho ukuba nokuthile esiswini sakho kusiza ekuvikeleni isicanucanu nokungakhululeki kwesisu. Inkomishi yobisi noma ukudla okulula kusebenza kahle.

Thatha umthamo wakho ekuseni uma kungenzeka, okungcono phakathi kuka-6 no-8 AM. Lesi sikhathi sihambisana nephathini yakho yomzimba yokukhiqizwa kwe-cortisol futhi kungasiza ekunciphiseni ukuphazamiseka kokulala. Uma uthatha imithamo eminingi nsuku zonke, yihlukanise ngokulinganayo usuku lonke njengoba udokotela wakho encoma.

Ngama-corticosteroids e-parenteral (umjovo), lawa ngokuvamile anikezwa ochwepheshe bezempilo ezindaweni zezokwelapha. Indawo yokujova nendlela kuncike esimweni sakho esithile - kungase kube emsipheni, emthanjeni, noma ngqo emthanjeni okhathazekile.

Kufanele Ngithathe I-Corticosteroid Isikhathi Esingakanani?

Ubude bokwelashwa nge-corticosteroid buhluka kakhulu kuye ngesimo sakho nokuthi umzimba wakho usabela kanjani. Ukusetshenziswa kwesikhashana kuvame ukuhlala kusuka ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kuya emavikini ambalwa, kuyilapho ezinye izimo ezingapheli zingase zidinge izikhathi zokwelashwa ezinde.

Ezimweni eziphuthumayo njengokungezwani komzimba okukhulu noma ukuqubuka kwe-asthma, ungase uthathe ama-corticosteroids izinsuku eziyi-3-7 nje. Lezi zifundo ezimfushane, ezivame ukubizwa ngokuthi

Ungayeki ukuthatha ama-corticosteroids ngokuzumayo, ikakhulukazi uma uziqede isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto ambalwa. Umzimba wakho udinga isikhathi sokuzivumelanisa futhi uqale ukukhiqiza i-cortisol yawo futhi. Udokotela wakho uzokwenza isimiso sokunciphisa esinciphisa kancane kancane umthamo wakho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Yini Imiphumela Eceleni Yama-Corticosteroid?

Ama-Corticosteroid angabangela imiphumela emibi, ikakhulukazi uma esetshenziswa isikhathi eside noma ngemithamo ephezulu. Ukuqonda le miphumela engaba khona kukusiza ukuthi wazi ukuthi yini okufanele uyibheke nokuthi ungaxhumana nini nodokotela wakho.

Imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile abantu abaningi abayitholayo ihlanganisa:

• Ukukhuphuka kwesifiso sokudla nokukhuluphala: Ungase uzizwe ulambile kunokujwayelekile futhi uqaphele ukukhuluphala, ikakhulukazi emzimbeni wakho ophakathi
• Ushintsho lwemizwa: Kuhlanganisa ukwanda kwamandla, ukungazinzi, ukukhathazeka, noma ukuguquguquka kwemizwa
• Izinkinga zokulala: Ukuhluleka ukulala noma ukuhlala ulele, ikakhulukazi uma uthathwa ngasekupheleni kosuku
• Ukuphazamiseka kwesisu: Ukucasuka, ukusha kwenhliziyo, noma ukucasuka kwesisu
• Ukwanda koshukela wegazi: Kubaluleke kakhulu uma unesifo sikashukela noma i-pre-diabetes
• Ukuvuvukala okuncane: Ikakhulukazi ezandleni zakho, ezinyaweni, noma ebusweni ngenxa yokugcinwa kwamanzi

Ngokusebenzisa isikhathi eside, abanye abantu bangase bathole imiphumela engathi sína edinga ukuqapha okuseduze:

• Ukuncipha kwamathambo (i-osteoporosis): Ukwanda kwengozi yokuphuka, ikakhulukazi emgogodleni nasemathangeni
• Ukwanda kwengozi yokutheleleka: Uhlelo lwakho lomzimba lokuzivikela lungase lungakwazi ukulwa nezifo
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu: Ukuqapha njalo kuba kubalulekile
• Ubuthakathaka bemisipha: Ikakhulukazi ezingalweni nasemilenzeni yakho
• Ushintsho esikhumbeni: Kuhlanganisa ukulimala kalula, ukuphola kwamanxeba okuhamba kancane, kanye nezimpawu zokwelula

Imiphumela emibi kodwa ebucayi ihlanganisa izinguquko ezinzima zemizwa, izinkinga zombono, kanye nokucindezelwa kwegland ye-adrenal. Xhumana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nokucindezeleka okukhulu, imicabango yokuzilimaza, izinguquko zombono ezingazelelwe, noma izimpawu zokutheleleka njengomkhuhlane noma ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo.

Ubani Ongafanele Athole I-Corticosteroid?

Abantu abathile badinga ukugwema ama-corticosteroids noma bawasebenzise ngokuqapha okukhulu. Udokotela wakho uzohlola ngokucophelela umlando wakho wezokwelapha ngaphambi kokukuchazela le mithi.

Akufanele uthathe ama-corticosteroids uma une:

• Ukutheleleka okusebenzayo: Ikakhulukazi ukutheleleka nge-fungal, njengoba ama-corticosteroids engacindezela amasosha akho omzimba futhi enze ukutheleleka kube kubi kakhulu
• Imithi yokugomela ngegciwane elibukhoma ehleliwe: Linda ngemva kokuqeda ukwelashwa kwakho nge-corticosteroid
• Ukungezwani okwaziwayo: Ku-corticosteroid ethile noma yiziphi izithako zayo

Sebenzisa ama-corticosteroids ngokucophelela uma une:

• Isifo sikashukela: Le mithi ingakhuphula kakhulu amazinga kashukela egazini
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu: Ama-corticosteroids angakhuphula umfutho wegazi ngokuqhubekayo
• I-Osteoporosis: Ingozi yokwenza amathambo buthaka ngokuqhubekayo
• I-Glaucoma: Ukwanda kwengcindezi yamehlo kungenzeka
• Izilonda zesisu: Ingozi yokopha noma ukubhoboka
• Izimo zempilo yengqondo: Kubandakanya ukucindezeleka, ukukhathazeka, noma isifo se-bipolar

Abesifazane abakhulelwe nabancelisa ngamabele badinga ukucatshangelwa okukhethekile. Ngenkathi ama-corticosteroids engasetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa lapho izinzuzo zidlula izingozi, adinga ukuqapha ngokucophelela. Udokotela wakho uzoxoxa ngezinketho eziphephe kakhulu zesimo sakho esithile.

Amagama Omkhiqizo we-Corticosteroid

Ama-corticosteroids atholakala ngaphansi kwamagama ahlukahlukene emikhiqizo, kuye ngomuthi othile kanye nokwakheka kwawo. Ukwazi la magama kukusiza ukuthi ubone umuthi wakho futhi uqonde ukuthi uthathani.

Amagama ajwayelekile emikhiqizo yama-corticosteroid omlomo ahlanganisa:

• Prednisone: Deltasone, Rayos, Prednisone Intensol
• Prednisolone: Orapred, Prelone, Pediapred
• Methylprednisolone: Medrol, Medrol Dosepak
• Dexamethasone: Decadron, DexPak
• Hydrocortisone: Cortef

Ama-corticosteroids ajovwayo ahlanganisa i-Solu-Medrol (methylprednisolone), i-Solu-Cortef (hydrocortisone), kanye ne-Decadron (dexamethasone). Lawa ngokuvamile anikezwa ezindaweni zokunakekelwa kwezempilo futhi angase abe namagama ahlukene emikhiqizo kuye ngomenzi.

Ezinye izindlela zama-Corticosteroid

Kukhona ezinye izindlela zama-corticosteroids, kuye ngesimo sakho esithile. Udokotela wakho angase acabangele lezi zinketho uma ama-corticosteroids engakulungele noma uma uhlangabezana nemiphumela emibi ebalulekile.

Imithi elwa nokuvuvukala engeyona i-steroidal (NSAIDs) efana ne-ibuprofen, naproxen, kanye ne-celecoxib ingasiza ekuvuvukeni nasezinhlungwini. Nakuba inganamandla njengama-corticosteroids, ingase yanele izimo zokuvuvukala ezimaphakathi.

Imithi yokulungisa izifo ze-antirheumatic (DMARDs) efana ne-methotrexate kanye ne-sulfasalazine inikeza ukulawulwa kwesikhathi eside sezimo ze-autoimmune. Le mithi isebenza ngendlela ehlukile kunama-corticosteroids kodwa ingasebenza ngokulinganayo ezifweni ezingapheli zokuvuvukala.

Imithi ye-Biologic imele izinketho zokwelapha ezintsha zezimo ezinjenge-rheumatoid arthritis kanye nesifo samathumbu esivuvukalayo. Lezi zindlela zokwelapha eziqondiwe zingasebenza kahle kakhulu kodwa zidinga ukuqapha ngokucophelela futhi ngokuvamile zibiza kakhulu kunemithi yendabuko.

Ingabe i-Corticosteroid ingcono kune-Prednisone?

I-Prednisone empeleni wuhlobo lwe-corticosteroid, ngakho ukuqhathanisa ama-corticosteroids ne-prednisone kufana nokuqhathanisa izimoto ne-Honda – i-prednisone ilungu elilodwa lomndeni we-corticosteroid. Umbuzo ngempela uba ukuthi iyiphi i-corticosteroid esebenza kahle kakhulu esimweni sakho esithile.

I-Prednisone ivame ukubhekwa njenge-“gold standard” ye-corticosteroid yomlomo ngoba ifundwe kahle, iyasebenza, futhi inemiphumela elindelekile. Inamandla amaphakathi futhi isebenza kahle ezimweni eziningi zokuvuvukala.

Ezinye izinhlobo ze-corticosteroids njenge-dexamethasone zinamandla amakhulu kodwa zisebenza isikhathi eside, okuzenza zibe ngcono ezimweni ezithile kodwa zingase zibangele imiphumela eminingi emibi. I-Prednisolone ifana ne-prednisone kodwa ingase imuncwe kangcono kubantu abanezinkinga zesibindi.

Udokotela wakho uzokhetha i-corticosteroid engcono kakhulu ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho esithile, ukuthi udinga ukukhululeka ngokushesha kangakanani, ukuthi uzodinga ukwelashwa isikhathi esingakanani, kanye nezici zakho eziyingozi zokuthola imiphumela emibi.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana ne-Corticosteroid

Ingabe i-Corticosteroid iphephile kubantu abanesifo sikashukela?

Ama-Corticosteroids angasetshenziswa kubantu abanesifo sikashukela, kodwa adinga ukuqashwa ngokucophelela kakhulu futhi ngokuvamile kudingeka ukuthi kulungiswe imithi yesifo sikashukela. Le mithi ikhuphula kakhulu amazinga kashukela egazini, okungaba yingozi kubantu abanesifo sikashukela.

Udokotela wakho cishe uzofuna ukuqapha ushukela wakho wegazi kaningi ngenkathi uthatha ama-corticosteroids. Ungase udinge ukulungisa imithi yakho yesifo sikashukela okwesikhashana noma uhlole ushukela wakho wegazi kaningi ekhaya. Abanye abantu bangase badinge ukuqala ukusebenzisa i-insulin okwesikhashana, ngisho noma bengayithathi ngokujwayelekile.

Izinzuzo zokwelashwa nge-corticosteroid zivame ukwedlula izingozi ezimweni ezinzima, ngisho nakubantu abanesifo sikashukela. Ithimba lakho lezempilo lizosebenza nawe ukuze liphathe isimo sakho esiyisisekelo kanye namazinga kashukela wakho wegazi ngokuphepha.

Ngingenzani uma ngiphuthelwa ngisebenzisa i-Corticosteroid eningi kakhulu?

Uma ngabe uthatha i-corticosteroid eningi ngengozi, xhumana nodokotela wakho noma isikhungo sokulawula ubuthi ngokushesha. Ukuthatha okuningi kungabangela imiphumela emibi, ikakhulukazi ethinta inhliziyo yakho, umfutho wegazi, kanye namazinga kashukela egazini.

Izimpawu zokweqisa kwe-corticosteroid zingabandakanya isicanucanu esibi, ukuhlanza, isiyezi, ikhanda elibuhlungu, ubuthakathaka bemisipha, noma izinguquko esigqi senhliziyo. Ungase futhi uhlangabezane nezinguquko ezingavamile zemizwa, ukudideka, noma ubunzima bokuphefumula.

Ungazami ukuzama ukulungisa ngokweqa umthamo wakho olandelayo. Kunalokho, landela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho yokubuyela esimisweni sakho esijwayelekile sokulinganisa. Gcina imithi yakho esitsheni esinamathelisiwe ngokusobala futhi ucabangele ukusebenzisa umhleli wamaphilisi ukuvimbela ukudideka okuzayo.

Kufanele Ngenzeni Uma Ngiphuthelwa Umthamo We-Corticosteroid?

Uma uphuthelwa umthamo we-corticosteroid, yithathe ngokushesha lapho ukhumbula, ngaphandle uma sekuseduze isikhathi somthamo wakho olandelayo. Kulokho, weqa umthamo ophuthelwe futhi uqhubeke neshejuli yakho ejwayelekile – ungaqedi imithamo emibili.

Ukuphuthelwa imithamo ngezikhathi ezithile ngokuvamile akuyona ingozi, kodwa zama ukugcina ukuqina ukuze uthole imiphumela engcono kakhulu. Uma uthatha ama-corticosteroids ngesimo esibi njenge-asthma eqinile noma isifo se-autoimmune, ukuphuthelwa imithamo kungavumela izimpawu ukuthi zibuye.

Setha izikhumbuzi zocingo noma usebenzise umhleli wamaphilisi ukusiza ukukhumbula imithamo yakho. Uma uvame ukukhohlwa imithi, khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana namasu okuthuthukisa ukunamathela noma ukuthi ngabe ishejuli yokulinganisa ehlukile ingasebenza kangcono kuwe.

Ngingayeka Nini Ukuthatha I-Corticosteroid?

Ungalokothi uyeke ukuthatha ama-corticosteroids ngokuzumayo ngaphandle kwesiqondiso sikadokotela wakho, ikakhulukazi uma ubezithatha isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto ambalwa. Umzimba wakho udinga isikhathi sokuzivumelanisa futhi uqale ukukhiqiza i-cortisol yawo futhi.

Udkt wakho uzokwenza isimiso sokunciphisa umthamo kancane kancane ngaphezu kwezinsuku, amasonto, noma ngisho nezinyanga, kuye ngokuthi usuthatha isikhathi esingakanani umuthi kanye nokuphendula kwakho ngakunye. Lokhu kuvimbela izimpawu zokuhoxiswa futhi kuvumela amaglands akho e-adrenal ukuthi aqale ukusebenza okujwayelekile.

Izimpawu zokuthi ungase ukulungele ukuyeka zihlanganisa izimpawu ezilawulwayo, isimo esizinzile, kanye nokuqeda ngempumelelo uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa. Udkt wakho uzoqapha inqubekela phambili yakho futhi alungise isimiso sokunciphisa umthamo ngokusekelwe ekuphenduleni kwakho ekuncishisweni komthamo.

Ngingakwazi yini ukuphuza utshwala ngenkathi ngithatha i-Corticosteroid?

Ngokuvamile kungcono ukukhawulela noma ukugwema utshwala ngenkathi uthatha ama-corticosteroids. Kokubili utshwala nama-corticosteroids kungathukuthelisa umugqa wesisu sakho, okwandisa ingozi yezilonda zesisu nokopha uma kuhlanganiswe.

Utshwala bungase futhi benze ezinye izinto ezingezinhle ze-corticosteroid zibe zimbi kakhulu, okuhlanganisa izinguquko zemizwa, izinkinga zokulala, kanye nokuguquguquka kukashukela wegazi. Uma unesifo sikashukela, utshwala bungenza ukulawulwa kukashukela wegazi kube yinselele enkulu ngenkathi usebenzisa ama-corticosteroids.

Uma ukhetha ukuphuza utshwala, kwenze ngokulinganisela futhi ngaso sonke isikhathi ngemva kokudla. Xoxa ngokusebenzisa kwakho utshwala nodokotela wakho, njengoba bengase batusa ukukugwema ngokuphelele kuye ngesimo sakho esithile kanye neminye imithi oyithathayo.