Yini i-Crotalidae Immune F(ab')2 (Equine): Ukusetshenziswa, Umthamo, Imiphumela Eceleni Nokunye

I-Crotalidae Immune F(ab')2 (Equine) iyisibulala-ntuli esikhethekile esisetshenziselwa ukwelapha ukulunywa yizinyoka ezinobuthi eNyakatho Melika. Lo muthi osindisa impilo usebenza ngokungathathi hlangothi ubuthi obuyingozi obufakwa yizinyoka ezinjenge-rattlesnakes, copperheads, kanye ne-cottonmouths uma ziluma. Uma wena noma othile omaziyo elunywe yinyoka enobuthi, lesi sibulala-ntuli singaba umehluko phakathi kokululama nezinkinga ezingathi sína.

Yini i-Crotalidae Immune F(ab')2 (Equine)?

I-Crotalidae Immune F(ab')2 iyisibulala-ntuli esenziwe ngama-antibody athathwe emahhashini ayeveziwe ngokuphephile ebuthini bezinyoka. Amahashi athuthukisa ukuzivikela emzimbeni ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, futhi ososayensi bakhipha futhi bahlanze la ma-antibody okuvikela ukuze bakhe umuthi. Cabanga ngakho njengokuboleka amasosha omzimba ehhashi ukusiza ukulwa nobuthi bezinyoka emzimbeni wakho.

Lesi sibulala-ntuli siqondiswe ngqo emndenini wezinyoka i-Crotalidae, okuhlanganisa zonke izinyoka ezinobuthi ezitholakala eNyakatho Melika. Ingxenye ethi "F(ab')2" ibhekisela ohlotsheni oluthile lwezingxenye ze-antibody ezisetshenzisiwe, ezenzelwe ukusebenza ngokushesha nangempumelelo ngenkathi kunciphisa ingozi yokungezwani komzimba.

Isetshenziselwani i-Crotalidae Immune F(ab')2?

Lesi sibulala-ntuli selapha ukufakwa kobuthi ekulunyweni yizinyoka zaseNyakatho Melika. Ukufakwa kobuthi kusho ukuthi ubuthi bungene ngempela emzimbeni wakho futhi bubangela imiphumela eyingozi, hhayi nje ukuthi ulunywe yinyoka.

Izinyoka eziyinhloko lesi sibulala-ntuli esisebenza ngazo zihlanganisa i-rattlesnakes, copperheads, cottonmouths (water moccasins), nezinye izinyoka. Lezi zinyoka zifaka ubuthi obungabangela ukulimala okukhulu kwezicubu, izinkinga zokujiya kwegazi, kanye nezinkinga ezingase zibe yingozi empilweni uma zingelashwa.

Odokotela basebenzisa lo muthi uma othile ekhombisa izimpawu zokulunywa okukhulu, njengokuvuvukala okukhulu, izinkinga zokuphuma igazi, noma izimpawu zesistimu ezifana nobunzima bokuphefumula noma izinguquko ekushayeni kwenhliziyo. Akubona bonke abantu abalunywe yinyoka abadinga ukwelashwa ngalo muthi, kodwa uma kudingeka, kubaluleke ngempela.

Isebenza kanjani i-Crotalidae Immune F(ab')2?

Lo muthi usebenza ngokubopha ngqo nokungathathi hlangothi izingxenye ezinobuthi emsinini wenyoka. Lapho ama-antibody emuthini ehlangana nobuthi be-venom egazini lakho, abambelela kuwo njengokhiye ongena esivalweni, okwenza ubuthi bungabi nangozi.

Le nqubo yenzeka ngokushesha uma umuthi ungena ohlelweni lwakho nge-IV. Ama-antibody azungeza ngaphakathi kwegazi lakho, efuna izingxenye ze-venom futhi azithathele hlangothi ngaphambi kokuba zenze umonakalo owengeziwe ezicutshini zakho, imithambo yegazi, noma izitho.

Lokhu kuthathwa njengokungenelela okuphakathi nendawo kuya kokunamandla emithini ephuthumayo. Ngenkathi kungewona umuthi onamandla kakhulu okhona, unamandla ngokwanele ukulwa nemiphumela ye-venom esongela impilo futhi igcinelwe amacala okungenwa ngobuthi obukhulu lapho izinzuzo zicacela ngokusobala ukwedlula izingozi.

Kufanele ngiwuthathaphi i-Crotalidae Immune F(ab')2?

Awukwazi ukuthatha lo muthi ngokwakho - kufanele unikezwe ochwepheshe bezokwelapha abaqeqeshiwe esibhedlela noma endaweni ephuthumayo. Lo muthi unikezwa ngomugqa we-intravenous (IV) ngqo egazini lakho.

Ngaphambi kokuthola umuthi, abasebenzi bezokwelapha bazohlola isimo sakho futhi bangakunika imithi yokuvimbela ukungezwani komzimba. Ukufakwa kuvame ukuqala kancane ukuze kuqashwe noma yiziphi izindlela zokuphendula ngokushesha, bese izinga lingakhuphuka uma ukubekezelela kahle.

Akukho ukudla okubekelwe le mithi, kodwa cishe uzobe usesimweni sezokwelapha esiphuthumayo lapho ukudla nokuphuza kungase kukhawulwe khona. Ithimba lezokwelapha lizophatha zonke izici zokunakekelwa kwakho, okuhlanganisa ukuthi ungasidla nini nokudlani ngesikhathi sokwelashwa.

Kufanele ngiyithathe isikhathi esingakanani i-Crotalidae Immune F(ab')2?

Ubude bokwelashwa buqondana ngokuphelele nokuthi ukulunywa kwakho kunzima kangakanani nokuthi usabela kanjani emithini yokuqala. Abantu abaningi bathola i-antivenom emahoreni amaningana ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwabo kokuqala.

Ezinye iziguli zingase zidinge eminye imithamo uma izimpawu ziba zimbi kakhulu noma zingathuthuki ngokwanele ngemva kokwelashwa kokuqala. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizoqhubeka nokubheka isimo sakho - okuhlanganisa ukuhlolwa kwegazi, izimpawu ezibalulekile, nezimpawu - ukuze linqume ukuthi ngabe kudingeka enye i-antivenom.

Ukwelulama ekulunyweni yinyoka kungathatha izinsuku kuya emavikini, kodwa ukwelashwa kwe-antivenom okusebenzayo kuvame ukwenzeka emahoreni okuqala angu-24-48 ngemva kokulunywa. Odokotela bakho bazokwenza zonke izinqumo mayelana nobude bokwelashwa ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho esithile.

Yiziphi iziphumela ezingezinhle ze-Crotalidae Immune F(ab')2?

Njengayo yonke imithi, le antivenom ingabangela imiphumela engemihle, nakuba izimo ezinzima zingavamile. Njengoba yenziwe ngama-antibody e-horse, amasosha akho omzimba angase asabele kulawa maprotheni angaphandle.

Ukuqonda izindlela ezingase zibe khona zokuphendula kungakusiza ukuthi uzizwe ulungiselelwe kangcono, nakuba ukhumbule ukuthi ochwepheshe bezokwelapha bazokubheka eduze ngesikhathi sokwelashwa:

• Ukuphendula okulula njengokuqubuka kwesikhumba, ukuluma, noma ama-hives endaweni yokujova
• Isicanucanu noma ukuphazamiseka kwesisu okulula
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu noma umkhuhlane olula
• Ukuqaqamba kwemisipha noma ukungakhululeki okujwayelekile

Ukuphendula okungathi sína kodwa okungavamile kungabandakanya ubunzima bokuphefumula, ukuvuvukala okukhulu, ukuqina kwesifuba, noma ukwehla okukhulu kwengcindezi yegazi. Lezi yizinhlobo zokuphendula ithimba lakho lezokwelapha eliliqaphela ngokuqondile futhi lingakwazi ukuliphatha ngokushesha uma kwenzeka.

Abanye abantu bangase babe nokuphendula okubambezelekile ezinsukwini noma emasontweni ngemva kokwelashwa, okuhlanganisa ubuhlungu emalungeni, umkhuhlane, noma ama-lymph nodes avuvukele. Lezi zimpawu, nakuba zingakhululeki, ngokuvamile ziyaqondakala futhi zixazululwa ngokunakekelwa okufanele.

Ubani okungafanele athathe i-Crotalidae Immune F(ab')2?

Kunezizathu ezimbalwa kakhulu zokugwema le antivenom uma idingeka ngempela, ngoba ukugxambukela kwenyoka kungaba yingozi ekuphileni. Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu bangase badinge izinyathelo zokuqapha ezengeziwe noma ukuqapha okukhethekile ngesikhathi sokwelashwa.

Abantu abanezifo ezingathi sína kuma-horse noma imikhiqizo ye-horse babhekene nezingozi eziphakeme zokuphendula ngomzimba. Uma wazi ukuthi une-allergy ye-horse, ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizothatha izinyathelo zokuqapha ezengeziwe, njengokukwelapha ngaphambi kwesikhathi ngama-antihistamines nama-steroids, futhi likuqaphe eduze.

Labo abane-asthma engathi sína noma ezinye izimo zokuphefumula bangase badinge ukuqapha ngokucophelela, njengoba ezinye izindlela zokuphendula ngomzimba zingathinta ukuphefumula. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akusho ukuthi awukwazi ukuthola i-antivenom - kusho nje ukuthi ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizoba qaphele kakhulu ngesimo sakho sokuphefumula.

Abesifazane abakhulelwe bangathola le antivenom uma idingeka, njengoba izingozi zokugxambukela kwenyoka ezingelashwanga ngokuvamile zidlula izingozi ezingaba khona kumama nomntwana. Odokotela bakho bazohlola lezi zici ngokucophelela esimweni sakho esithile.

Amagama e-brand ye-Crotalidae Immune F(ab')2

I-brand esetshenziswa kakhulu yale antivenom e-United States yi-CroFab (Crotalidae Polyvalent Immune Fab). Kukhona nenguqulo entsha ebizwa nge-ANAVIP (Crotalidae Immune F(ab')2 Equine), okuyilolu hlobo esesilukhulumile.

Zombili imithi zisebenzela injongo efanayo - ukwelapha ukufakwa kwe-pit viper - kodwa zinezindlela ezihlukile zokwakheka kanye nezinhlelo zokulinganisa. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizokhetha inketho efanele kakhulu ngokusekelwe ekutholakaleni, isimo sakho esithile, kanye nemithetho yezibhedlela.

Ezinye izindlela ze-Crotalidae Immune F(ab')2

ENyakatho Melika, zikhona ezinye izindlela ezilinganiselwe kule antivenom ethile yokwelapha ukulunywa yi-pit viper. Enye indlela enkulu yi-CroFab, esebenzisa uhlobo oluhlukile lwe-antibody fragment (i-Fab esikhundleni se-F(ab')2) kodwa isebenzela injongo efanayo ebalulekile.

Ezinye izibhedlela zingase zibe nokufinyelela kuma-antivenom ahlukene ngokuya ngendawo yawo kanye nezinhlobo zezinyoka ezivamile endaweni yawo. Kodwa-ke, ngokuqondene nokulunywa yi-pit viper yaseNyakatho Melika, ama-antivenom e-Crotalidae ayindlela ejwayelekile kanye nokwelashwa okuphumelela kakhulu.

Ngaphandle kwe-antivenom, izinyathelo zokunakekelwa ezisekelayo njengokuphathwa kobuhlungu, ukunakekelwa kwamanxeba, kanye nokuqapha izinkinga ziyizingxenye ezibalulekile zokwelashwa, kodwa azikwazi ukufaka esikhundleni sesidingo se-antivenom ezimweni ezinzima zokufakwa.

Ingabe i-Crotalidae Immune F(ab')2 ingcono kune-CroFab?

Zombili ama-antivenom asebenza kahle kakhulu ekwelapheni ukufakwa kwe-pit viper, kodwa zihlukile ezingenza enye ifaneleke kakhulu kunenye ezimweni ezithile.

I-ANAVIP (F(ab')2) ingase idinge imithamo embalwa ngoba ihlala esimisweni sakho isikhathi eside kune-CroFab. Lokhu kungasho ukuhamba okumbalwa emuva esibhedlela ukuze uthole ukwelashwa okwengeziwe, okuthile iziguli zikuthola kulula ngesikhathi sokululama kwazo.

I-CroFab isetshenziswe isikhathi eside futhi inokuhlangenwe nakho okuningi komtholampilo ngemuva kwayo, okuthile odokotela abakuthandayo. Kodwa-ke, zombili zinamarekhodi okuphepha nokuphumelela okuhle kakhulu. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizokhetha ngokusekelwe kulokho okutholakalayo, isimo sakho esithile, kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho kwabo komtholampilo.

Into okubaluleke kakhulu ukuthola ukwelashwa okufanele nge-antivenom ngokushesha uma kudingeka, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo oluqondile olusetshenziswayo. Yomibili imithi ingasindisa impilo uma inikezwe ngendlela efanele.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana ne-Crotalidae Immune F(ab')2

Q1. Ingabe i-Crotalidae Immune F(ab')2 iphephile kubantu abanezifo zenhliziyo?

Yebo, le antivenom inganikezwa ngokuphepha kubantu abanezimo zenhliziyo lapho ukwelashwa kokulunywa yinyoka kudingeka. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizobheka izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo yakho nomfutho wegazi ngokusondela ngesikhathi sokwelashwa.

Izingozi zokulunywa yinyoka okungelashwanga - okuhlanganisa nemiphumela ohlelweni lwakho lwe-cardiovascular oluvela emanzini anobuthi ngokwawo - ngokuvamile zidlula izingozi zokwelashwa nge-antivenom. Odokotela bakho bazolungisa ukuqapha nokunakekela okusekelayo ngokuya ngesimo sakho senhliziyo esithile.

Q2. Kufanele ngenzeni uma ngithola i-Crotalidae Immune F(ab')2 eningi ngengozi?

Awukwazi ukuthola okuningi ngengozi yalo muthi ngoba unikezwa kuphela ochwepheshe bezokwelapha abaqeqeshiwe ezindaweni ezilawulwayo zesibhedlela. Ukulinganisa kubalwa ngokucophelela ngokuya ngesisindo sakho, izimpawu, nokuphendula ekwelashweni.

Uma ukhathazekile ngokwelashwa kwakho noma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezingavamile, khuluma nethimba lakho lezokwelapha ngokushesha. Bangahlola ukuthi ngabe izimpawu zakho zihlobene ne-antivenom, ukulunywa yinyoka ngokwayo, noma ezinye izinto.

Q3. Kufanele ngenzeni uma ngiphuthelwa umthamo we-Crotalidae Immune F(ab')2?

Lo mbuzo awusebenzi ekwelashweni nge-antivenom ngoba awunacala lokuthatha imithamo ngokwakho. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha liphatha zonke izici zokulinganisa nesikhathi ngokuya ngesimo sakho nokuphendula ekwelashweni.

Uma ukhathazekile ngohlelo lwakho lokwelashwa noma unemibuzo mayelana nokunakekelwa okulandelayo, xoxa ngalokhu ngqo nabanikezeli bakho bezempilo. Bangachaza ukuthi yini ongayilindela nokuthi ukwelashwa okwengeziwe kungadingeka nini.

Q4. Ngingayeka nini ukuthatha i-Crotalidae Immune F(ab')2?

Odokotela bakho bazonquma ukuthi ukwelashwa nge-antivenom kuqediwe nini ngokusekelwe ezimpawini zakho, ukuhlolwa kwegazi, kanye nentuthuko yakho yonke yokululama. Abantu abaningi abadingi ukwelashwa okuqhubekayo nge-antivenom uma nje ukwelashwa kokuqala kuphumelela ekulweni nobuthi.

Nokho, ukululama ekulunyweni yinyoka kungathatha amasonto, futhi ungase udinge ezinye izindlela zokwelashwa ezisekelayo ngalesi sikhathi. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizokuqondisa kuyo yonke inqubo yokululama futhi likwazise ukuthi yini ongayilindela.

Q5. Ngingashayela ngemva kokuthola i-Crotalidae Immune F(ab')2?

Akufanele ushayele ngokushesha ngemva kokuthola ukwelashwa nge-antivenom. Ukulunywa yinyoka uqobo, i-antivenom, nanoma imiphi eminye imithi oyitholile kungathinta ikhono lakho lokushayela ngokuphepha.

Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizokweluleka ukuthi kuphephile nini ukuqhubeka nemisebenzi ejwayelekile efana nokushayela. Lesi sinqumo sincike entuthukweni yakho yokululama, noma yiziphi izimpawu eziqhubekayo, kanye nemithi oyithathayo ngenxa yobuhlungu noma eminye imiphumela yokulunywa yinyoka.