Yini i-Dacarbazine: Ukusetshenziswa, Umthamo, Imiphumela Eceleni Nokunye

I-Dacarbazine iyimithi ye-chemotherapy esetshenziselwa ukwelapha izinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza, okuhlanganisa i-melanoma ne-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Lo muthi onamandla olwa nomdlavuza usebenza ngokulimaza i-DNA yamaseli omdlavuza, uwavimbela ukuthi angakhuli futhi azande. Ngenkathi ithathwa njengemithi eqinile engalwa ngempumelelo nomdlavuza, iza nemiphumela emibi ebalulekile edinga ukuqashwa ngokucophelela yithimba lakho lezempilo.

Yini i-Dacarbazine?

I-Dacarbazine iyisithunywa se-alkylating, okusho ukuthi ingeyigaba lemithi ye-chemotherapy ehlasela ngokuqondile amaseli omdlavuza. Inikezwa kuphela ngomjovo we-IV (intravenous) esibhedlela noma emtholampilo. Le mithi isetshenziswe amashumi eminyaka ukwelapha umdlavuza futhi ithathwa njengenye yezindlela zokwelapha ezijwayelekile ze-melanoma ethuthukile kanye nama-lymphoma athile.

Lo muthi uyisynthetic, okusho ukuthi wenziwa elabhorethri kunokuba utholakale emithonjeni yemvelo. Udokotela wakho we-oncologist uzoqoka ukuthi i-dacarbazine ilungile yini ngohlobo lwakho oluthile nesigaba somdlavuza ngokuya ngezinto ezihlukahlukene okuhlanganisa impilo yakho yonke nokuthi umdlavuza wakho uphendule kanjani kwezinye izindlela zokwelapha.

Yini i-Dacarbazine Esetshenziselwa Yona?

I-Dacarbazine isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ukwelapha i-melanoma ethuthukile ne-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Kubantu abanezifo ze-melanoma, ivame ukunqunywa lapho umdlavuza usabalale kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba (metastatic melanoma). Esimeni se-Hodgkin's lymphoma, ivame ukusetshenziswa njengengxenye yokwelashwa okuhlanganisiwe okubizwa nge-ABVD.

Udokotela wakho angase futhi acabangele i-dacarbazine ngeminye imidlavaza engavamile efana ne-soft tissue sarcomas. Isinqumo sokusebenzisa le mithi sincike esigabeni somdlavuza wakho, indawo, nokuthi uphendule kanjani kwezinye izindlela zokwelapha. Ngezinye izikhathi isetshenziswa yodwa, kodwa kaningi ihlanganiswa neminye imithi ye-chemotherapy ukuze kwandiswe ukusebenza kahle.

Isebenza Kanjani i-Dacarbazine?

I-Dacarbazine isebenza ngokungenelela ikhono lamaseli omdlavuza lokulungisa nokukopisha i-DNA yawo. Cabanga ngayo njengokuphazamisa imanuwali yokufundisa yamaseli omdlavuza, okwenza kungabi nakwenzeka ukuthi iseli lisebenze kahle noma lenze amaseli amasha omdlavuza. Le nqubo ekugcineni iholela ekufeni kwamaseli omdlavuza.

Lena imithi enamandla engahlukanisi phakathi kwamaseli omdlavuza namanye amaseli anempilo. Yingakho ungase uhlangabezane nemiphumela emibi ezingxenyeni zomzimba wakho lapho amaseli ehlukana ngokushesha, njengohlelo lwakho lokugaya ukudla, ama-follicles ezinwele, kanye nomnkantsha wamathambo. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi amaseli anempilo ngokuvamile angcono ekululameni kulokhu kulimala kunamaseli omdlavuza.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Kanjani I-Dacarbazine?

I-Dacarbazine ihlinzekwa njalo nge-IV esikhungweni sezokwelapha ngabasebenzi bezempilo abaqeqeshiwe. Awukwazi ukuthatha lo muthi ekhaya noma ngomlomo. Ukumnika ngokuvamile kuthatha imizuzu engama-30 kuya ehora elilodwa, futhi uzoqashwa kuyo yonke le nqubo.

Ngaphambi kokwelashwa kwakho, yidla ukudla okulula ngaphandle uma udokotela wakho ekweluleka ngenye indlela. Ezinye iziguli zithola ukuthi ukuba nokuthile esiswini sabo kusiza ukunciphisa isicanucanu. Ithimba lakho lezempilo lizokunika imithi yokulwa nesicanucanu ngaphambi kokumnika ukusiza ukuvimbela ukuphazamiseka kwesisu.

Kuzodingeka ukuthi ufike ekuqokweni kwakho uhlanzekile kahle, ngakho phuza amanzi amaningi ngosuku olwandulela kanye nasekuseni kokwelashwa kwakho. Gwema utshwala okungenani amahora angama-24 ngaphambi nangemva kokumnika, ngoba lokhu kungase kubhebhethekise imiphumela emibi futhi kuphazamise indlela umzimba wakho oqhubula ngayo umuthi.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Isikhathi Esingakanani I-Dacarbazine?

Ubude bokwelashwa kwe-dacarbazine buhlukahluka kakhulu kuye ngohlobo lomdlavuza wakho oluthile nokuthi usabela kahle kangakanani emuthini. Iziguli eziningi zithola ukwelashwa ngemijikelezo, umjikelezo ngamunye uhlala amasonto angaba ngu-3-4. Ungase udinge noma yikuphi kusuka kumajikelezo angu-3 kuya kwangu-8, nakuba ezinye iziguli zidinga ukwelashwa isikhathi eside.

Udokotela wakho we-oncologist uzohlala ehlola intuthuko yakho ngezivivinyo zegazi, izithombe, kanye nokuhlolwa komzimba. Uma umdlavuza wakho uphendula kahle futhi imiphumela emibi ilawuleka, ukwelashwa kungaqhubeka. Kodwa-ke, uma umdlavuza ungaphenduli noma imiphumela emibi iba mibi kakhulu, udokotela wakho uzoxoxa ngezinketho zokwelashwa ezingezinye.

Kubalulekile ukuqeda ukwelashwa kwakho okuphelele ngisho noma uqala ukuzizwa ungcono. Amaseli omdlavuza angaba khona ngisho noma uzizwa kahle, futhi ukuyeka ukwelashwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi kungavumela umdlavuza ukuthi ubuye uqine kunakuqala.

Yini Imiphumela Emibi ye-Dacarbazine?

Njengayo yonke imithi ye-chemotherapy, i-dacarbazine ingabangela imiphumela emibi esukela kokulula kuya kokukhulu. Abantu abaningi bathola eminye imiphumela emibi, kodwa khumbula ukuthi ithimba lakho lezempilo lilungele ukusiza ukuphatha leyo miphumela ngempumelelo.

Nansi imiphumela emibi evame kakhulu ongase uyithole:

• Ukucanuzela kwenhliziyo nokuhlanza (kuthinta iziguli eziningi)
• Ukulahlekelwa isifiso sokudla
• Ukukhathala nobuthakathaka
• Ukubala kwamangqamuzana egazi aphansi
• Ukuwa kwezinwele
• Izilonda zomlomo
• Izimpawu ezinjengomkhuhlane ezihlanganisa umkhuhlane nobuhlungu bemisipha

Le miphumela emibi ejwayelekile ngokuvamile ilawuleka ngokunakekelwa okusekelayo kanye nemithi. Ithimba lakho lezempilo lizokunikeza imithi elwa nokucanuzela kwenhliziyo kanye nezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezisekelayo ukukusiza ukuthi uzizwe ukhululekile.

Ngenkathi kungavamile, ezinye iziguli zingase zithole imiphumela emibi enkulu edinga ukunakekelwa kwezempilo ngokushesha:

• Ukutheleleka okukhulu ngenxa yokubala kwamangqamuzana egazi elimhlophe eliphansi
• Ukuphuma kwegazi okungavamile noma ukulimala
• Izinkinga ezinkulu zesibindi
• Ukungezwani komzimba ngesikhathi sokufakwa
• Ukuphendula kwesikhumba okukhulu
• Izinkinga zesigqi senhliziyo (ezingavamile)

Xhumana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nomkhuhlane, ukuphuma kwegazi okungajwayelekile, isicanucanu esibi esikuvimbela ukuthi ungagcini uketshezi, noma yiziphi izimpawu ezikukhathazayo. Ukungenelela ngokushesha kungavimbela izinkinga futhi kukugcine ukhululekile.

Ubani Ongafanele Athathe I-Dacarbazine?

I-Dacarbazine ayifanele wonke umuntu, futhi udokotela wakho uzohlola ngokucophelela ukuthi iphephile yini kuwe. Abantu abanezinhlelo zokuzivikela ezimbi kakhulu noma labo abaye baba nokusabela okukhulu komzimba ku-dacarbazine akufanele bathole lo muthi.

Udokotela wakho uzoba nokuqapha okukhethekile uma unezinkinga zesibindi, isifo sezinso, noma umlando wezifo zenhliziyo. Abesifazane abakhulelwe akufanele bathole i-dacarbazine ngoba ingalimaza ingane esakhula. Uma uncelisa, uzodinga ukuyeka ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa.

Ngaphambi kokuqala i-dacarbazine, tshela udokotela wakho ngayo yonke imithi oyithathayo, okuhlanganisa nemithi etholakala ngaphandle kwe-oda kanye nezithasiselo. Eminye imithi ingasebenzisana ne-dacarbazine futhi ikhulise imiphumela emibi noma inciphise ukusebenza kwayo.

Amagama Omkhiqizo we-Dacarbazine

I-Dacarbazine iyatholakala ngaphansi kwegama lomkhiqizo elithi DTIC-Dome emazweni amaningi. Kodwa-ke, ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-dacarbazine noma i-DTIC ezindaweni zezokwelapha. Izinhlobo ezivamile nazo ziyatholakala futhi zisebenza ngendlela efanayo nomuthi wegama lomkhiqizo.

Isibhedlela sakho noma umtholampilo sizosebenzisa noma iyiphi inguqulo etholakalayo, futhi akudingeki ukhathazeke ngokucela umkhiqizo othile. Zonke izinhlobo ze-dacarbazine zihlangabezana nezindinganiso ezifanayo zokuphepha nokusebenza.

Ezinye Izindlela Zokwelapha ze-Dacarbazine

Kunezindlela eziningana zokwelapha ezinye ze-dacarbazine, nakuba ukukhetha okungcono kuncike ohlotsheni lwakho oluthile lomdlavuza. Nge-melanoma, izinketho ezintsha zihlanganisa imithi ye-immunotherapy efana ne-pembrolizumab (Keytruda) kanye ne-nivolumab (Opdivo), esiza uhlelo lwakho lokuzivikela ukuthi lulwe nomdlavuza ngempumelelo.

Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ngamakhemikhali zihlanganisa i-temozolomide, ethathwa ngomlomo futhi isebenza ngendlela efana ne-dacarbazine. Nge-Hodgkin's lymphoma, ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezihlanganisiwe njenge-BEACOPP noma i-ICE zingase zicatshangelwe uma i-ABVD (equkethe i-dacarbazine) ingafanele.

Udokotela wakho we-oncologist uzocabangela izinto ezinjengobunjalo bomdlavuza wakho, impilo yakho yonke, kanye nokwelashwa kwangaphambilini lapho encoma ezinye izindlela. Ungayeki ukuthatha i-dacarbazine noma ushintshe ukwelashwa ngaphandle kokuxoxa nethimba lakho lezempilo kuqala.

Ingabe i-Dacarbazine Ingcono Kune-Temozolomide?

Kokubili i-dacarbazine ne-temozolomide zisebenza ngendlela efanayo, kodwa zinezinto ezihlukile ezizuzisayo. I-Temozolomide ingathathwa njengepilisi ekhaya, okutholakala ukuthi kulula kakhulu ezigulini eziningi kune-IV infusions. Kodwa-ke, i-dacarbazine isetshenziswe isikhathi eside futhi inophenyo oluningi oluqinisekisiwe oluyisekelayo.

Nge-brain metastases, i-temozolomide ingase ikhethwe ngoba ingena ebuchosheni kalula. Kwezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza, i-dacarbazine ingase ikhethwe njengengxenye yokwelashwa okuhlanganisiwe okufakazelwe. Udokotela wakho uzocabangela isimo sakho esithile lapho ekhetha phakathi kwale mithi.

Ukukhetha

Uma unezinkinga zesibindi ezilula, udokotela wakho angase alungise umthamo wakho noma akuqaphele eduze. Kodwa-ke, abantu abanezifo zesibindi ezinzima kungenzeka bangabi ngabakhethekile be-dacarbazine. Yiba qotho nethimba lakho lezempilo mayelana nanoma yimuphi umlando wezinkinga zesibindi, okuhlanganisa i-hepatitis noma ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kotshwala.

Kufanele ngenzeni uma ngithola i-Dacarbazine eningi ngengozi?

Njengoba i-dacarbazine inikezwa kuphela ochwepheshe bezempilo abaqeqeshiwe ezikhungweni zezokwelapha, ukweqisa ngengozi akuvamile kakhulu. Ithimba lakho lezempilo libala ngokucophelela umthamo wakho ngokusekelwe osayizi womzimba wakho futhi liqapha ukumnika eduze.

Uma ukhathazekile ngomthamo wakho noma uhlangabezana nemiphumela emibi ngemva kokwelashwa, xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ngokushesha. Banganikeza ukunakekelwa okusekelayo futhi bakuqaphele nganoma yiziphi izinkinga. Ungalokothi uzame ukwelapha izimpawu ezingase zibe khona zokweqisa ngokwakho.

Kufanele ngenzeni uma ngiphuthelwa umthamo we-Dacarbazine?

Uma uphuthelwa i-aphoyintimenti ye-dacarbazine esethiwe, xhumana nehhovisi likadokotela wakho we-oncologist ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze uhlele kabusha. Ungazami ukwenza imithamo ephuthelwe noma uphinde kabili ekwelashweni. Ithimba lakho lezempilo lizolungisa uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa ngokuphepha.

Ukuphuthelwa umthamo owodwa ngeke kulimaze ukwelashwa kwakho, kodwa ukuqina kubalulekile ukuze uthole imiphumela engcono kakhulu. Uma unenkinga yokugcina ama-aphoyintimenti ngenxa yemiphumela emibi noma ezinye izinkinga, xoxa ngalokhu nethimba lakho lezempilo. Bangakusiza ukuthi ulawule imiphumela emibi noma ulungise uhlelo lwakho uma kudingeka.

Ngingayeka nini ukuthatha i-Dacarbazine?

Kufanele uyeke kuphela i-dacarbazine lapho udokotela wakho we-oncologist enquma ukuthi kufanelekile. Lesi sinqumo sisekelwe ekutheni umdlavuza wakho usabela kahle kangakanani ekwelashweni, ukuthi imiphumela emibi yakho imbi kangakanani, kanye nesimo sakho sempilo esiphelele.

Ezinye iziguli ziqeda ngempumelelo inkambo yazo yokwelashwa, kanti ezinye zingase zidingeke ukuthi ziyeke ngaphambi kwesikhathi ngenxa yemiphumela emibi noma ukungaphenduli. Udokotela wakho uzosebenzisa izithombe ezivamile kanye nokuhlolwa kwegazi ukuqapha intuthuko yakho futhi enze lesi sinqumo nawe.

Ngingashayela ngemva kokwelashwa nge-Dacarbazine?

Iziguli eziningi zizwa zikhathele noma azizizwa kahle ngemva kokufakwa kwe-dacarbazine, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuhlela ukuthi othile akuqhubele ekhaya ngemva kokwelashwa. Ukukhathala, isicanucanu, nezimpawu ezinjenge-flu kungathinta ikhono lakho lokushayela ngokuphepha.

Hlela ukuphumula ngosuku olusele ngemva kokwelashwa kwakho. Iziguli eziningi zizizwa zingcono phakathi nosuku olulodwa noma ezimbili, kodwa lalela umzimba wakho futhi ungashayeli uma uzizwa ungazizwa kahle noma unesiyezi. Ukuphepha kwakho nokuphepha kwabanye emgwaqeni kubaluleke kakhulu.