Yini i-Daclizumab: Ukusetshenziswa, Umthamo, Imiphumela Eceleni nokuningi

I-Daclizumab yimithi kadokotela eyayisetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-multiple sclerosis (MS) ngokunciphisa ukuvuvukala ebuchosheni nasemgogodleni. Le mithi yayisebenza ngokuvimba amasignali athile ohlelo lomzimba lokuzivikela ekuguleni okufaka isandla ekuhlaselweni yi-MS.

Nokho, i-daclizumab yahoxiswa ngokuzithandela emakethe ngo-2018 ngenxa yokukhathazeka okukhulu ngokuphepha. Ngenkathi ibonisa isithembiso ekwelapheni i-MS, izinkinga ezingavamile kodwa ezinzima zesibindi zaholela ekuyekisweni kwayo emhlabeni wonke.

Yini i-Daclizumab?

I-Daclizumab yayiyimithi ye-biologic eyenzelwe ngqo ukwelapha izinhlobo ze-multiple sclerosis eziphindayo. Yayiyingxenye yeqembu lemithi ebizwa ngokuthi ama-monoclonal antibodies, okuyizinhlobo zamaprotheni enziwe e-lab ezihlose izingxenye ezithile zomzimba wakho wokuzivikela ekuguleni.

Umuthi wawunikezwa njengesijovo esenziwa njalo ngenyanga ngaphansi kwesikhumba, ngokuvamile ethangeni lakho, esiswini, noma engalweni engenhla. Yayithengiswa ngaphansi kwegama lomkhiqizo elithi Zinbryta futhi yayibhekwa njengokwelashwa komugqa wesibili weziguli ze-MS ezingasabeli kahle eminye imithi.

Ngokungafani nokwelashwa okuthile kwe-MS okucindezela kabanzi uhlelo lwakho lomzimba lokuzivikela ekuguleni, i-daclizumab yayisebenza ngokukhetha okwengeziwe. Yayihlose iphrotheni ethile ebizwa ngokuthi i-CD25 kumaseli athile omzimba wokuzivikela ekuguleni, ngenhloso yokunciphisa ukuhlaselwa komzimba okuzilimaza imicu yezinzwa ku-MS.

Yayisetshenziselwani i-Daclizumab?

I-Daclizumab yayinikezwa ikakhulukazi abantu abadala abanezinhlobo ze-multiple sclerosis eziphindayo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa i-relapsing-remitting MS kanye ne-secondary progressive MS enokuphindeka, izimo lapho iziguli ziba nezikhathi zezimpawu ezintsha ezilandelwa ukululama okuyingxenye noma okuphelele.

Udokotela wakho wayengase acabangele i-daclizumab uma ubuphindaphinda i-MS ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ezinye izindlela zokwelapha eziguqula isifo. Kwakuvame ukugcinelwa iziguli ezazithola umsebenzi wesifo esiphumelelayo ekwelashweni komugqa wokuqala njengama-interferon noma i-glatiramer acetate.

Umuthi wawungavunyelwe nge-primary progressive MS, lapho izimpawu ziqhubeka ziba zimbi ngaphandle kokubuyela emuva okucacile. Futhi wawungalungeli iziguli ezinemibandela ethile yesibindi noma labo abasengozini enkulu yezinkinga zesibindi.

Isebenza Kanjani I-Daclizumab?

I-Daclizumab yayisebenza ngokuvimba i-receptor ethile ebizwa nge-CD25 kuma-T cells asebenzayo, okuyizicubu ezimhlophe zegazi ezinendima ebalulekile ekuhlaselweni kwe-autoimmune. Ngokuvimba le receptor, umuthi wavimbela lezi zicubu eziyingozi zomzimba ekuzalaneni nokuhlasela izicubu zemizwa ezinempilo.

Cabanga ngakho njengokufaka ilokhi emnyango osetshenziswa amaseli okuvuvukala ukungena ebuchosheni bakho nasemgogodleni. Lapho i-daclizumab ivimba i-CD25 receptor, yayikhuphula nenani lamaseli okubulala emvelo, okwasiza ukulawula ukusabela komzimba ngempumelelo.

Le ndlela eqondiwe yenza i-daclizumab yaqina ngokulinganisela uma iqhathaniswa neminye imithi ye-MS. Yayikhethekile kakhulu kune-immunosuppressants ebanzi kodwa yayisadinga ukuqashwa ngokucophelela ngenxa yemiphumela yayo ekusebenzeni komzimba.

Kufanele Ithathwe Kanjani I-Daclizumab?

I-Daclizumab yayinikezwa njengomjovo ongaphansi kwesikhumba kanye njalo emavikini amane. Umthamo ojwayelekile wawungu-150 mg, olethwa nge-syringe egcwaliswe ngaphambili wena noma umhlinzeki wezempilo owayezokujova ngaphansi kwesikhumba sakho.

Izindawo zomjovo zazishintshana phakathi kwethanga lakho, isisu, noma ingalo engenhla ukuvimbela ukucasuka kwesikhumba. Ungathatha umuthi ngaphandle noma ngaphandle kokudla, njengoba ukudla kungazange kuthinte indlela umzimba wakho owamunca ngayo umuthi.

Ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa, udokotela wakho wayezokwenza izivivinyo zegazi ukuhlola ukusebenza kwesibindi sakho. Ukuqashwa okuvamile kwaqhubeka kuyo yonke inkathi yokwelashwa, ngezivivinyo zegazi ezivame ukwenziwa njalo ngenyanga ukuze kubhekwe noma yiziphi izimpawu zezinkinga zesibindi.

Umuthi wawudinga ukugcinwa esiqandisini sakho futhi ulethelwe izinga lokushisa legumbi ngaphambi komjovo. Umthamo ngamunye wawuza nge-syringe eyodwa egcwaliswe ngaphambili ozoyilahla ngokuphepha ngemva kokusetshenziswa.

Kumele Ithathwe Isikhathi Esingakanani I-Daclizumab?

Ubude bokwelashwa nge-daclizumab buhlukile kuye ngokuthi uphendule kahle kangakanani emuthini nokuthi ngabe ube nemiphumela emibi yini. Iningi leziguli ezazuza ekwelashweni zaliqhubeka ngaphandle kwesikhathi, ngoba ukuyeka kungaholela ekubuyeni komsebenzi we-MS.

Udokotela wakho wayezohlola njalo ukusabela kwakho ngokusebenzisa izithombe ze-MRI nokuhlolwa kwemizwa, ngokuvamile njalo emavikini ayi-6 kuya kwayi-12. Uma uba nokubuyela emuva okusha noma ukukhubazeka okubi nakuba uselashwa, udokotela wakho angase acabange ukushintshela emuthini ohlukile we-MS.

Nokho, ukwelashwa bekuzomiswa ngokushesha uma uba nezimpawu zezinkinga zesibindi, njengokuphuzi kwesikhumba sakho noma amehlo, umchamo omnyama, noma isicanucanu esiqhubekayo. Umuthi wagcina ususiwe emakethe ngenxa yalezi zinkinga ezinkulu ezihlobene nesibindi.

Yiziphi Imiphumela Emibi Ye-Daclizumab?

I-Daclizumab ingabangela imiphumela emibi ehlukahlukene, kusukela kokulula kuya kokukhulu. Ukuqonda lezi zindlela ezingase zibe khona kwabasiza iziguli nodokotela ukuthi benze izinqumo zokwelapha ezinolwazi futhi baqaphele izimpawu ezikhathazayo.

Imiphumela emibi evame kakhulu yayilawuleka ngokuvamile futhi yayihlanganisa:

• Ukuphendula kwesikhumba ezindaweni zokujova, okuhlanganisa ukubomvu, ukuvuvukala, noma ukuluma
• Izifo eziphezulu zokuphefumula njengomkhuhlane noma izifo ze-sinus
• Ukuqubuka noma ukucasuka kwesikhumba ngaphandle kwendawo yokujova
• Ama-enzyme esibindi aphakeme atholwe ngezivivinyo zegazi
• Ama-lymph nodes avuvukele
• Izimpawu ezinjengomkhuhlane ngemva kokujova

Imiphumela emibi kakhulu idinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha futhi yayihlanganisa izinkinga ezinkulu zesibindi, ezingase zibe yingozi ekuphileni. Lezi zinkinga zesibindi zaziwona umgomo oyinhloko wokuthi umuthi ususwe emakethe.

Izinkinga ezingavamile kodwa ezinzima zihlanganisa:

• Ukuvuvukala kwesibindi okukhulu okungaholela ekwehlulekeni kwesibindi
• Izifo ezinzima ngenxa yokucindezelwa komzimba wokuzivikela
• Ukuphendula kwesikhumba okukhulu okudinga ukulaliswa esibhedlela
• I-Autoimmune encephalitis, ukuvuvukala kobuchopho okungavamile
• Ukuphendula okukhulu komzimba ngesikhathi noma ngemuva komjovo

Le miphumela emibi, ikakhulukazi izinkinga zesibindi, yenzeka ngamaphesenti amancane ezigulini kodwa ingabulala. Lokhu kuholele ekuhoxisweni ngokuzithandela kwe-daclizumab kuzo zonke izimakethe emhlabeni jikelele.

Ubani Ongafanele Athathe I-Daclizumab?

I-Daclizumab yayingafaneleki kuwo wonke umuntu one-multiple sclerosis. Izimo ezithile zezokwelapha nezimo zenza imithi yayingozi kakhulu noma ingafaneleki ukusetshenziswa.

Awufanele ukuba uthathe i-daclizumab uma uke waba:

• Isifo sesibindi esikhona ngaphambili noma ama-enzyme esibindi aphakeme kakhulu
• Izifo ezisebenzayo, ikakhulukazi izifo ezinzima zamagciwane, amagciwane, noma isikhunta
• Umlando wokuphendula okukhulu komzimba ku-daclizumab noma izingxenye zayo
• Ukuwohloka komzimba wokuzivikela emzimbeni ngenxa yezinye izimo noma imithi
• Ukukhulelwa noma izinhlelo zokukhulelwa ngesikhathi sokwelashwa

Ukuqapha okukhethekile kwakudingeka ezigulini ezinomlando wokucindezeleka, izimo ze-autoimmune ezingaphezu kwe-MS, noma labo abathatha eminye imithi engase ithinte isibindi. Udokotela wakho wayezobuyekeza ngokucophelela umlando wakho wezokwelapha ngaphambi kokukuyalela i-daclizumab.

Umuthi wawungakhuthazwa futhi ezigulini ezineminyaka engaphezu kwengama-65 ubudala, njengoba idatha yokuphepha kulolu hlu lweminyaka yayilinganiselwe. Omama abancelisa ngamabele babelulekwa ukuba bagweme umuthi ngenxa yezingozi ezingaba khona enganeni.

Amagama Omkhiqizo we-Daclizumab

I-Daclizumab yathengiswa ngaphansi kwegama lomkhiqizo elithi Zinbryta lokwelashwa kwe-multiple sclerosis. Leli kwakuyigama eliyinhloko lezentengiso elalisetshenziswa e-United States, eYurophu, nakwamanye amazwe lapho laligunyazwe khona.

Ekuqaleni kokuthuthukiswa kwayo, i-daclizumab yayaziwa nangegama lomkhiqizo elithi Zenapax lapho yayisetshenziselwa ukuvimbela ukwenqatshwa kokufakelwa izitho. Kodwa-ke, le fomula yayihluke kule MS version futhi nayo yayekisiwe.

Njengoba umuthi ususiwe emakethe, i-Zinbryta ayisatholakali kunoma iyiphi ikhemisi noma umhlinzeki wezempilo. Iziguli ezazithatha lo muthi ziye zashintshwa zaya kwezinye izindlela zokwelapha ze-MS.

Ezinye izindlela ze-Daclizumab

Njengoba i-daclizumab ingasatholakali, ezinye izindlela zokwelapha eziguqula isifo zingawelapha ngempumelelo izinhlobo ze-multiple sclerosis eziphindayo. Udokotela wakho angakusiza ukuthi uthole enye indlela efaneleka kakhulu ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho esithile.

Ezinye izindlela zamanje zihlanganisa:

• Imithi ye-Interferon efana ne-Avonex, Rebif, noma i-Plegridy
• I-Glatiramer acetate (Copaxone noma i-Glatopa)
• Imithi yomlomo efana ne-fingolimod (Gilenya) noma i-dimethyl fumarate (Tecfidera)
• Ukwelashwa ngokufaka imithi ngomthambo njenge-natalizumab (Tysabri) noma i-ocrelizumab (Ocrevus)
• Izinketho ezintsha ezihlanganisa i-alemtuzumab (Lemtrada) noma i-cladribine (Mavenclad)

Enye nendlela inezinzuzo zayo nezingozi zayo, futhi udokotela wakho uzocabangela izinto ezinjengomsebenzi wakho wesifo, ukwelashwa kwangaphambilini, nomlando wakho wezempilo. Umgomo uwukuthola umuthi olawula ngempumelelo i-MS yakho ngenkathi kuncishiswa imiphumela emibi.

Iziguli eziningi ezazithatha i-daclizumab ziye zashintshela ngempumelelo kwezinye izindlela zokwelapha ngokuqhubeka nokulawulwa kwesifo. Ithimba lakho lezempilo lizosebenza eduze nawe ukuze liqinisekise ukushintsha okubushelelezi nokuqhubeka nokuphathwa kwe-MS yakho.

Ingabe i-Daclizumab ingcono kunezinye izindlela zokwelapha ze-MS?

I-Daclizumab yabonisa ukusebenza kahle okuthembisayo ezivivinyweni zomtholampilo uma iqhathaniswa ne-interferon beta-1a, inciphisa amazinga okuphindeka kanye nokulimala okusha kobuchopho ezigulini eziningi. Kodwa-ke, iphrofayili yayo yokuphepha eqinile ekugcineni yaba nesisindo ngaphezu kwalezi zinzuzo.

Ucwaningo lwabonisa ukuthi i-daclizumab yayisebenza ngempumelelo kunezinye izindlela zokwelapha zokuqala ekunciphiseni ukusebenza komzimba. Iziguli zazivame ukuba nokuhlaselwa okuncane futhi nokuthuthuka okuncane kokukhubazeka uma kuqhathaniswa nalabo abasebenzisa imithi ye-interferon.

Noma ngabe isebenza kahle kangakanani, ukuhoxiswa komuthi ngenxa yokukhathazeka ngokuphepha kwesibindi kusho ukuthi akusathathwa njengenketho engasebenzi. Ukwelashwa kwamanje kwe-MS njenge-ocrelizumab noma i-natalizumab kungahle kunikeze ukusebenza okufanayo noma okungcono ngamaphrofayili okuphepha okulawulekayo.

Indawo yokwelashwa ye-MS ishintshe kakhulu selokhu kwahoxiswa i-daclizumab. Imithi emisha ivame ukunikeza ukulawulwa okuhle kwesifo ngamaphrofayili emiphumela emibi eqondakala kangcono futhi elawulekayo, okwenza kube izinketho ezingcono kakhulu ezigulini eziningi.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana ne-Daclizumab

Ingabe i-Daclizumab iphephile kubantu abanezinkinga zesibindi?

Cha, i-daclizumab yayingaphephile kubantu abanezinkinga zesibindi ezikhona ngaphambilini. Umuthi wawungadala ukuvuvukala okukhulu kwesibindi kanye nomonakalo, okuyisizathu esikhulu sokuhoxiswa kwawo emakethe.

Ngisho neziguli ezinomsebenzi wesibindi ojwayelekile zazidinga ukuqashwa kwanyanga zonke ngezinkinga zesibindi ngenkathi zithatha i-daclizumab. Labo abanomlando wokugula kwesibindi babengewona amakhandidethi kulokhu kwelashwa ngenxa yengozi eyengeziwe yezinkinga ezisongela impilo.

Ngingenzani uma ngisebenzise i-Daclizumab eningi ngengozi?

Uma ngengozi uthole ngaphezu komthamo obekiwe we-daclizumab, xhumana nodokotela wakho noma izinsiza eziphuthumayo ngokushesha. Ukweqisa kungandisa ingozi yemiphumela emibi engathí sina, ikakhulukazi izinkinga zesibindi nezifo ezinzima.

Ayikho i-antidote ethile yokweqisa i-daclizumab, ngakho-ke ukwelashwa kwagxila ekuphatheni izimpawu nasekuqapheni izinkinga. Udokotela wakho cishe uzokwandisa imvamisa yokuhlolwa kwegazi ukuze abheke izinkinga zesibindi neminye imiphumela emibi engathí sina.

Ngingenzani uma ngiphuthelwa umthamo we-Daclizumab?

Uma uphuthelwe umjovo wakho wanyanga zonke we-daclizumab, xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze uhlele kabusha. Ukusebenza kahle komuthi kwakuncike ekugcineni amazinga aqhubekayo ohlelweni lwakho.

Udokotela wakho wayezonquma isikhathi esingcono kakhulu somthamo wakho olandelayo ngokusekelwe ekutheni sekudlule isikhathi esingakanani kusukela kumjovo wakho wokugcina. Ngokuvamile, uzothola umthamo ophuthelwe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka bese uqhubeka nohlelo lwakho olujwayelekile lwanyanga zonke.

Ngingayeka nini ukuthatha i-Daclizumab?

Njengoba i-daclizumab isusiwe emakethe, zonke iziguli sezivele ziyekile ukuthatha lo muthi. Ukususwa kwenziwa ngenxa yokukhathazeka ngokuphepha, ikakhulukazi izinkinga zesibindi ezingaba yingozi empilweni.

Uma ngabe ubuthatha i-daclizumab ngaphambili, udokotela wakho wayezokusiza ukuthi ushintshele ekwelashweni okuhlukile kwe-MS. Ukuyeka noma yimuphi umuthi we-MS kudinga ukugadwa ngokucophelela kwezokwelapha ukuvimbela ukusebenza kabusha kwesifo nokuqinisekisa ukuvikelwa okuqhubekayo.

Ngingayithatha i-Daclizumab ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa?

I-Daclizumab yayingakhuthazwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ngenxa yezingozi ezingaba khona kumntwana osakhulayo. Umuthi ungathinta ukuthuthukiswa kwesistimu yokuzivikela komzimba wombungu futhi ungase ubangele izinkinga.

Abesifazane abaneminyaka yokuzala abathatha i-daclizumab babelulekwa ukuthi basebenzise izindlela zokuvimbela inzalo ezisebenzayo ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kanye nezinyanga eziningana ngemuva kokuyeka. Uma ukukhulelwa kwenzeka ngenkathi kuthathwa umuthi, ukubonisana ngokushesha nabahlinzeki bezempilo kwakubalulekile ukuhlola izingozi nezinzuzo.