Yini i-Dalteparin: Ukusetshenziswa, Umthamo, Imiphumela Eceleni nokuningi

I-Dalteparin iyimithi yokunciphisa igazi esiza ekuvikeleni ukwakheka kwamahlule egazi ayingozi emzimbeni wakho. Ingaphansi kweqembu lemithi ebizwa ngokuthi ama-heparin anesisindo esiphansi se-molecular, asebenza ngokwenza igazi lakho lingahlangani kalula futhi lenze amahlule angavimba imithambo yegazi ebalulekile.

Le mithi inikezwa njengomjovo ngaphansi kwesikhumba sakho, ngokuvamile endaweni yesisu sakho noma ethangeni. Udokotela wakho angase akubhalele i-dalteparin uma usengozini yokuba nama-clot egazi ngenxa yokuhlinzwa, ukuphumula embhedeni isikhathi eside, noma izimo ezithile zezokwelapha.

Yini i-Dalteparin Esizosebenzelwa Yona?

I-Dalteparin ikusiza ukuthi uzivikele kuma-clot egazi angase asongela impilo. Udokotela wakho ubhala le mithi uma umzimba wakho udinga ukuvikelwa okwengeziwe ekuqongekeni kwegazi emithanjeni yakho yegazi.

Izimo ezivamile lapho i-dalteparin iba yimfuneko zihlanganisa ukuvimbela ama-clot ngemva kokuhlinzwa okukhulu, ikakhulukazi ukufakelwa okhalweni noma emadolweni. Ngesikhathi salezi zinqubo, uhlelo lomzimba wakho olujwayelekile lokuhlangana lungasebenza kahle kakhulu, ludale ama-clot lapho kungafanele abe khona.

Ake sibheke izimo ezithile lapho i-dalteparin inikeza khona ukuvikelwa okubalulekile:

• Ukuvimbela ama-clot egazi ngemva kokuhlinzwa kwama-orthopedic afana nokufakelwa okhalweni noma emadolweni
• Ukuvimbela ama-clot kubantu abalele embhedeni isikhathi eside
• Ukwelashwa kwe-deep vein thrombosis (ama-clot egazi emithanjeni yomlenze)
• Ukuvimbela ama-clot kubantu abanezinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza
• Ukwelashwa kwe-pulmonary embolism (ama-clot egazi ahamba emaphashini)
• Ukuvimbela ama-clot kubantu abanezifo ezingathi sína zezokwelapha ezinokunyakaza okulinganiselwe

Ngayinye yalezi zimo ibeka ingcindezi eyengeziwe ohlelweni lwakho lokujikeleza. I-Dalteparin ingena ukuze isize umzimba wakho ukuthi ugcine ibhalansi efanele phakathi kokuhlangana uma kudingeka nokuvimbela ama-clot ayingozi ukuthi angakheki.

Isebenza Kanjani I-Dalteparin?

I-Dalteparin isebenza ngokungenelela enqubweni yomzimba yakho yokujiya igazi ngendlela eqondiswe kahle kakhulu. Ithathwa njenge-blood thinner enamandla aphakathi nendawo esebenza ngokushesha uma isijovwe ngaphansi kwesikhumba sakho.

Cabanga ngesistimu yokujiya igazi lakho njengeresiphi eyinkimbinkimbi enezithako eziningi. I-Dalteparin ivimba ngqo isithako esibalulekile esibizwa nge-Factor Xa, esibalulekile ekwakheni amahlule egazi. Ngokuvimba le factor, umuthi uvimbela igazi lakho ukuthi lingajiyi kalula kakhulu ngenkathi lisavumela ukuphola okuvamile ukuthi kwenzeke.

Umuthi uqala ukusebenza kungakapheli amahora okujova kwakho futhi ufinyelela umphumela wawo ophezulu cishe emahoreni angu-4. Lesi senzo esisheshayo senza ukuthi sibe wusizo ikakhulukazi ezimweni lapho udinga ukuvikelwa ngokushesha emahule egazi.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Kanjani I-Dalteparin?

I-Dalteparin inikezwa njengesijovo ngaphansi kwesikhumba sakho, hhayi emsipheni noma emthanjeni. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzokufundisa wena noma ilungu lomndeni wakho ukuthi ungalinika kanjani le mithi yokujova ngokuphepha ekhaya, noma ungase uyithole endaweni yezokwelapha.

Izindawo zokujova ngokuvamile zihlanganisa izicubu ezinamafutha ezizungeze indawo yesisu sakho, okungenani amasentimitha angu-2 ukusuka enkinobheni yesisu sakho. Ungajova futhi engxenyeni engaphandle yethanga lakho eliphezulu. Kubalulekile ukushintshanisa izindawo zokujova ukuvimbela ukucasuka kwesikhumba noma ukuvela kwamahlule.

Nakhu okudingeka ukwazi mayelana nesikhathi nokulungiselela:

• Thatha i-dalteparin ngesikhathi esifanayo nsuku zonke ukuze ugcine amazinga aqhubekayo egazini lakho
• Akudingeki ukuthi udle ngaphambi noma ngemva kokuthatha lo muthi
• Gcina umuthi esiqandisini sakho, kodwa wuvumele ukuthi ufudumale ekamelweni ngaphambi kokujova
• Ungashukunyisi isirinji noma ususe amabhamuza omoya ngaphandle uma uqondiswe ngumhlinzeki wakho wezempilo
• Hlanza indawo yokujova ngotshwala bese uyeka yome ngokuphelele
• Cindezela isikhumba ngobumnene bese ufaka inaliti nge-engeli engama-90-degree

Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzokukhombisa indlela efanele yokujova futhi aqinisekise ukuthi uzizwa ukhululekile ngale nqubo. Unganqikazi ukubuza imibuzo noma ukucela ukuboniswa uma ungaqiniseki nganoma iyiphi ingxenye.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Isikhathi Esingakanani I-Dalteparin?

Ubude bokwelashwa kwakho nge-dalteparin buxhomeke ngokuphelele ekutheni uyithatheleni nokuthi isimo sakho sezempilo sinjani. Udokotela wakho uzonquma ubude obufanele ngokuya ngezici zakho eziyingozi kanye nesimo sakho sezempilo.

Ukuvimbela ukuhlinzwa, ungase uthathe i-dalteparin izinsuku eziyi-5 kuya kweziyi-10 ngemuva kwenqubo yakho. Uma welashwa ngegazi eligqamukayo, ukwelashwa kwakho kungathatha izinyanga eziningana. Abantu abanomdlavuza oqhubekayo bangase badinge ukwelashwa kwesikhathi eside.

Udokotela wakho uzoqapha inqubekela phambili yakho ngokuhlolwa okuvamile kanye nokuhlolwa kwegazi. Bazolungisa uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa ngokuya ngokuthi uqhubeka kanjani nokuthi izingozi zakho zishintshile yini. Ungayeki ukuthatha i-dalteparin ngokuzumayo ngaphandle kokukhuluma nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo kuqala, ngoba lokhu kungakubeka engozini yamaqhubu egazi ayingozi.

Yiziphi Imiphumela Eceleni ye-Dalteparin?

Njengazo zonke izinciphisi zegazi, i-dalteparin ingabangela imiphumela emibi, yize abantu abaningi beyibekezelela kahle. Umphumela ovamile oceleni ukopha okwanda noma ukulimala, okwenzeka ngoba umuthi wenza igazi lakho lingabi maningi ukuba ligqame.

Ake siqale ngemiphumela emibi ongase uyithole, evame ukulawuleka futhi ingeyona ingozi:

• Ukulimala noma ukubomvu ezindaweni zokujova
• Ukuphuma kwegazi okuncane okuthatha isikhathi eside ukuyeka (njengokusuka ekusikeni okuncane)
• Ubuhlungu besikhashana noma ukuvuvukala lapho ujova khona
• Amaqhubu amancane noma ukuqina ngaphansi kwesikhumba ezindaweni zokujova
• Isicanucanu esincane noma isisu esicasukile
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu noma isiyezi

Lezi zimo ezivamile ezibangelwa imithi zivame ukuthuthuka njengoba umzimba wakho ujwayela umuthi. Abantu abaningi bathola ukuthi ukushintshanisa izindawo zokujova nokucindezela kancane ngemva kokujova kusiza ukunciphisa ukusabela kwendawo.

Manje, ake sixoxe ngemiphumela emibi kakhulu edinga ukunakekelwa kwezempilo ngokushesha, nakuba lezi zivamile kakhulu:

• Ukuphuma igazi okukhulu okungami, okuhlanganisa ukuphuma igazi ngamakhala okukhulu noma ukulimala okungavamile
• Igazi emchameni wakho noma endleni yakho, noma izitulo ezimnyama, ezinamathelayo
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu, ukudideka, noma izinguquko embonweni
• Ubuhlungu besifuba noma ubunzima bokuphefumula
• Ubuhlungu besisu obukhulu noma ukuhlanza igazi
• Izimpawu zokuphuma igazi emgogodleni uma uke waba nezinqubo zomgogodla (ubuhlungu obukhulu emhlane, ukuba ndikindiki, noma ubuthakathaka)

Le miphumela emibi kakhulu ayivamile kodwa idinga ukunakekelwa kwezempilo ngokushesha. Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu, xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ngokushesha noma funa ukunakekelwa kwezempilo eziphuthumayo.

Ubani Ongafanele Athathwe I-Dalteparin?

I-Dalteparin ayiphephile kuwo wonke umuntu, futhi udokotela wakho uzobuyekeza ngokucophelela umlando wakho wezokwelapha ngaphambi kokuyinika. Umuthi ungalimaza abantu abanezimo ezithile noma labo abathatha imithi ethile.

Akufanele uthathe i-dalteparin uma une-active, ukuphuma igazi okungalawuleki noma kuphi emzimbeni wakho. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuhlinzwa kwamuva nokuphuma igazi okuqhubekayo, izilonda zesisu eziphuma igazi, noma noma yisiphi isimo esibangela ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kwegazi.

Nawa amakhondishini amakhulu enza i-dalteparin ingaphephile:

• Ukuphuma igazi okusebenzayo noma izifo zokuphuma igazi
• Izinkinga ezinzima zezinso
• Ukungezwani okwaziwayo ne-dalteparin noma ezinye izinhlobo ze-heparins
• Umlando we-heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (ukusabela okungavamile kodwa okukhulu)
• Ukuhlinzwa kwamuva kobuchopho, iso, noma umgogodla
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu kakhulu ongagadiwe
• Izilonda zesisu noma zamathumbu ezisebenzayo

Udktela wakho uzophinda aqaphele kakhulu mayelana nokunikeza i-dalteparin uma unezinye izimo ezithile ezenza ingozi yokopha ikhule, njengesifo sesibindi, ukushaywa unhlangothi kwamuva, noma uma uthatha eminye imithi yokunciphisa igazi. Lezi zimo azikhiphi ngokuzenzakalelayo i-dalteparin, kodwa zidinga ukuqapha okwengeziwe futhi mhlawumbe izilinganiso ezilungisiwe.

Amagama Omkhiqizo we-Dalteparin

I-Dalteparin iyatholakala ngaphansi kwegama lomkhiqizo elithi Fragmin emazweni amaningi, okuhlanganisa ne-United States. Leli igama lomkhiqizo elaziwa kakhulu ngalo mithi.

Lapho uthola umuthi wakho, ilebula lingase libonise kokubili "dalteparin" noma "Fragmin," kodwa yimithi efanayo. Izinhlobo ezivamile ze-dalteparin nazo ziyatholakala kwezinye izindawo, ezingabiza kakhulu ngenkathi zinikeza izinzuzo ezifanayo zokwelapha.

Njalo qiniseka ukuthi uthola amandla kanye nokwakheka okulungile okubhalwe udokotela wakho. Uma unemibuzo mayelana nezinketho ezivamile vs. amagama omkhiqizo, xoxa ngobuhle nobubi nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo noma usokhemisi.

Ezinye izindlela ze-Dalteparin

Eminye imithi eminingi yokunciphisa igazi ingasebenza njengezinye izindlela ze-dalteparin, kuye ngezidingo zakho ezithile zezokwelapha. Udokotela wakho angase acabangele lezi zinketho uma i-dalteparin ingakulungele noma uma uba nemiphumela emibi.

Ezinye izinhlobo ze-heparins ezinobunzima obuphansi bomolekyuli zihlanganisa i-enoxaparin (Lovenox) kanye ne-fondaparinux (Arixtra). Le mithi isebenza ngendlela efanayo ne-dalteparin kodwa inezinhlelo zokulinganisa ezihlukile kancane kanye nezidingo zokujova.

Nazi ezinye izindlela eziyinhloko udokotela wakho angazicabangela:

• I-Enoxaparin (Lovenox) - enye i-injectable blood thinner enezinto ezisetshenziswa ngendlela efanayo
• I-Fondaparinux (Arixtra) - i-synthetic blood thinner yezimo ezithile
• I-Warfarin (Coumadin) - i-oral blood thinner edinga ukuqapha njalo igazi
• I-Rivaroxaban (Xarelto) - i-oral blood thinner entsha
• I-Apixaban (Eliquis) - enye inketho yomlomo enezithiyo ezimbalwa zokudla
• I-Unfractionated heparin - ngokuvamile isetshenziswa ezindaweni zasemtholampilo

Ngamunye umkhiqizo onemininingwane yawo kanye nezinto okufanele zicatshangelwe. Imithi yomlomo ingase ibe lula kodwa ingasebenzisana nokudla kanye neminye imithi. Izinketho ze-injectable zivame ukusebenza ngokushesha kodwa zidinga ukuphathwa okuningi.

Ingabe i-Dalteparin ingcono kune-Enoxaparin?

Kokubili i-dalteparin ne-enoxaparin ziyizinto ezinhle kakhulu ze-blood thinners ezisebenza ngendlela efanayo emzimbeni wakho. Akukho noyedwa ongcono kunomunye - ukukhetha kuvame ukwehla esimweni sakho sezokwelapha kanye nezinto ezicatshangelwayo ezingokoqobo.

I-Dalteparin ingase ithandwe ezimweni ezithile, njengabantu abanezinkinga zezinso, ngoba icutshungulwa ngendlela ehlukile ngumzimba wakho. Ivame futhi ukudinga ukulinganiswa kanye ngosuku ezimweni eziningi, okuthile abanye abantu bakuthola kulula kunezikhathi ezimbili ngosuku.

I-Enoxaparin, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ifundwe kabanzi ngezimo ezithile futhi ingase ithandwe ekwelapheni amahlule egazi asebenzayo. Itholakala kabanzi futhi ngezinye izikhathi ibiza kancane kune-dalteparin.

Udokotela wakho uzokhetha phakathi kwale mithi ngokusekelwe ezintweni ezifana nokusebenza kwezinso zakho, isimo esithile eselashwayo, umshwalense wakho, kanye nezintandokazi zakho zomuntu siqu zokulinganiswa kwemvamisa. Zombili le mithi iyasebenza kakhulu uma isetshenziswa ngendlela efanele.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana ne-Dalteparin

Q1. Ingabe i-Dalteparin iphephile kubantu abanezifo zezinso?

I-Dalteparin ingasetshenziswa ngokucophelela kubantu abanezinkinga zezinso eziphansi kuya kweziphakathi, kodwa idinga ukuqapha ngokucophelela futhi ivamise ukulungiswa komthamo. Izinso zakho zisiza ukususa lo muthi emzimbeni wakho, ngakho ukuncipha komsebenzi wezinso kungabangela ukuthi umuthi wakheke uze ufinyelele emazingeni ayingozi.

Uma unezifo zezinso, udokotela wakho cishe uzo-oda ukuhlolwa kwegazi njalo ukuqapha ukusebenza kwezinso zakho futhi angase anikeze umthamo ophansi. Abantu abahluleka izinso kakhulu ngokuvamile abakwazi ukusebenzisa i-dalteparin ngokuphepha futhi bazodinga ezinye izinketho zokunciphisa igazi.

Q2. Kufanele Ngenzeni Uma Ngizisebenzisa Ngengozi I-Dalteparin Engaphezu Kakhulu?

Uma ngengozi uzijova i-dalteparin eningi kakhulu, xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo noma isikhungo sokulawula ubuthi ngokushesha. Ungalindi ukubona ukuthi ngabe izimpawu ziyavela yini, njengoba ukunciphisa igazi okuningi kungabangela ukopha okukhulu ngaphakathi.

Ngenkathi ulinde isiqondiso sezokwelapha, qaphela izimpawu zokopha ngokweqile njengokulimala okungavamile, ukopha emakhaleni okungami, igazi emchameni noma esitulweni, noma ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu. Kwezinye izimo, udokotela wakho angase ancome ukuya egumbini eliphuthumayo ukuze kuqashwe futhi kuthathwe ukwelashwa okungenzeka ngemithi engashintsha imiphumela ye-dalteparin.

Q3. Kufanele Ngenzeni Uma Ngedlula Umthamo We-Dalteparin?

Uma udlula umthamo we-dalteparin, yithathe ngokushesha lapho ukhumbula, ngaphandle kokuthi sekuseduze isikhathi somthamo wakho olandelayo. Kulokho, weqa umthamo owudlulile bese uqhubeka neshejuli yakho ejwayelekile - ungaqedi imithamo emibili.

Uma uvame ukukhohlwa imithamo, zama ukusetha ama-alamu ocingo noma usebenzise umhleli wamaphilisi onezindawo zosuku ngalunye. Ukulinganisa okuqhubekayo kubalulekile ekugcineni amazinga egazi aqhubekayo nokuvimbela ukujiya kwegazi. Xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uma unenkinga yokukhumbula isimiso sakho semithi.

Q4. Ngingayeka Nini Ukuthatha I-Dalteparin?

Ungayeki ukuthatha i-dalteparin ngaphandle kokukhuluma nodokotela wakho kuqala. Ukuyeka kungazelelwe kungakubeka engozini esheshayo yamaqhubu egazi ayingozi, ikakhulukazi uma usengozini enkulu ngenxa yokuhlinzwa kwamuva noma izimo zezokwelapha.

Udokotela wakho uzoqoka ukuthi kuphephile nini ukuyeka ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho sezokwelapha, ukuthi ululame kahle kangakanani, nokuthi ngabe izici zakho eziyingozi zishintshile yini. Bangase banciphise kancane kancane umthamo wakho noma bakushintshele kolunye uhlobo lokunciphisa igazi ngaphambi kokuyeka ngokuphelele.

Q5. Ngingakwazi yini ukuphuza utshwala ngenkathi ngithatha i-Dalteparin?

Ukuphuza utshwala ngokulinganisela kuvamile ukwamukeleka ngenkathi kuthathwa i-dalteparin, kodwa ukuphuza ngokweqile kungakhuphula ingozi yakho yezinkinga zokopha. Utshwala bungathinta ikhono lesibindi sakho lokukhiqiza izici zokujiya kwegazi futhi kungenza ukopha kube nokwenzeka kakhulu.

Uma ukhetha ukuphuza utshwala, kwenze ngokulinganisela futhi uqaphele kakhulu ngemisebenzi engase ibangele ukusikwa noma ukulimala. Khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuthi yiliphi izinga lokusetshenziswa kotshwala eliphephile esimweni sakho esithile, ikakhulukazi uma unezinkinga zesibindi noma uthatha eminye imithi.