Yini i-Diethyltoluamide (DEET): Ukusetshenziswa, Umthamo, Imiphumela Eceleni nokuningi

I-Diethyltoluamide, eyaziwa kakhulu nge-DEET, ingenye yezinto eziphumelela kakhulu zokuxosha izinambuzane ezitholakala namuhla. Le nto eyenziwe ngamachweba isivikele abantu emizileni, ama-tick, nezinye izinambuzane ezilumayo iminyaka engaphezu kwengama-70. Uzothola i-DEET ezifutheni eziningi zezinambuzane zokuhweba kanye nama-lotion, lapho isebenza khona ngokudala umgoqo okungafunwa izinambuzane ukuwela.

Yini i-Diethyltoluamide (DEET)?

I-DEET iyinhlanganisela yamakhemikhali eyenziwe ngamachweba esebenza njengento yokuxosha izinambuzane uma isetshenziswa esikhumbeni sakho noma ezingutsheni zakho. Igama eliphelele lamakhemikhali lithi N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide, kodwa wonke umuntu uyibiza nge-DEET ukuze kube lula. Ekuqaleni yathuthukiswa yi-U.S. Army ngo-1946 futhi yatholakala emphakathini ngo-1957.

Cabanga nge-DEET njengokudala isihlangu esingabonakali esikuzungezile esitholakala singathandeki ezinambuzaneni. Ngokungafani nezibulali-zinambuzane ezibulala izinambuzane, i-DEET imane nje ikwenze ungabi nothando kubo. Ithathwa njengezinga legolide lokuxosha izinambuzane ngoba isebenza ngokumelene nezinhlobonhlobo zezinambuzane ezilumayo ezihlanganisa imizilili, ama-tick, ama-fleas, ama-chiggers, nama-gnats.

Yini i-DEET Esetshenziselwa Yona?

I-DEET isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ukuvimbela ukulunywa yizinambuzane nezifo ezingazithwala. Uzofuna ukuyisebenzisa uma uchitha isikhathi ngaphandle, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni lapho imizilili nama-tick kuvamile khona. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukukhempa, ukuhamba izintaba, ukulima, noma ukujabulela nje ingadi yakho ngesikhathi senkathi yezinambuzane.

Ukuvikelwa i-DEET ekunikezayo kudlula nje induduzo. Kungasiza ekuvikeleni izifo ezinzima ezithwalwa imizilili njengegciwane le-West Nile, igciwane le-Zika, umkhuhlane we-dengue, nomalaleveva ezindaweni lapho lezi zikhona khona. Kuma-tick, i-DEET isiza ukunciphisa ingozi yakho yesifo i-Lyme, i-Rocky Mountain spotted fever, nezinye izifo ezithwalwa ama-tick.

Ungasebenzisa futhi imikhiqizo equkethe i-DEET uma uhamba uya ezindaweni ezishisayo noma ezingaphansi kwezishisayo lapho izifo ezithwalwa izinambuzane zivame kakhulu. Ochwepheshe abaningi bezempilo abahambayo batusa i-DEET njengengxenye ebalulekile yamasu akho okuvikela kulezi zindawo.

Isebenza Kanjani I-DEET?

I-DEET isebenza ngokugxambukela nekhono lezinambuzane lokukuthola njengokudla okungenzeka. Omiyane nezinye izinambuzane ezilumayo zisebenzisa izinzwa ezikhethekile ukuthola abantu ngokuthola i-carbon dioxide esiyikhiphayo, ukushisa komzimba wethu, namakhemikhali athile esikhumbeni sethu. I-DEET empeleni ivimba lezi zinzwa, okwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuthi izinambuzane zikuthole.

Lokhu kuyisivikelo esinamandla nesisebenza kahle kakhulu. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi i-DEET ingahlinzeka ngokuvikela amahora amaningana, ngamazinga aphezulu ahlala isikhathi eside. Umkhiqizo onama-DEET angu-10% ungakuvikela cishe amahora angu-2, kanti ukugxila okungu-30% kungasebenza amahora angafika kwangu-6.

Ukusebenza kahle akukhuli kakhulu ngamazinga aphezulu, kodwa ubude besikhathi sokuvikela buyakwenza. Ukugxila okungaphezu kuka-30% akuhlinzeki ngokuvikela okungcono kakhulu, kodwa kuhlala isikhathi eside, yingakho ngeke uvame ukubona imikhiqizo enama-DEET angaphezu kuka-30-35%.

Ngingayisebenzisa Kanjani I-DEET?

Sebenzisa imikhiqizo ye-DEET esikhumbeni esiveziwe nasezingutsheni, kodwa gwema ukuyithola ezandleni zakho uma kungenzeka ngoba ungase uyidlulisele emehlweni akho noma emlonyeni wakho ngengozi. Qala ngongqimba oluncane, olulinganayo bese uphinda uma ukuvikela kubonakala sengathi kuyaphela, ngokuvamile okukhonjiswa izinambuzane ezithakazela wena futhi.

Akudingeki ukuthi usebenzise i-DEET nokudla noma amanzi, ngokungafani nemithi yomlomo. Kodwa-ke, kufanele uyisebenzise ngemva kwe-sunscreen uma usebenzisa yomibili imikhiqizo. Vumela i-sunscreen ukuthi imunce imizuzu embalwa, bese usebenzisa i-DEET repellent phezulu.

Uma uyisebenzisa ebusweni bakho, fafaza umkhiqizo ezandleni zakho kuqala, bese uwusebenzisa ngokucophelela ngenkathi ugwema amehlo akho, umlomo, nendawo ezungeze ikhala lakho. Ezinganeni, hlala usebenzisa umkhiqizo wena kunokuba uzivumele ukuba zikwenze.

Ngemuva kokungena endlini, geza i-DEET esikhumbeni sakho ngensipho namanzi, ikakhulukazi uma ungeke uphinde uphume ngaphandle. Lokhu kusiza ekuvikeleni ukuchayeka okungadingekile futhi kususwa noma yimuphi umuzwa onamathelayo umkhiqizo ongawushiya.

Kufanele Ngiyisebenzise Isikhathi Esingakanani I-DEET?

Kufanele usebenzise i-DEET kuphela uma udinga ukuvikelwa izinambuzane, hhayi njengomkhiqizo wansuku zonke. Yisebenzise ngaphambi kokungena ezindaweni oqhele ukuhlangana nazo izinambuzane ezilumayo, bese uyigeza uma ubuyela ngaphakathi noma ungasadingi ukuvikelwa.

Kubantu abaningi, ukusebenzisa i-DEET ngezikhathi ezithile ngesikhathi somsebenzi wezinambuzane ophezulu kuphephile ngokuphelele. Lokhu kungasho ukuyisebenzisa njalo ngezinyanga zasehlobo uma uchitha isikhathi esiningi ngaphandle, kodwa uyeke ngesikhathi sasebusika lapho umsebenzi wezinambuzane wehla.

Uma uhamba uye endaweni enezifo ezithwalwa izinambuzane, ungasebenzisa i-DEET nsuku zonke ngesikhathi sohambo lwakho. Lokhu kusetshenziswa okungamashumi ambalwa kubhekwa njengokuphephile kubantu abaningi uma ulandela imiyalelo yomkhiqizo.

Yiziphi Imiphumela Eceleni ye-DEET?

Abantu abaningi bangasebenzisa i-DEET ngokuphepha ngemiphumela emincane. Izimpendulo ezivamile zithambile futhi zenzeka lapho usebenzisa umkhiqizo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukucasuka kwesikhumba, ububomvu, noma umuzwa omncane wokusha, ikakhulukazi uma unesikhumba esibucayi.

Nansi imiphumela engase yenzeke, iqala ngaleyo ejwayelekile:

• Ukuvuvuka kwesikhumba: Ukubomvu okuncane, ukuluma, noma ukusha endaweni yokusebenzisa
• Umuzwa onamathelayo noma onamafutha: Eminye imikhiqizo ishiya insali ezizwa ingakhululekile
• Ukuvuvuka kwamehlo: Uma i-DEET ingena emehlweni akho ngengozi, ingabangela ukusha nokukhalela
• Ukuphendula komzimba: Akuvamile kodwa kungenzeka, okuhlanganisa ukuqubuka, imihuzuko, noma ukuvuvukala
• Ukuvuvuka kokuphefumula: Abanye abantu bangase babe nokukhwehlela noma ukucasuka komphimbo ngenxa yokuphefumula imikhiqizo yesifutho

Lezi zimo zivame ukuba mnene futhi zixazululeka ngokushesha uma ugeza umkhiqizo. Abantu abaningi bathola ukuthi ukushintshela ekugxilweni okuphansi noma ifomula ehlukile kuyasiza uma behlangabezana nokucasuka.

Imiphumela emibi engathi sína ayivamile kakhulu kodwa ingenzeka ngokungasebenzisi kahle noma ukuchayeka ngokweqile. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise izimpawu ze-neurological ezifana nokudideka, izinguquko zemizwa, noma ubunzima bokugxilisa ingqondo. Lezi zimo azivamile kakhulu futhi zivame ukwenzeka kuphela uma i-DEET isetshenziswe ngendlela engafanele, njengokusebenzisa okuningi kakhulu kaningi noma ukuyidla ngengozi.

Obani okungafanele basebenzise i-DEET?

I-DEET iphephile kubantu abaningi, kodwa amaqembu athile kufanele ayisebenzise ngokuqapha okwengeziwe noma ayigweme ngokuphelele. Izinsana ezingaphansi kwezinyanga ezi-2 ubudala akufanele zisebenzise imikhiqizo ye-DEET ngoba isikhumba sazo singena kalula futhi izinhlelo zazo zisaqhubeka nokuthuthuka.

Abantu abanesikhumba esibucayi kakhulu noma labo abake baba nokuphendula komzimba ku-DEET esikhathini esidlule kufanele bafune ezinye izindlela zokuzivikela. Uma une-eczema, i-dermatitis, noma ezinye izimo zesikhumba, hlola indawo encane kuqala noma uthintane nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokusebenzisa imikhiqizo ye-DEET.

Abesifazane abakhulelwe nabancelisa izingane bangasebenzisa i-DEET ngokuphepha, kodwa abaningi bakhetha ukusebenzisa ukugxila okuphansi noma ezinye izindlela zokuzivikela ngalesi sikhathi. I-CDC ibheka i-DEET iphephile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa uma isetshenziswa njengoba kuqondisiwe.

Uma unezimo ze-neurological noma usebenzisa imithi ethinta uhlelo lwakho lwezinzwa, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokusebenzisa i-DEET njalo. Nakuba ukuxhumana kungavamile, kungcono ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuhlola uma unezimo zempilo ezingaphansi.

Amagama Omkhiqizo we-DEET

Uzothola i-DEET emikhiqizweni eminingi edumile yokuxosha izinambuzane, nakuba ukugxila kanye nokwakheka kuhluka. Ezinye izinhlobo ezaziwayo zihlanganisa i-OFF!, Cutter, Repel, kanye ne-Deep Woods OFF!, ngalinye linikeza amaphesenti ahlukene e-DEET asukela cishe ku-7% kuya ku-30%.

Izixhumi zinambuzane eziningi ezivamile noma zomkhiqizo wesitolo nazo ziqukethe i-DEET futhi zisebenza ngempumelelo njengemikhiqizo yamagama. Okubalulekile ukubheka uhlu lwezithako ezisebenzayo bese ukhetha ukugxila okuhambisana nezidingo zakho nobude bokuvikela obufunayo.

Ezinye izinhlobo zihlanganisa i-DEET nezinye izithako ezinjenge-aloe vera noma uvithamini E ukunciphisa ukucasuka kwesikhumba, kanti ezinye zigxila ezindleleni ezihlukene zokulethwa njengama-wipes, ama-lotions, noma ama-spray amaphampu esikhundleni sama-aerosols.

Ezinye izindlela ze-DEET

Uma i-DEET ingakulungele, ziningi ezinye izindlela ezisebenzayo ezikhona. I-Picaridin iyisixhumi esenziwe ngumuntu esisebenza ngendlela efanayo ne-DEET kodwa ngokuvamile sizizwa singenamafutha futhi sinuka kancane. Isebenza ngempumelelo ngokumelene nomiyane nezintwala futhi ingase ingacasuli isikhumba esibucayi.

Amafutha e-lemon eucalyptus (OLE) yisinqumo esisekelwe ezitshalweni i-CDC esiqaphela ukuthi sisebenza ngempumelelo. Inikeza ukuvikelwa cishe amahora angu-2 futhi inuka kamnandi, nakuba ingase ingahlali isikhathi eside njenge-DEET noma i-picaridin.

I-Permethrin ihluke kwezinye izixhumi ngoba uyifaka ezingutsheni nasemathuluzini, hhayi ngqo esikhumbeni. Empeleni ibulala izinambuzane lapho zithintana futhi ingahlala ngemva kokugeza okuningana, okuyenza ibe yinhle kakhulu emishinini yokukhempa nasezingutsheni zomsebenzi.

Izinketho zemvelo ezinjenge-citronella, uwoyela we-peppermint, noma i-lavender zingahle zinikeze ukuvikelwa okuthile, kodwa ngokuvamile azisebenzi kahle futhi azihlali isikhathi eside njengezinto zokuxosha ezenziwe ngamanye amakhemikhali. Zisebenza kahle kakhulu emisebenzini elula yangaphandle ezindaweni ezinengcindezi encane yezinambuzane.

Ingabe i-DEET ingcono kune-Picaridin?

I-DEET ne-picaridin zombili ziyizinto zokuxosha izinambuzane eziphumelela kakhulu, kodwa zinamandla ahlukene. I-DEET isikhona isikhathi eside futhi inocwaningo oluningi olusekela ukusebenza kwayo, kanti i-picaridin intsha kodwa ivame ukukhethwa ngenxa yomuzwa wayo nephunga layo.

Ngokuqondene nokuvikelwa, zombili zisebenza kahle ngokulinganayo emizweni nasemakhazeni. I-DEET ingase ibe nomkhawulo omncane ezinhlotsheni ezithile zezimpukane nezintuthwane, kanti i-picaridin iphumelela ekuxosheni amakhaza. Ukukhetha kuvame ukwehla ekuthandeni komuntu siqu kanye nokuzwela kwesikhumba.

I-Picaridin izizwa inganamafutha amancane, ayinaphunga, futhi mancane amathuba okuthi ilimaze amapulasitiki noma izindwangu ezenziwe ngamanye amakhemikhali. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-DEET ineminyaka eminingi yokusetshenziswa okufakazelwe futhi kungase kube lula ukuyithola ezitolo. Zombili zibhekwa njengeziphephile uma zisetshenziswa njengoba kuqondiswe.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Nge-DEET

Ingabe i-DEET iphephile ezinganeni?

Yebo, i-DEET iphephile ezinganeni ezineminyaka engaphezu kwezinyanga ezi-2 ubudala uma isetshenziswa ngendlela efanele. I-American Academy of Pediatrics incoma ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo engeyona ngaphezu kuka-30% we-DEET ezinganeni, futhi odokotela bezingane abaningi batusa ukuqala ngamazinga aphansi afana no-10-15% ezinganeni ezincane.

Sebenzisa i-DEET ezinganeni ngokwakho kunokuziyeka zikwenze, futhi gwema ukuyithola ezandleni zazo ngoba izingane zivame ukufaka izandla zazo emlonyeni wazo. Hlala uyigeza uma zingena ngaphakathi, futhi ungalokothi uyisebenzise ngaphansi kwezingubo lapho ingase imuncwe kalula.

Ngingenzani uma ngisebenzisa i-DEET eningi ngengozi?

Uma usebenzise i-DEET eningi kakhulu, geza le ndawo ngokushesha ngensipho namanzi afudumele. Susa noma iyiphi ingubo enomkhiqizo owedlulele kuyo. Uma uba nokucasuka kwesikhumba, ungafaka indwangu ebandayo, emanzi endaweni ethintekile.

Uma i-DEET ingena emehlweni akho, ageze kahle ngamanzi ahlanzekile okungenani imizuzu eyi-15. Uma ngengozi uginya i-DEET, ungalethi ukuhlanza, kodwa phuza amanzi bese uxhumana nokulawulwa kwezinto ezinobuthi noma umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ngokushesha.

Qaphela izimpawu zokuchayeka ngokweqile njengokucasuka kwesikhumba, ikhanda, noma isicanucanu. Ngenkathi izimo ezinzima zingavamile, funa ukwelashwa uma uhlangabezana nokudideka, izinguquko zemizwa, noma ubunzima bokugxila ngemuva kokusebenzisa i-DEET.

Kufanele Ngenzeni Uma Ngikhohlwa Ukusebenzisa I-DEET?

Uma ukhohlwe ukusebenzisa i-DEET ngaphambi kokuya ngaphandle, yisebenzise ngokushesha nje lapho ukhumbula, ikakhulukazi uma uqaphela umsebenzi wezinambuzane. Akulokothi kube ngumzuzu wokuzivikela, futhi i-DEET iqala ukusebenza ngokushesha ngemuva kokusetshenziswa.

Ungasebenzisi i-DEET eyengeziwe ukuze ulungise ukusetshenziswa okungaphuthelwanga. Vele usebenzise inani elijwayelekile bese uphinda usebenzise ngokuya ngemiyalelo yomkhiqizo ngokuya ngokuthi uqale nini ukuyisebenzisa, hhayi lapho uqale ukuhlela ukuyisebenzisa.

Ngingayeka Nini Ukusebenzisa I-DEET?

Ungayeka ukusebenzisa i-DEET lapho umsebenzi wezinambuzane wehla, ngokuvamile njengoba amazinga okushisa ehlisa ekuweni nasebusika. Abantu abaningi abadingi isinambuzane lapho amazinga okushisa engaphansi kuka-50°F (10°C) njalo, njengoba umsebenzi womiyane nezintwala uba mncane.

Uma usebenzisa i-DEET ukuze uhambe ukuvimbela izifo, ungaqeda lapho ubuyela ekhaya, ucabanga ukuthi awukho endaweni enokudluliselwa kwezifo ezithwalwa izinambuzane. Hlala ugeza i-DEET lapho ungasadingi ukuvikelwa, noma ngabe uhlela ukuyiphinda kamuva.

Ngingayisebenzisa I-DEET Ne-Sunscreen?

Yebo, ungasebenzisa i-DEET ne-sunscreen, kodwa zisebenzise ngokulandelana okufanele. Faka i-sunscreen kuqala bese uyiyeka ingene imizuzu embalwa, bese ufaka i-DEET repellent ngaphezulu. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi yomibili imikhiqizo isebenza ngempumelelo.

Gwema imikhiqizo ehlanganisiwe equkethe i-sunscreen ne-DEET, njengoba ngokuvamile idinga amashejuli ahlukene okusebenzisa kabusha. I-Sunscreen ngokuvamile idinga ukusetshenziswa kabusha njalo emahoreni ama-2, kanti i-DEET ihlala isikhathi eside, ngakho imikhiqizo ehlukene ikunika ukulawula okwengeziwe ukuvikela kwakho.