Yini Umgomo Wokuvikela I-Diphtheria kanye ne-Tetanus: Ukusetshenziswa, Umthamo, Imiphumela Eceleni nokuningi

Umgomo wokuvikela i-diphtheria kanye ne-tetanus uyisibhamu esivikelayo esisiza umzimba wakho ukuthi ulwe nezifo ezimbili ezingamathambo eziyingozi. Lo mgomo ohlanganisiwe uqeqesha amasosha omzimba wakho ukuthi aqaphele futhi azivikele kokubili i-diphtheria (isifo somphimbo nokuphefumula) kanye ne-tetanus (isifo esiqhuba imisipha esivame ukubizwa ngokuthi "ukukhiya umhlathi"). Ukuthola lo mgomo kungenye yezindlela ezithembeke kakhulu zokuzivikela wena nomphakathi wakho kulezi zifo ezingase zibe yingozi empilweni.

Yini Umgomo Wokuvikela I-Diphtheria kanye ne-Tetanus?

Umgomo wokuvikela i-diphtheria kanye ne-tetanus uqukethe ubuthi obungasebenzi obuvinjelwe amagciwane womabili abangela lezi zifo. Lawa buthi, abizwa ngokuthi ama-toxoids, aye aphathwa ukuze asuse imiphumela yawo eyingozi ngenkathi egcina ikhono lawo lokukhuthaza amasosha omzimba wakho. Uma uthola lo mgomo, umzimba wakho ufunda ukwenza ama-antibody ngokumelene nokutheleleka kokubili ngaphandle kokugula ngempela.

Lo mgomo uza ngezinhlanganisela ezahlukene ngokuya ngeminyaka yakho nezidingo zakho. Izinhlobo ezivamile zihlanganisa i-Td (tetanus-diphtheria) yabantu abadala nentsha, kanye ne-DTaP (diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis) yezingane ezincane. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzonquma ukuthi iyiphi inguqulo ekufanele ngokuya ngeminyaka yakho, umlando wezempilo, nesimo sakho samanje sokugoma.

Umgomo Wokuvikela I-Diphtheria kanye ne-Tetanus Usetshenziselwa Ukuthini?

Lo mgomo uvimbela izifo ezimbili ezingamathambo eziyingozi ezingabangela izinkinga ezinzima noma ukufa. I-Diphtheria idala ukumboza okukhulu emqaleni wakho okungavimba indlela yakho yomoya, kuyilapho i-tetanus ibangela ukuqina kwemisipha okubuhlungu okungabulala. Zombili lezi zifo ziye zaba yivelakancane emazweni anezinhlelo eziqinile zokugoma, kodwa zisaqhubeka ezingxenyeni ezinamazinga aphansi okugoma.

Kungenzeka udinga lo mjekiselo njengengxenye yokugonywa kwakho kwesikhathi esincane, njengomjovo wokukhuthaza njalo ngeminyaka eyi-10, noma ngemva kokulimala okuthile. Abahlinzeki bezempilo bayawuncoma futhi kubahambi bamazwe abavakashela izindawo lapho lezi zifo zivame khona. Abesifazane abakhulelwe bangase bathole inguqulo evikela futhi ngokuphambana (ukukhwehlela okukhulu) ukusiza ukuvikela izingane zabo ezisanda kuzalwa.

Isebenza Kanjani Umjovo Wokuvikela I-Diphtheria ne-Tetanus?

Lo mjekiselo usebenza ngokufundisa amasosha akho omzimba ukuthi aqaphele futhi alwe nezinhlobo ezinobuthi ezikhiqizwa amagciwane e-diphtheria ne-tetanus. Uma uthola umjovo, umzimba wakho uphatha izinhlobo ezinobuthi ezingasebenzi njengezihlaseli zangaphandle futhi udale ama-antibodies okulwa nazo. Le nqubo ngokuvamile ithatha amasonto amabili ukwakha ukuvikeleka okugcwele.

Umjovo uthathwa njengosebenza kahle kakhulu, unikeza ukuvikeleka okuqinile iminyaka eminingi. Kodwa-ke, ukuzivikela kwakho kwehla kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, yingakho udinga imijovo yokukhuthaza njalo ngeminyaka eyi-10 ukuze ugcine ukuvikeleka. Lo mjekiselo unamandla ngokwanele ukuhlinzeka ngokuzivikela okuthembekile, okuhlala isikhathi eside uma unikezwa ngokuya ngohlelo olunconyiwe.

Kufanele Ngithathe Kanjani Umjovo Wokuvikela I-Diphtheria ne-Tetanus?

Lo mjekiselo unikezwa njengomjovo emsipheni wakho wengalo engenhla ngumhlinzeki wezempilo. Akudingeki ukuthi uwuthathe nokudla noma amanzi ngoba unikezwa ngqo emsipheni wakho. Indawo yokujova ingase izizwe ibuhlungu noma ithambile usuku noma ezimbili ngemva kwalokho, okujwayelekile ngokuphelele.

Ngaphambi kokuqokwa kwakho, ungaqhubeka udla ngokujwayelekile futhi akudingeki ukuthi ugweme noma yikuphi ukudla okuthile. Kodwa-ke, yazisa umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uma uzizwa ungaphilile ngomkhuhlane noma isifo esibi, njengoba bengase bancomela ukuhlehlisa umjovo kuze kube yilapho uzizwa ngcono. Izimpawu ezincane zomkhuhlane ngokuvamile azikuvimbeli ukuthi uthole umgomo.

Ngemva kokuthola umgomo, kuyasiza ukuhambisa ingalo yakho kancane usuku lonke ukunciphisa ubuhlungu. Ungasebenzisa indwangu ebandayo, emanzi endaweni yokujova uma ingakhululeki. Abantu abaningi bangabuyela emisebenzini yabo ejwayelekile ngokushesha ngemva kokugonywa.

Kufanele Ngithathe Isikhathi Esingakanani Umgomo Wokuvikela I-Diphtheria kanye ne-Tetanus?

Umgomo we-diphtheria kanye ne-tetanus akuyona into oyithatha ngokuqhubekayo njengemithi yansuku zonke. Kunalokho, uyawuthola njengochungechunge lwemijovo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukuze wakhe futhi ulondoloze ukuzivikela kwakho emzimbeni. Uchungechunge lokuqala ngokuvamile luhlanganisa imithamo eminingi enikezwa ngezinyanga eziningi, kulandelwe imijovo eyengeziwe njalo ngemva kweminyaka eyi-10 phakathi nokuphila kwakho.

Kubantu abadala abangakagonywa noma abangaqinisekile ngomlando wabo wokugoma, uchungechunge lokuqala ngokuvamile luhlanganisa imithamo emithathu esatshalaliswa phakathi kwezinyanga eziyi-6 kuya kweziyi-12. Izingane zithola imithamo yazo ngokohlelo oluthile oluqala eneminyaka engu-2 ubudala. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzoqapha ukuthi udinga nini umjovo wakho olandelayo.

Le ndlela yokuphila yonke iqinisekisa ukuthi ugcina ukuvikeleka okuqinile ezifweni zombili. Noma ngabe uqede uchungechunge lokuqala, uzodinga leyo mijovo ejwayelekile ngoba ukuzivikela kwakho emzimbeni kuncipha ngokwemvelo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukweqa imijovo eyengeziwe kungakushiya ubhekene nezifo.

Yiziphi Imiphumela Eceleni Yomgomo We-Diphtheria kanye ne-Tetanus?

Abantu abaningi bathola kuphela imiphumela emincane eceleni yomgomo we-diphtheria kanye ne-tetanus, futhi abaningi abanayo imiphumela eceleni nhlobo. Ukusabela okuvame kakhulu ubuhlungu, ububomvu, noma ukuvuvukala endaweni yokujova, okuvame ukuhlala izinsuku eziyi-1 kuya kweziyi-2. Abanye abantu futhi bazizwa bekhathele noma bathuthukise ikhanda elincane usuku olulodwa noma ezimbili.

Nawa amanye imiphumela eceleni evame kakhulu ongase uyithole, futhi kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi lezi yizimpawu zomzimba wakho wokuzivikela emzimbeni osabela ngokujwayelekile emgomeni:

• Ubuhlungu, ububomvu, noma ukuvuvukala lapho uthole khona umjovo
• Umkhuhlane olula (ngokuvamile ngaphansi kuka-101°F noma 38°C)
• Ukuzizwa ukhathele noma ungazizwa kahle
• Ukuba nobuhlungu bekhanda noma ubuhlungu obulula emzimbeni
• Ukucasuka noma ukuncipha kwesifiso sokudla
• Amanodi e-lymph avuvukele eduze nendawo yokujova

Lezi zimo ngokuvamile ziyazixazulula ngokwazo ezinsukwini ezimbalwa futhi zingalawulwa ngemithi yokwelapha ubuhlungu etholakala ngaphandle kwe-oda kanye nokuphumula uma kudingeka.

Ngenkathi kungavamile, abanye abantu bangase babe nemiphumela emibi ebonakalayo esengaphansi kwebanga elijwayelekile lezimo ezibangelwa umgomo:

• Ubuhlungu obukhulu engalweni obukhawulela ukunyakaza usuku noma ezimbili
• Umkhuhlane ophakathi kuka-101-102°F (38-39°C)
• Ukuzizwa ukhathele kakhulu noma ukhathele izinsuku eziningana
• Ukuba nobuhlungu emisipheni emzimbeni wakho wonke
• Ukulahlekelwa okwesikhashana isifiso sokudla
• Ukuqubuka kwesikhumba okuncane eduze nendawo yokujova

Le miphumela, ngenkathi ingakhululeki, ingeyesikhashana futhi ikhombisa ukuthi amasosha akho omzimba akha ukuvikeleka ezifweni.

Imiphumela emibi engathi sína ayivamile kodwa ingenzeka, futhi kubalulekile ukuyiqaphela ukuze ukwazi ukufuna ukwelashwa uma kudingeka:

• Ukuphendula okukhulu komzimba (ubunzima bokuphefumula, ukuvuvukala kobuso noma umphimbo, ukuqubuka okusabalalele)
• Umkhuhlane ophezulu ngaphezu kuka-103°F (39.5°C)
• Ubuhlungu obukhulu, obuqhubekayo noma ukuvuvukala okuba kubi ngemva kwezinsuku ezi-2-3
• Izimpawu zokutheleleka endaweni yokujova (ukwanda kobubomvu, ukufudumala, i-pus)
• Ubuthakathaka obungavamile noma ukuba ndikindiki engalweni yakho
• Ukuphalaza okuqhubekayo noma ubuhlungu bekhanda obukhulu

Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu ezingathi sína, xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ngokushesha noma funa ukunakekelwa kwezimo eziphuthumayo.

Ubani Ongafanele Athole Umgomo Wokuvikela I-Diphtheria kanye ne-Tetanus?

Ngenkathi umgomo we-diphtheria kanye ne-tetanus uphephile kubantu abaningi, abanye abantu kufanele bawugweme noma balibazise ukugonywa. Uma uke waba nokusabela okukhulu komzimba emthini wokugoma wangaphambilini noma kunoma yiziphi izithako zawo, akufanele uphinde uwuthole. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo angasiza ekutholeni ukuthi ungena yini kulolu hlobo.

Abantu abagulayo ngendlela ephakathi nendawo noma ngendlela engathi sína kufanele balinde baze bathole ukwelashwa ngaphambi kokugonywa. Lokhu akubandakanyi izifo ezincane njengomkhuhlane olula, kodwa uma unomkhuhlane noma uzizwa ungaphilile kahle, kungcono ukuhlehlisa umgomo. Lokhu kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amasosha akho omzimba angasabela kahle emgomeni.

Nazi izimo ezithile lapho kufanele uxoxe ngokucophelela ngomgomo nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo:

• Ukusabela okukhulu komzimba ngaphambilini kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yomgomo
• Umlando we-Guillain-Barré syndrome kungakapheli amasonto angu-6 ngemuva komgomo wangaphambilini we-tetanus
• Ukugula okukhona ngendlela ephakathi nendawo noma ngendlela engathi sína ngomkhuhlane
• Izifo zokuphuma igazi noma ukuthatha imithi yokunciphisa igazi
• Ubuthakathaka bamasosha omzimba ngenxa yokugula noma imithi
• Ukukhulelwa (nakuba ezinye izinhlobo zinconywa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa)

Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzohlola izinzuzo nezingozi ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho somuntu ngamunye futhi angase ancome izinguquko esimisweni esijwayelekile sokugoma.

Amagama Omkhiqizo Womgomo We-Diphtheria kanye ne-Tetanus

Umuthi wokugoma we-diphtheria kanye ne-tetanus uyatholakala ngaphansi kwamagama amaningi omkhiqizo, kuye ngokuhlanganiswa okuthile kanye nomkhiqizi. Amagama ajwayelekile omkhiqizo afaka i-Tenivac kanye ne-Td Generic yokuhlanganiswa kwabantu abadala kwe-tetanus-diphtheria. Ezinganeni, imithi yokugoma ye-DTaP iyatholakala njenge-Daptacel ne-Infanrix.

Umhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo uzokhetha uhlobo olufanele kakhulu ngokusekelwe eminyakeni yakho, izidingo zempilo, nokuthi yini etholakalayo. Zonke izinhlobo ezigunyaziwe zihlangabezana namazinga afanayo okuphepha nokusebenza kahle, ngakho uhlobo oluthile alibalulekile kangako kunokugonywa ngokuvumelana nohlelo olunconyiwe. Irekhodi lakho lokugoma lizofaka uhlobo oluthile olutholile ukuze lusetshenziswe esikhathini esizayo.

Ezinye izindlela zokugoma i-Diphtheria ne-Tetanus

Kunezinhlanganisela eziningana zemithi yokugoma etholakalayo ezihlanganisa ukuvikelwa kwe-diphtheria ne-tetanus kanye neminye imithi yokugoma. Enye indlela ejwayelekile ukugoma i-DTaP, engeza ukuvikelwa ku-pertussis (umkhuhlane wokukhwehlela) futhi ngokuvamile inikezwa ezinganeni. Kubantu abadala, i-Tdap inikeza ukuvikelwa okufanayo kwezifo ezintathu futhi ivame ukunconywa ezimweni ezithile.

Uma ungenakukwazi ukuthola umuthi wokugoma ohlanganisiwe ngenxa yokungezwani komzimba noma ezinye izizathu zezokwelapha, umhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo angase ancome ukuthola imithi yokugoma ehlukene yesifo ngasinye. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akuvamile futhi kungase kudingeke uhlelo lokugoma oluyinkimbinkimbi. Imithi yokugoma ehlanganisiwe ivame ukukhethwa ngoba inikeza ukuvikelwa okuphelele ngemijovo embalwa.

Abanye abantu bangase bathole izinhlanganisela ezahlukene zemithi yokugoma ngokusekelwe ezinhlelweni zabo zokuhamba noma izingozi ezithile zempilo. Umhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo uzosiza ekunqumeni inketho engcono kakhulu yezimo zakho ngazinye, ecabangela izinto ezinjengobudala bakho, umlando wezempilo, kanye nengozi yokuchayeka kulezi zifo.

Ingabe ukugoma i-Diphtheria ne-Tetanus kungcono kunezithako ngazinye?

Umuthi wokugoma i-diphtheria ne-tetanus ohlanganisiwe ngokuvamile ukhethwa ngaphezu kwemithi yokugoma ngayinye ngezizathu eziningana ezingokoqobo. Ukuthola imithi yokugoma emibili ngomjovo owodwa kusho ukuvakashela udokotela okuncane, ukungakhululeki okuncane, nokuthobela kangcono uhlelo lokugoma. Umuthi wokugoma ohlanganisiwe uhlolwe kabanzi futhi waba ngofakazi wokuthi usebenza kahle njengokuthola imithi yokugoma ngokwehlukana.

Ngokombono wezempilo yomphakathi, imithi yokugoma ehlanganisiwe isiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abantu abaningi bathola ukuvikeleka okuphelele kuzo zombili izifo. Uma imithi yokugoma ihlanganisiwe, kuncane ithuba lokuthi ungaphuthelwa imithamo noma ungahambisani neshejuli enconyiwe. Le ndlela iphumelele kakhulu ekunciphiseni ukwenzeka kwe-diphtheria kanye ne-tetanus emhlabeni wonke.

Kodwa-ke, imithi yokugoma ngayinye ingase idingeke ezimweni ezingavamile lapho othile enokungezwani komzimba nesinye isithako kodwa hhayi esinye. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo angasiza ukunquma ukuthi umuthi wokugoma ohlanganisiwe noma imithi yokugoma ehlukene ilungele kangcono isimo sakho esithile.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana Nomuthi Wokugoma we-Diphtheria kanye ne-Tetanus

Q1. Ingabe Umuthi Wokugoma we-Diphtheria kanye ne-Tetanus Uphephile Ngesikhathi Sokukhulelwa?

Yebo, umuthi wokugoma we-tetanus-diphtheria ngokuvamile ubhekwa njengophephe ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, futhi inguqulo ye-Tdap (efaka i-pertussis) inconywa ngokuqondile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ngakunye. Ukugonywa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ngokuvamile phakathi kwamasonto angama-27-36, kusiza ukuvikela wena nomntwana wakho. Ama-antibody owathuthukisayo adlula nge-placenta futhi anikeze ukuvikeleka kumntwana wakho osanda kuzalwa ezinyangeni zokuqala zokuphila kwakhe.

Abesifazane abakhulelwe kufanele bathole umuthi wokugoma we-Tdap ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ngakunye, ngisho noma begonywe ngaphambili. Lesi sikhathi siqinisekisa ukudluliselwa okuphezulu kwama-antibody kumntwana futhi sinikeza ukuvikeleka okuqinile ngesikhathi sokuzalwa esibucayi. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzoxoxa ngesikhathi esingcono kakhulu sesimo sakho esithile.

Q2. Kufanele Ngenzeni Uma Ngithola Ngengozi Imithamo eminingi Yomuthi Wokugoma we-Diphtheria kanye ne-Tetanus?

Uma ngengozi uthola umthamo owengeziwe womuthi wokugoma we-diphtheria kanye ne-tetanus, ungakhathazeki - lokhu ngeke kubangele ukulimala okukhulu. Imithamo eyengeziwe ayinikezi ukuvikeleka okwengeziwe, kodwa akunakwenzeka ukuthi ibangele imiphumela eminingi engemihle kunaleyo ongayithola ngokujwayelekile. Umphumela ovamile kakhulu ukuba buhlungu okuncane noma ukuvuvukala endaweni yokujova.

Xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ukuze abazise ngomthamo owengeziwe ukuze bakwazi ukubuyekeza amarekhodi akho okugoma. Bazokusiza ukuthi unqume ukuthi empeleni udinga nini umjovo wakho olandelayo ohleliwe. Gcina imibhalo yakho yonke yokugoma ukuze uvimbele lesi simo esikhathini esizayo, ikakhulukazi uma ubona abahlinzeki bezempilo abahlukene.

Q3. Kufanele Ngenzeni Uma Ngiphuthelwa Umthamo Womgomo We-Diphtheria kanye ne-Tetanus?

Uma uphuthelwa umthamo ohleliwe womgomo we-diphtheria kanye ne-tetanus, xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze uhlele kabusha. Akudingeki ukuthi uqale uchungechunge lonke futhi - ungaqhubeka nje lapho ugcine khona. Isikhathi phakathi kwemithamo singaba nezimo, futhi umthamo olibazisekile usasebenza.

Ngomjovo wokuthuthukisa, uma usulibele (ngaphezu kweminyaka eyi-10 kusukela kumthamo wakho wokugcina), kufanele uthole umgomo ngokushesha okukhulu. Akukho isikhawu esiphezulu phakathi kwemithamo, ngakho-ke noma ngabe usulibele kakhulu, umjovo owodwa wokuthuthukisa uzobuyisela ukuvikeleka kwakho. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo angakusiza ukuthi ubuyele emgqeni ngohlelo olunconyiwe.

Q4. Ngingayeka Nini Ukuthatha Umgomo We-Diphtheria kanye ne-Tetanus?

Kufanele uqhubeke nokuthola imijovo yokuthuthukisa i-diphtheria kanye ne-tetanus empilweni yakho yonke, njengoba kungekho iminyaka lapho ungaqeda khona ngokuphepha. Zombili lezi zifo zisaqhubeka ziyingozi kubantu bayo yonke iminyaka, futhi ukuzivikela kwakho kwehla ngokwemvelo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngaphandle kwemijovo yokuthuthukisa. Umgomo usaqhubeka uphephile futhi usebenza ngisho nakubantu asebekhulile.

Isincomo esijwayelekile ukuthola umjovo wokuthuthukisa njalo eminyakeni eyi-10 impilo yakho yonke. Abanye abahlinzeki bezempilo bangase bancomise ukuqhubeka nokuthuthukisa ngisho nakubantu abaneminyaka yokuphila elinganiselwe, njengoba izifo zingaba zimbi kakhulu kubantu abadala. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzokusiza ukuthi wenze izinqumo mayelana nokugoma ngokusekelwe empilweni yakho yonke kanye nezimo zempilo.

Q5. Ngingathola Umgomo We-Diphtheria kanye ne-Tetanus Uma Nginenkinga Yezokwelapha Engapheli?

Abantu abaningi abanezimo zezokwelapha ezingamahlala-khona bangakwazi ukuthola umgomo we-diphtheria kanye ne-tetanus ngokuphepha futhi bangase bazuze kakhulu emgomeni ngenxa yengozi yabo eyengeziwe yezinkinga ezivela kulezi zifo. Izimo ezinjengesifo sikashukela, isifo senhliziyo, noma isifo samaphaphu akukuvimbeli ukuthi uthole umgomo, futhi umgomo uvame ukunconywa ikakhulukazi kubantu abanezimo ezinjalo.

Uma unesimo esithinta amasosha akho omzimba noma usebenzisa imithi ecindezela ukuzivikela komzimba, xoxa ngesikhathi nohlobo lomgomo nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo. Ungase udinge ukucatshangelwa okukhethekile, kodwa imithi yokugoma ivame ukunconywa ngoba izinzuzo zidlula izingozi. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzosebenza nawe ukuze anqume indlela ephephe kakhulu yesimo sakho esithile.