Yini Umgomo Wokuthuthukisa i-Diphtheria-Tetanus-Acellular Pertussis (DTaP/Tdap)? Izinzuzo, Imiphumela Eceleni, & Okulindelekile

Umjovo wokuthuthukisa i-DTaP/Tdap ngumjovo ohlanganisiwe okuvikelayo ezifweni ezintathu ezingamathambo: i-diphtheria, i-tetanus, kanye ne-pertussis (umkhuhlane wokukhwehlela). Lo mgomo usiza amasosha akho omzimba ukuthi aqaphele futhi alwe nalezi zifo ngaphambi kokuthi zikwenze ugule kakhulu. Cabanga ngakho njengokunikeza uhlelo lokuzivikela lomzimba wakho isikhumbuzi esiwusizo kanye nesibuyekezo sendlela yokubhekana nalezi zinsongo ezithile.

Yini umgomo wokuthuthukisa i-DTaP/Tdap?

Umjovo we-DTaP/Tdap empeleni yimigomo emibili efanayo enikezwa ezigabeni ezihlukene zempilo. I-DTaP inikezwa izinsana kanye nezingane ezincane, kanti i-Tdap iyona enguqulo yokuthuthukisa yezingane ezindala, intsha, kanye nabantu abadala. Zombili ziqukethe izingxenye ezibuthakathaka noma ezingasebenzi zamagciwane abangela i-diphtheria, i-tetanus, kanye ne-pertussis, okuqeqesha amasosha akho omzimba ngaphandle kokubangela lezi zifo zangempela.

Umjovo unikezwa njengomjovo emsipheni wakho ongaphezulu wengalo. Ngokuvamile uzowuthola njengengxenye yesimiso sakho sokugomela esivamile, ngama-boosters anconywa njalo ngemva kweminyaka eyi-10 ukuze kuvikelwe i-tetanus ne-diphtheria. Abesifazane abakhulelwe nabo bathola i-Tdap ngesikhathi ngasinye sokukhulelwa ukuze bavikele izinsana zabo ezisanda kuzalwa.

Kuzizwa kanjani ukuthola umgomo we-DTaP/Tdap?

Ukuthola umgomo kuzizwa njengokuchofoza okusheshayo noma ukubhoboza engalweni yakho engenhla, okufana nanoma yimuphi omunye umjovo. Umjovo wangempela uthatha imizuzwana embalwa nje, futhi abantu abaningi bachaza ukuthi awubuhlungu njengoba babelindele. Ingalo yakho ingase izizwe ibuhlungu kancane noma ithambile ngemva kwalokho, okujwayelekile ngokuphelele futhi kubonisa ukuthi amasosha akho omzimba ayasabela.

Abanye abantu baba nemiphumela emincane eceleni usuku noma ezimbili ngemva komjovo. Ingalo yakho ingase ibe buhlungu, ibe bomvu, noma ivuvuke kancane endaweni yokujova. Ungase futhi uzizwe ukhathele noma ube nomkhuhlane ophansi. Lezi zindlela zokuziphatha ziyindlela yomzimba wakho yokwakha ukuvikeleka ezifweni.

Yini ebangela isidingo sokuthola imigomo ye-DTaP/Tdap booster?

Umzimba wakho udinga imigomo ye-booster ngoba ukuzivikela emzimbeni ovela emigomweni yobuntwana kwehla ngokwemvelo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Cabanga ngememori yomzimba wakho yokuzivikela njengemisipha edinga ukuzivocavoca njalo ukuze ihlale iqinile. Ngaphandle kwama-booster, ukuvikeleka kwakho ezifweni ezingathi sína kancane kancane kuyancipha, kukushiye ubhekene nokutheleleka.

Izici eziningana zithonya ukuthi kungani udinga ama-booster avamile:

• Ukwehla kokuzivikela emzimbeni ngokwemvelo - Amazinga akho e-antibody ayancipha eminyakeni
• Ukushintsha kwamagciwane - Ezinye izinhlobo zamagciwane zingashintsha kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi
• Ukusabela komzimba ngamunye - Ukuzivikela komzimba kwabanye abantu kuyancipha ngokushesha kunabanye
• Ushintsho oluhlobene nobudala - Umzimba wakho wokuzivikela ushintsha njengoba ukhula
• Ingozi yokuchayeka - Ezinye izimo zempilo zikhuphula ingozi yakho yokuchayeka

Isikhathi sama-booster sibalwa ngokucophelela ngokusekelwe ocwaningweni olukhombisa ukuthi ukuzivikela emzimbeni kwabantu abaningi kuqala nini ukuncipha. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi ugcina ukuvikeleka okuqinile empilweni yakho yonke.

Yiziphi izimo umgomo we-DTaP/Tdap ovikela kuzo?

Umjovo uvikela ezifweni ezintathu ezihlukene zamagciwane, ngalinye linobungozi bazo obukhulu bezempilo. Ukuqonda ukuthi lezi zifo zingenzani kusiza ukuchaza ukuthi kungani ukuvimbela ngomgomo kubaluleke kangako empilweni yakho kanye nenhlalakahle yomphakathi wakho.

I-Diphtheria ibangela izifo ezinzima zomphimbo ezingavimba umoya wakho futhi zenze ukuphefumula kube nzima. Amagciwane futhi akhiqiza ubuthi obungalimaza inhliziyo yakho, izinso, kanye nohlelo lwakho lwezinzwa. Ngaphambi kwemigomo, i-diphtheria yayiyimbangela enkulu yokufa ezinganeni.

I-Tetanus, ebizwa nangokuthi i-lockjaw, ibangela imisipha eqinile emzimbeni wakho wonke. Amagciwane angene ngokusikeka noma amanxeba futhi akhiqize ubuthi obuthinta uhlelo lwakho lwezinzwa. I-Tetanus ingabangela ukuncipha kwemisipha okubuhlungu okungathi sína kangangokuthi kungaphula amathambo, futhi ngokuvamile kuyabulala ngaphandle kokwelashwa.

I-Pertussis, noma umkhuhlane wokukhwehlela, ibangela ukukhwehlela okukhulu okungathatha izinyanga. Umsindo othi “whooping” owaziwayo wenzeka lapho uzabalaza ukuphefumula phakathi kokukhwehlela. I-Pertussis iyingozi ikakhulu ezinganeni, ezingayeka ukuphefumula ngesikhathi sokukhwehlela futhi zithuthukise izinkinga ezisongela impilo.

Ingabe ukuzivikela emzimbeni okuvela ku-DTaP/Tdap kunganyamalala ngokwako?

Yebo, ukuzivikela kwakho emzimbeni okuvela emgomeni we-DTaP/Tdap kuncipha ngokwemvelo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, yingakho udinga imijovo yokuqinisa njalo. Lokhu akulona ukwehluleka komgomo - yindlela umzimba wakho oqhelelanisa ngayo nokugula ngokujwayelekile. Imigomo eminingi inikeza ukuvikeleka okuqinile iminyaka eminingi, kodwa imbalwa kakhulu ekunikeza ukuzivikela impilo yonke ngomthamo owodwa.

Nge-tetanus ne-diphtheria, ukuvikeleka kuvame ukuhlala cishe iminyaka eyi-10 ngemuva komjovo wokuqinisa. Ukuzivikela ku-Pertussis kuvame ukushabalala ngokushesha, ngokuvamile kungakapheli iminyaka eyi-5-7. Yingakho abesifazane abakhulelwe bethola i-Tdap ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ngakunye, beqinisekisa ukuthi badlulisela ama-antibody okuvikela ezinganeni zabo.

Ukuvikeleka kwakho akunyanyalali ngokuzumayo njengokushintsha iswishi. Kunalokho, kuncipha kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, yingakho isikhathi semijovo yokuqinisa sibaluleke kangako. Ukuthola ama-booster akho ngesikhathi kuqinisekisa ukuthi ugcina ukuvikeleka okuqinile ngaphandle kwegebe lokumboza.

Ungalungiselela kanjani ukuthola umgomo we-DTaP/Tdap?

Ukulungiselela umgomo wakho we-DTaP/Tdap kulula futhi akudingi zinyathelo ezikhethekile. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukufika unamanzi kahle futhi udle muva nje, ngoba lokhu kungasiza ekuvikeleni ukuzizwa udidekile ngemuva komjovo. Yazisa umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ngemithi oyithathayo noma izimo zezempilo onazo.

Nawa amanye amasu alula okwenza ukuthi umuzwa wakho womgomo ube bushelelezi:

• Gqoka ihembe elikhululekile elikuvumela ukuthi ufinyelele kalula engalweni yakho engenhla
• Letha irekhodi lakho lokugoma noma ikhadi uma unalo
• Bhala noma yikuphi ukungezwani komzimba nezinto ezithile noma ukusabela okwenzeke ngaphambilini emithini yokugoma ukuze uxoxe nodokotela wakho
• Hlela ukuhlala imizuzu engu-15 ngemuva kokuthola umjovo ukuze uqaphele
• Cabangela ukuthatha usuku kalula uma ukhathazekile ngemiphumela emincane

Uma ukhathazekile ngamajwabu, yazisa umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo. Bangakusiza ukuthi uzizwe ukhululekile futhi bangase baphakamise amasu okunciphisa ukukhathazeka ngesikhathi sokujova.

Yiluphi uhlelo lwezokwelapha lwemithi yokugoma ye-DTaP/Tdap?

Uhlelo lwemithi yokugoma ye-DTaP/Tdap luklanywe ngokucophelela ukuhlinzeka ngokuqapha okungcono kakhulu empilweni yakho yonke. Izingane zithola uchungechunge lwe-DTaP oluqala eneminyaka engu-2 ubudala, ngamajovo aqhubekayo ebusheni bazo. Abantu abadala bese beshintshela ku-Tdap booster njalo eminyakeni eyi-10.

Uhlelo olujwayelekile luhlanganisa lawa maphuzu abalulekile okuhlela isikhathi:

1. Izinsana: DTaP eneminyaka engu-2, 4, 6, kanye nezinyanga eziyi-15-18, bese kuba iminyaka engu-4-6
2. Intsha: I-Tdap booster eneminyaka eyi-11-12 ubudala
3. Abantu abadala: I-Tdap njalo eminyakeni eyi-10 empilweni yonke
4. Abesifazane abakhulelwe: I-Tdap ngesikhathi samaviki angama-27-36 okukhulelwa ngakunye
5. Abantu abadala abangakaze bathole i-Tdap: Umthamo owodwa, bese kuba ama-Td boosters njalo eminyakeni eyi-10

Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo angase ancome izinguquko kulolu hlelo ngokusekelwe ezimweni zakho, izinhlelo zokuhamba, noma izimo zempilo. Uma uhlele ngemuva emithini yokugoma, bangasiza ukudala uhlelo lokubamba oliphephile futhi olusebenzayo.

Kufanele ubone nini udokotela mayelana nemithi yokugoma ye-DTaP/Tdap?

Kufanele ukhulume nodokotela wakho mayelana nemithi yokugoma ye-DTaP/Tdap uma ungaqiniseki ngesimo sakho sokugoma noma uma sekudlule iminyaka engaphezu kwe-10 kusukela kumjovo wakho wokugcina. Abantu abadala abaningi abaqiniseki ukuthi bagcine nini ukuthola le mithi yokugoma, futhi udokotela wakho angasiza ekutholeni ukuthi yini oyidingayo.

Xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezikhathazayo ngemva kokugonywa. Nakuba izimo ezinzima zingavamile, kufanele ufune ukwelashwa uma uba nokusabela okukhulu komzimba, umkhuhlane ophezulu, noma izimpawu ezikukhathazayo. Imiphumela eminingi emibi imnene futhi iyazixazulula yodwa ezinsukwini ezimbalwa.

Kufanele futhi uthintane nodokotela wakho uma unanxeba elingakufaka engozini ye-tetanus, ikakhulukazi uma ungahambisani nemithi yakho yokugoma. Ukuqhekeka okujulile, amanxeba okubhoboza, noma ukulimala okuvela ezintweni ezingcolile kungase kudingeke ukuvikelwa ngokushesha kwe-tetanus, ngisho noma i-booster yakho evamile ingakafiki.

Ziyini izici eziyingozi zokudinga ama-booster e-DTaP/Tdap?

Wonke umuntu udinga ama-booster e-DTaP/Tdap njengengxenye yokunakekelwa kwezempilo okuvamile, kodwa izici ezithile zingakhuphula ingozi yakho yokuchayeka kulezi zifo. Ukuqonda lezi zici eziyingozi kusiza ukuchaza ukuthi kungani ukuhlala unamuhla ngemithi yakho yokugoma kubaluleke kakhulu empilweni yakho nokuphepha kwakho.

Ingozi yakho iyanda uma usebenza emkhakheni wezempilo, uchitha isikhathi eduze kwezinsana, noma uhamba uye ezindaweni lapho lezi zifo zivame khona. Abantu abasebenza ngaphandle noma ngezandla zabo nabo babhekene nengozi enkulu ye-tetanus evela ekuqhekekeni nasekulimaleni. Ubudala buyisici esinye - izinsana kanye nabantu abadala bangase babe sengozini enkulu yezinkinga ezinzima ezivela kuzo zonke lezi zifo ezintathu.

Izici eziyingozi ezithile zihlanganisa:

• Ukusebenza ezindaweni zokunakekelwa kwezempilo noma zokunakekelwa kwezingane
• Ukuphila noma ukunakekela izinsana
• Ukuya emazweni anamazinga aphansi okugoma
• Ukuba nezimo ezithile zezokwelapha ezenza buthaka amasosha akho omzimba
• Ukusebenza emisebenzini enengozi yokulimala (ukwakha, ukulima, njll.)
• Ukukhulelwa (ukuze kuvikelwe i-pertussis yosana olusanda kuzalwa)

Noma ngabe awunazo izici eziyingozi ezithile, ukuhlala unamuhla ngama-booster akho kukuvikela wena nomphakathi wakho ngalokho okubizwa ngokuthi ukuzivikela komhlambi.

Ziyini izinkinga ezingaba khona zemithi yokugoma ye-DTaP/Tdap?

Izinkinga ezinzima ezivela emithini yokugoma ye-DTaP/Tdap azivamile kakhulu, kodwa kubalulekile ukuqonda okungenzeka ukuze ukwazi ukwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nokunakekelwa kwakho kwezempilo. Iningi labantu lithola imiphumela emibi emincane kuphela, uma ikhona, futhi izinzuzo zokugoma zidlula kakhulu izingozi.

Izinkinga ezivamile, ezimnene zenzeka kubantu abaningi futhi zivame ukuxazululeka ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ubuhlungu endaweni yokujova, umkhuhlane ophansi, ukukhathala, nobuhlungu obuncane emzimbeni. Abanye abantu bathuthukisa iqhubu elincane, eliqinile endaweni yokujova elinyamalala kancane kancane emasontweni.

Izinkinga ezingathi sína azivamile kakhulu kodwa zingabandakanya:

• Ukungezwani okukhulu (i-anaphylaxis) - kwenzeka cishe ku-1 kwizigidi eziyinkulungwane zemithamo
• Ukwelashwa okukhulu ehlombe ngenxa yokubekwa kwenelidi - akuvamile kakhulu ngetekhniki efanele
• Umkhuhlane ophezulu ngaphezu kuka-102°F - kwenzeka ngaphansi kuka-1% wabantu
• Ukuhlaselwa yizifo ezincane ezinganeni ezincane - akuvamile futhi ngokuvamile akulimazi
• Ukuvuvukala okukhulu kwemilenze - akuvamile futhi ngokuvamile kuyazixazulula

Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzokulandela imizuzu engu-15 ngemuva kokugoma ukuze abheke ukusabela okusheshayo. Baqeqeshwe ukubhekana nanoma yiziphi izinkinga ezingase zivele, okwenza ukugoma kuphephe kakhulu.

Ingabe imithi yokugoma ye-DTaP/Tdap ilungile noma imbi ohlelweni lwakho lomzimba lokuzivikela?

Imithi yokugoma ye-DTaP/Tdap ilungile ohlelweni lwakho lomzimba lokuzivikela - empeleni iyaluqinisa ngokulufundisa ukuthi lungalwa kanjani nezifo ezingathi sína ngokuphepha. Imithi yokugoma iqukethe izingxenye ezingasebenzi noma ezibuthakathaka zamagciwane ezingakwazi ukubangela isifo kodwa ezingaqeqesha uhlelo lwakho lomzimba lokuzivikela ukuthi luqaphele futhi lusabele ezinsongweni.

Lapho uthola umuthi wokugoma, uhlelo lwakho lomzimba lokuzivikela lusabela ngokudala ama-antibodies namaseli enkumbulo aqondene ne-diphtheria, i-tetanus, ne-pertussis. Lawa maseli enkumbulo ahlala emzimbeni wakho iminyaka eminingi, elungele ukukhiqiza ngokushesha ama-antibodies uma wake wavezwa ezifweni zangempela. Le nqubo iphephe kakhulu kunokuthola ukuzivikela kwemvelo ngokutheleleka.

Imigomo empeleni isiza amasosha akho omzimba ukuthi asebenze kahle ngokuthi iwunikeze "ukuqeqeshwa" ngokumelene nalezi zifo. Lokhu kuqeqeshwa kuvumela umzimba wakho ukuthi usabele ngokushesha nangempumelelo kunokuba ubhekane nalezi zibhaktheriya okokuqala ngqa ngesikhathi sokutheleleka kwangempela.

Yini okungase kuthathwe njengokuthi iyizimpawu zokugoma ze-DTaP/Tdap?

Ngezinye izikhathi abantu bahlobanisa izimpawu ezingahlobene nokugonywa kwamuva, ikakhulu uma zenzeka ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemuva kokuthola umjovo. Ukuqonda ukuthi yini ngempela ehlobene nomgomo uma kuqhathaniswa nalokho okungase kube yinto eyenzeka ngengozi kukusiza ukuthi usabele ngendlela efanele kunoma yiziphi izimpawu ozihlangabezayo.

Izimpawu ezijwayelekile zokugoma njengobuhlungu engalweni, umkhuhlane olula, nokukhathala ngezinye izikhathi kungase kuthathwe njengomkhuhlane noma ezinye izifo. Kodwa-ke, izimpawu zokugoma ngokuvamile ziqala phakathi kwama-24-48 amahora ngemuva komjovo futhi zixazululwe ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Uma izimpawu ziqhubeka isikhathi eside noma ziba zimbi, maningi amathuba okuthi zibangelwe ukugula okungahlobene.

Ukuqondakala okujwayelekile okungalungile kufaka phakathi:

• Ukungezwani komzimba nezinto ezithile zonyaka okuthathwa njengezimpawu zokugoma
• Ukutheleleka ngamabhayirusi okungahlobene okwenzeka ngokushesha ngemuva kokugonywa
• Izimpawu zokucindezeleka noma ukukhathazeka okuhlobene nomgomo
• Izimo ezikhona ngaphambilini ezenzeka ngengozi zibe zimbi ngemuva kokugonywa
• Ukusabela okujwayelekile kwamasosha omzimba okudidaniswa nezinkinga ezingathi sína

Uma ungaqiniseki ukuthi izimpawu zihlobene yini nomgomo wakho, xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo. Bangakwazi ukusiza ukuthola ukuthi yini ebangela izimpawu zakho futhi banikeze isiqondiso esifanele noma ukwelashwa.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana nemigomo ye-DTaP/Tdap

Q1: Ingabe ukuvikeleka emagomeni e-DTaP/Tdap kuhlala isikhathi esingakanani?

Ukuvikelwa emithini yokugoma ye-DTaP/Tdap ngokuvamile kuhlala iminyaka ecishe ibe ngu-10 ye-tetanus ne-diphtheria, kanti ukuzivikela ku-pertussis kungase kuphele ngemva kweminyaka engu-5-7. Yingakho abantu abadala bedinga imijovo eyengeziwe njalo ngemva kweminyaka engu-10 ukuze baqhubeke nokuzivikela. Le mithombo yokugoma ayinikezi ukuzivikela impilo yonke, kodwa ikunikeza ukuvikeleka okuqinile iminyaka eminingi ngemva komthamo ngamunye.

Umbuzo 2: Ngingayithola i-DTaP/Tdap uma ngikhulelwe?

Yebo, abesifazane abakhulelwe kufanele bathole i-Tdap ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ngakunye, okungcono phakathi kwamasonto angu-27-36. Lesi sikhathi sikuvumela ukuthi udlulisele ama-antibody okuvikela enganeni yakho, ubanikeze ukuzivikela ezinyangeni zabo zokuqala zokuphila ngaphambi kokuthi baqale uchungechunge lwabo lomgomo. Ukuthola i-Tdap ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kuphephile futhi kunconywa ngokuqinile abahlinzeki bezempilo.

Umbuzo 3: Ngingenzani uma ngingakhumbuli ukuthi ngagcina nini ukuthola umjovo we-tetanus?

Uma ungakhumbuli umjovo wakho wokugcina we-tetanus noma ungenayo imibhalo yokugoma, ngokuvamile kuphephile ukuthola i-Tdap booster. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo angase ancome ukuthola eyodwa uma sekudlule iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-10 noma uma unokungabaza ngesimo sakho sokugoma. Kungcono ukuba nokuvikeleka okwengeziwe kunokubeka engcupheni yokungavikeleki.

Umbuzo 4: Bakhona yini abantu okungafanele bathole imithi yokugoma ye-DTaP/Tdap?

Bambalwa kakhulu abantu abangakwazi ukuthola imithi yokugoma ye-DTaP/Tdap. Labo okungafanele bayithole bahlanganisa abantu abanezifo ezinzima ezitholakala emithini yokugoma noma labo ababa nokusabela okukhulu emithini yangaphambilini. Abantu abanezifo eziphakathi nendawo kuya kwezinkulu kufanele balinde baze bazizwe ngcono. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo angasiza ekunqumeni ukuthi umgomo ukulungele yini.

Umbuzo 5: Ingabe imithi yokugoma ye-DTaP/Tdap inganikezwa neminye imithi yokugoma?

Yebo, imigomo ye-DTaP/Tdap inganikezwa ngokuphepha ngesikhathi esifanayo neminye imigomo, kodwa ezingalweni ezihlukene. Lena yindlela ejwayelekile futhi ayikwandisi ingozi yakho yemiphumela emibi noma yehlise ukusebenza kwemigomo. Ukuthola imigomo eminingi ngesikhathi esisodwa kungaba lula futhi kuqinisekisa ukuthi uhlala uvikelekile ezifweni eziningi.